泵用干气密封技术及其应用进展

干气密封技术在离心式压缩机等高速流体机械上获得了广泛应用,在泵、反应釜等低转速设备上的应用开始引起重视.综述了国内外泵用干气密封技术及其应用现状,介绍了泵用干气密封的技术特点,包括结构形式、布置方式、端面槽型等,并介绍了成功应用于石化行业的典型案例.同时介绍了主要密封公司典型泵用干气密封产品的技术特点.     

干式气体端面密封的研究现状

非接触式干式气体端面密封(DGS)是一种新型机械密封,在旋转机泵的转轴轴端密封装置中已经得到成功应用.对DGS的研究进展进行了总结,着重介绍了密封性能的理论分析与数值计算方法,端面微槽的优化设计方法,试验研究方法以及考虑端面微尺度效应和滑移流效应基础研究等方面的研究现状.指出在高参数条件下DGS端面的热流固耦合与解耦分析,低速或低压条件下密封的启动与停车性能的准确预测及结构优化是DGS技术未来研究的重点,也是进一步拓广DGS应用领域、提高其工作可靠性的关键.     

新型组合槽端面干气密封特性研究

为了进一步提升干气密封端面流体膜动压效应,提出一种新型组合槽端面干气密封,该组合槽由两个相邻的螺旋槽周向部分重叠组合而成,包括一个长螺旋槽,一个短螺旋槽,两槽的槽深及径向长度不同。建立该组合槽与传统槽端面密封的数学模型,并运用有限差分法对其密封性能进行数值分析。结果表明:新型组合槽在端面间隙约小于1.5μm区域,流体膜开启力大于传统槽,且间隙越小,两者差值越大;泄漏量亦大于传统槽,但其值远小于泄漏量的设计值;在端面间隙约小于3.5μm区域,新型组合槽流体膜刚度显著大于传统槽,且间隙越小,两者差值越大。鉴于组合槽在泄漏量不超标的情况下,在间隙较小时端面流体膜具有更大的刚度、开启力及刚漏比,其综合性能显著优于传统槽型密封。     

串联式干气密封在循环氢压缩机组中的应用

针对离心式循环氢压缩机工艺特点,选择了适合该机组的带中间进气的串联式干气密封结构厦控制系统。进行了干气密封的设计、选材,并提出产品质量控制、检验标准。密封及系统设计获得成功,串联式带中间迷宫的干气密封在年产140万吨芳烃改造装置循环氢压缩机组首次运用获得成功,保证了循环氢压缩机组的稳定运行。     

螺旋槽端面密封脱开转速的理论及试验

提出螺旋槽端面密封脱开转速的理论分析模型,并建立适合于密封端面脱开后的内外双槽结构的非接触式端面密封数学模型。理论研究一种外螺旋槽和内人字槽组合的双螺旋槽端面密封的临界脱开转速,同时讨论该类非接触端面密封开启力、流量、摩擦力矩等随转速和密封间隙的变化规律。试验得到了直径100 mm、槽深3 μm的组合螺旋槽(外螺旋槽和内人字槽组合)端面密封在水介质(27 ℃)工况下的临界脱开转速,并将其与理论结果进行对比研究。研究结果表明,当密封转速超过约9 kr/min后,密封处在非接触状态,此时的密封泄漏量仅为1.2 mL/s。试验得到的端面密封脱开转速与理论结果一致(误差小于10%),从而有效地证实了端面脱开转速可作为对密封端面接触与否的判定依据。当密封转速高于脱开转速后,密封处在非接触状态,其工作寿命较长,泄漏量较小,这对于可重复使用火箭发动机涡轮泵端面密封的研制具有重要理论和试验参考价值。     

Pressure dam influence on the performance of gas face seals

The introduction of grooves, micropores, and other forms of surface geometric modifications onto the mating seal plates has been performed to enhance the gas face seal performance. Reducing fluid leakage through the seal surface has been the main motivation for the development of efficient sealing technology for industrial turbomachinery. Pressure dams are generally etched on the seal inner and outer radii to improve even more the seal capability of reducing the gas leakage to atmosphere. This paper presents a finite element analysis carried out to determine the opening force, the flow leakage and the dynamic force coefficients of flat gas face seals with pressure dams operating under stringent conditions. Several curves of steady-state and dynamic seal performance characteristics depict the influence of the pressure dam position and width on the seal performance and efficiency.     

双槽阶梯槽干气密封性能研究

针对干气密封系统在高转速工况下密封性能差、泄漏量大的问题,提出一种双槽阶梯槽端面密封结构.采用CFD对比分析不同压力、转速下单螺旋槽、双槽阶梯槽、阶梯槽3种槽型的密封性能,探讨槽深、螺旋角对密封性能的影响,得出了双槽阶梯槽型优化的结构参数.结果表明:双槽阶梯槽在降低泄漏量和提高综合密封性能上要优于阶梯槽和单螺旋槽;在槽...     

Theoretical Analyses and Design Guidelines of Oil-Film-Lubricated Mechanical Face Seals with Spiral Grooves

The oil-film-lubricated mechanical face seal is a kind of pure hydrodynamic lubricated noncontacting mechanical face seal with zero leakage. On the basis of systematic theoretical analyses, the design calculation formulas under zero-leakage condition for mechanical face seals with different spiral groove patterns, including double-row spiral grooves such as splay pattern and single-row spiral grooves, are derived. The effects of groove geometry including number of grooves, balance ratio, spring force, rotating speed, and differential pressure on the seal performance are discussed in detail. Finally, the design guidelines of this kind of seal with zero leakage and no wear are put forward. The seals designed according to the guidelines can withstand the pressure disturbance and speed change by means of a slight change of oil-film thickness. Seals developed according to the design guidelines have been tested on a test rig in detail and applied successfully in high-speed turbocompressors of the oil refinery and petrochemical industries.     

螺旋槽泵出型干气密封端面气膜压力近似解析计算

大多数螺旋槽干气密封采用高压密封气体在密封环外侧的泵入式结构。近来,出现了高压气体在密封环内侧的泵出型螺旋槽干气密封,而这类密封常用来密封液体介质。采用Mu ijderman完善的螺旋槽窄槽理论,给出泵出型螺旋槽干气密封端面气膜力的一种近似解析计算方法,给出计算案例,并与泵入型结构进行对比。计算结果表明,同样条件下,泵出型干气密封的端面开启力小于泵入型。     

Experimental Investigations and Field Applications of Oil-Film-Lubricated Mechanical Face Seals with Spiral Grooves

The oil-film-lubricated mechanical face seal described here is a hydrodynamically lubricated, noncontacting, mechanical face seal with zero leakage. On the basis of systematic theoretical analyses, research on design methods, and experimental investigations, many field applications have been made. The experimental investigations include test rig development; long-time high-speed running tests; frequent start-up and shut-down tests; measurements of the seal leakage, face temperature, and characteristics of the self-circulating screw pump; observation, measurement, and solution of interface wear, and so on. Until now, this new seal design has been successfully applied in more than 40 high-speed turbocompressors in the oil refinery and petrochemical industries, achieving zero leakage and long operation. These seals are all designed with different face spiral-groove patterns, structure arrangements, and supporting systems.     

干气密封在裂解气压缩机上的应用

简述了101J裂解气压缩机上原机械密封存在的问题.根据该裂解气压缩机的特点,将原机械密封改造为新型的非接触式密封(即干气密封).详细阐述了带中间迷宫的串联式干气密封的工作原理、整个改造的实施情况以及密封的开车运行状况.结果证明,串联式干气密封在裂解气压缩机上的成功应用,从根本上解决了压缩机原密封的失效问题,保证了机组的安全、稳定、长期、满负荷运行.     

双向旋转树型槽密封端面气膜动压特性

基于气体润滑理论,建立了双向旋转树型槽干式气体端面密封的数学分析模型,对比了双向旋转树型槽与螺旋槽密封端面的压力分布,讨论了树型槽的动压开启特性,以及操作参数对密封特性参数的影响规律。结果表明,双向旋转树型槽干气密封不仅能够实现双向旋转,而且具有较好的动压效应。双向旋转树型槽干气密封的动压效应受压缩数、密封压力等操作参数及端面间气膜厚度的影响显著,压缩数增加,动压开启能力增强;密封压力增加,动压开启能力降低。     

锥度对螺旋槽气体端面密封稳态特性的影响

提出一种考虑螺旋槽气体密封端面径向锥度的理论模型。利用有限元法求解密封端面间气膜控制方程——雷诺方程,得到了端面膜压分布。计算了密封稳态性能参数,并与有关文献值进行了比较。分析了端面锥度对密封稳态特性的影响,进一步预测了密封端面出现接触摩擦的临界锥度。结果表明,锥度改变了端面膜压分布,并显著影响开启力、气膜刚度以及泄漏率等参数;过度变形将会导致密封因端面接触或大量泄漏而失效。     

离心压缩机新型轴封设计

针对2MB—CH型离心压缩机设计了一种新型的轴封结构，该结构结合了迷宫密封和抽气密封的优点，并采用蒸汽作为阻塞介质，结构简单，运行费用低，无污染，安全可靠。现场应用表明。该种密封的性能明显优于其它密封形式。     

柔性端面气膜密封流场分析及密封特性研究

提出一种航空发动机主轴承端适用密封——柔性端面气膜密封.通过对三种密封端面变形情况下的压力控制方程进行求解,获得密封气膜微尺度流场特性的演变规律,并探讨关键密封性能参数与工况条件的相关性.研究结果表明:柔性端面在带压气膜的作用下发生变形,其中波箔片的变形起主导作用,平箔片的影响可忽略不计;相较于刚性端面,柔性端面可有效...     

Application of Fractal Contact Model in Dynamic Performance Analysis of Gas Face Seals

Fractal theory provides scale?independent asperity contact loads and assumes variable curvature radii in the contact analyses of rough surfaces, the current research for which mainly focuses on the mechanism study. The present study introduces the fractal theory into the dynamic research of gas face seals under face?contacting conditions. Structure?Function method is adopted to handle the surface profiles of typical carbon?graphite rings, proving the fractal con?tact model can be used in the field of gas face seals. Using a numerical model established for the dynamic analyses of a spiral groove gas face seal with a flexibly mounted stator, a comparison of dynamic performance between the Majumdar?Bhushan(MB) fractal model and the Chang?Etsion?Bogy(CEB) statistical model is performed. The result shows that the two approaches induce differences in terms of the occurrence and the level of face contact. Although the approach distinctions in film thickness and leakage rate can be tiny, the distinctions in contact mechanism and end face damage are obvious. An investigation of fractal parameters D and G shows that a proper D(nearly 1.5) and a small G are helpful in raising the proportion of elastic deformation to weaken the adhesive wear in the sealing dynamic performance. The proposed research provides a fractal approach to design gas face seals.     

流体密封技术

流体密封作为一门新兴的工程技术学科正越来越受到各行业的关注。本文对流体密封的定义、作用、重要性、分类、涉及的主要学科、主要应用领域以及最新进展作一简单介绍，并阐述了高速透平压缩机轴封经历的四个发展阶段：迷宫密封、浮环密封、机械密封、干气密封。干气密封是最先进的轴端密封形式，已在炼油、化工等行业高速透平压缩机上得到越来越广泛的应用。     

Gas film disturbance characteristics analysis of high-speed and high-pressure dry gas seal

The dry gas seal(DGS) has been widely used in high parameters centrifugal compressor, but the intense vibrations of shafting,especially in high-speed condition, usually result in DGS's failure. So the DGS's ability of resisting outside interference has become a determining factor of the further development of centrifugal compressor. However, the systematic researches of which about gas film disturbance characteristics of high parameters DGS are very little. In order to study gas film disturbance characteristics of high-speed and high-pressure spiral groove dry gas seal(S-DGS) with a flexibly mounted stator, rotor axial runout and misalignment are taken into consideration, and the finite difference method and analytical method are used to analyze the influence of gas film thickness disturbance on sealing performance parameters, what's more, the effects of many key factors on gas film thickness disturbance are systematically investigated. The results show that, when sealed pressure is 10.1MPa and seal face average linear velocity is 107.3 m/s, gas film thickness disturbance has a significant effect on leakage rate, but has relatively litter effect on open force; Excessively large excitation amplitude or excessively high excitation frequency can lead to severe gas film thickness disturbance; And it is beneficial to assure a smaller gas film thickness disturbance when the stator material density is between 3.1 g/cm~3 to 8.4 g/cm~3; Ensuring sealing performance while minimizing support axial stiffness and support axial damping can help to improve dynamic tracking property of dry gas seal. The proposed research provides the instruction to optimize dynamic tracking property of the DGS.     

Development of a dynamic model and study of the dynamic characteristics of an end gas dynamic seal

A significant part of damages in end gas dynamic seals are caused by dangerous vibrations. To improve the reliability of these seals, it is necessary to develop adequate mathematical models and to perform integrated computational and experimental studies. In this article, the two-mass dynamic model for an end gas dynamic seal is considered, which is the most appropriate for practical cases. Theoretical and experimental analyses of the dynamic state of a seal have been performed. The scope of vibration amplitudes and frequencies has been determined for an end gas dynamic seal. The results can be used to design new seals and to implement seals in compressors with magnetic supports.     

氦气介质干气密封热-流固耦合建模及性能分析

以氦气介质螺旋槽干气密封为研究对象,考虑密封环温度分布、变形与气体性质、膜厚、生热等因素之间的相互作用关系,将流体域和固体域方程耦合,根据密封结构特征设置力、热边界条件,建立用于干气密封性能分析的热-流固耦合计算模型。基于该模型对氦气干气密封进行热-流固耦合分析,探讨不同转速及槽深对密封性能及其他参数的影响规律。结果表明:在研究的参数范围内密封环存在明显的热变形与力变形,会造成间隙形状的明显变化,从而强烈影响密封的泄漏等性能;工况参数和几何参数变化同时影响流场、传热和变形特征,通过各物理场的耦合作用影响密封的性能。建立的该多物理场耦合模型可用于氦气及其他气体介质干气密封的性能预测和辅助结构设计。