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上海石化环保中心承担的“石油化工生产中含硫恶臭气体治理研究”项目,最近通过了中石化组织的技术鉴定。该项目以石化污水处理装置中生化处理前细格栅井恶臭气体为研究对象,采用生物脱臭方法,开发了生物滤池和生物滴滤池两种脱臭工艺技术。据悉,上海石化正准备将该项技术应用于现有的大规模工业污水处理装置。 相似文献
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新型污水生物填料研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
根据目前国内生物填料市场的技术需求,选取几种多孔材料(无机或有机,块状或纤维状),作为污水处理生物填料。以最常用的组合填料为参照,通过对比实验考察各类材料作为填料时的挂膜效果以及生物处理能力,根据实验结果讨论几种材料应用于污水生物处理的可能性和发展潜力。 相似文献
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采用不同生物填料研究了生物预处理工艺对微污染水源水的净化效果。结果表明,生物预处理工艺对微污染水源水具有显著的水质改善作用,实验期间阿科蔓填料区和组合填料区对COD、NH+4-N、TN、TP等指标的平均去除率分别为54%、87%、67%、42%和35%、60%、44%、28%;阿科蔓填料区对微污染水源水中各类污染物的去除效果明显高于组合填料区,是处理微污染水源水的理想方式。 相似文献
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在生物接触氧化反应器中投加有效微生物(EM)构成EM生物接触氧化反应器,研究了填料型式和污泥接种方式对EM生物接触氧化反应器挂膜效果的影响,考察了反应器启动阶段有机污染物的去除效果.结果表明:填料型式和污泥接种方式对EM生物接触氧化反应器中的挂膜过程有较大影响;陶粒填料的挂膜效果较塑料多面球好,在使用啤酒污水和EM混合液启动反应器的情况下,陶粒填料的最大挂膜率是塑料多面球的2.03倍,启动阶段有机物的最大去除率较塑料多面球高7.4%;污泥接种方式对挂膜过程的影响因填料型式的不同而不同。 相似文献
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水处理用塑料生物膜载体改性研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目前废水处理用塑料生物膜载体(或称塑料生物填料)在亲水性、生物亲和性和活性等方面尚存在不足,微生物挂膜性能有待提高。本文概述了从塑料填料表面和本体两方面改性的研究进展。同时结合笔者的研究课题,阐述了新型生物亲和亲水磁性填料的研究思路以及塑料生物填料改性的发展方向。 相似文献
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Moshe Herzberg Carlos G Dosoretz Sheldon Tarre Beliavsky Michael Minz Dror Michal Green 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2004,79(6):626-631
The objective of this research was to characterize the performance of granulated activated carbon (GAC) as a carrier for Pseudomonas ADP in a non‐sterile continuous fluidized bed reactor for atrazine degradation under anoxic conditions. The GAC was compared with two non‐adsorbing carriers: non‐adsorbing carbon particles (‘Baker product’) having the same surface area available for biofilm growth as the GAC, and sintered glass beads. The initial atrazine degradation efficiency was higher than 90% in the reactors with the non‐adsorbing carriers, but deteriorated to 20% with time due to contamination by foreign denitrifying bacteria. In contrast, no deterioration was observed in the biological granulated activated carbon (BGAC) reactor. A maximal atrazine volumetric and specific degradation rate of 0.820 ± 0.052 g atrazine dm?3 day?1 and 1.7 ± 0.4 g atrazine g?1 protein day?1 respectively were observed in the BGAC reactor. Concurrent atrazine biodegradation and desorption from the carrier was shown and an effluent concentration of 0.002 mg dm?3 (below the EPA standard) was achieved in the BGAC reactor. The advantages of the BGAC reactor over the non‐adsorbing carrier reactors can probably be explained by the adsorption–desorption mechanism providing favorable microenvironmental conditions for atrazine–degrading bacteria. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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采用小型流化床反应器,研究了Ni基载氧体在不同还原气氛(CH4、CO+H2)和不同反应温度(650 ℃、750 ℃、850 ℃、950 ℃)下的反应特性。结果表明:Ni基载氧体在两种气氛下均表现出较高的反应活性,CO+H2气氛下的还原反应比CH4气氛下的还原反应更完全,两个还原过程中均有积炭的产生,CH4气氛下的积炭比CO+H2气氛下的积炭更为严重;在CH4气氛下,温度的升高有利于Ni基载氧体还原反应的进行,同时还原过程中产生的积炭量也随着温度的升高有所增加,但当温度升高到850 ℃后,温度的增加对还原反应的影响不大。另外,相比于Cu基载氧体,Ni基载氧体虽然有更好的反应活性,但在还原过程中更容易产生积炭。 相似文献
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甲烷催化燃烧是一种清洁高效的甲烷燃烧技术,在节能减排中具有重要的应用价值。从催化剂、反应工艺和过程强化等方面对近年来甲烷催化燃烧技术进行综述,重点介绍颗粒催化剂固定床反应工艺、整体式催化剂反应工艺、流化床反应工艺和吸放热耦合反应工艺研究进展。用于固定床反应器的颗粒催化剂主要为负载型贵金属催化剂和非贵金属氧化物催化剂。贵金属催化剂活性好,起燃温度低,适合低浓度甲烷的催化燃烧。非贵金属氧化物催化剂耐高温性好,适合较高浓度甲烷燃烧体系。整体式催化剂的甲烷催化燃烧反应工艺中,最常用的是蜂窝陶瓷和金属合金等整体式催化剂的多段式催化燃烧反应器的设计。设计直接采用多段式整体催化剂,催化剂的位置不同,发挥的催化作用也不同。流化床催化燃烧装置具有燃烧过程接触面积广、热容量大和换热效率高等特点,可有效避免传统的固定床催化燃烧反应工艺存在的问题,非常适合应用于低浓度甲烷的催化燃烧过程。利用甲烷催化燃烧强放热的特点,将催化燃烧产生的热量进行时间或空间的耦合,可以开发出吸-放热耦合反应工艺。其中,固定床催化反应器中的流向变换强制周期操作作为一种高效的过程强化技术,在节约反应器成本的同时,可以提高反应热量的利用率。 相似文献
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This article reports the design and fabrication of open-cell polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) foams as carriers that can promote biofilm growth and organic removal efficiency for biological wastewater treatment in attached growth bioreactors. Open-cell PVDF foams were fabricated by a manufacturing approach that integrated compression molding and particulate leaching. PVDF carriers were structured with two governing factors of leaching agent types (e.g., sodium chloride [NaCl] and sodium acetate [NaOAc]) and contents (e.g., 80 and 90 wt%). Open-cell PVDF foams possessed high porosity and high protected surface area (i.e., more than ×10 to ×20 of the areas of commercialized carriers), which promoted biofilm growth in these carriers. As a successful advantage, PVDF carriers used in the moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) were entirely covered by biofilm in both interior and exterior parts without clogging. This provides strong evidence of the bacterial compatibility of the fabricated open-cell PVDF foam carriers. Moreover, the specific morphology of the PVDF carriers in this article provided superior biofilm protection from the detachment in MBBR. Experimental results revealed that PVDF open-cell foams fabricated by 80 wt% of NaCl demonstrated higher mechanical strength with an organic removal efficiency of 77% ± 7% in the corresponding bioreactor containing them. 相似文献
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为了增强生物膜耐寒性,提高低温环境下移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)硝化性能,本文以投加磁性载体构建新型MBBR反应器(R2),同时以投加商用载体作为对照组(R1),在不同温度(14℃±1℃和9℃±1℃)下长期运行,考察了低温下磁性载体对反应器污染物去除性能和生物膜生长特性的影响,并利用高通量测序技术探究了生物膜微生物的响应关系。结果表明:在整个低温运行阶段(0~60天),R2对COD和氨氮去除效果均优于R1。特别在9℃±1℃时,R1和R2出水氨氮平均浓度分别为11.94mg/L、7.60mg/L,R2对氨氮平均去除率比R1提高了16.2%。低温下,磁性载体明显提高了生物膜硝化活性,并促进了胞外聚合物(EPS)分泌,维持和改善了生物膜的形貌结构。高通量测序结果显示,9℃±1℃下不同载体生物膜的微生物群落结构存在显著差异。两种载体的大多数优势属均能降解有机物;磁性载体富集了更多的硝化菌属,其氨氧化细菌(AOB)和亚硝酸盐氧化细菌(NOB)的相对丰度比商用载体分别提高了1.82倍和1.05倍,并且驯化富集了MND1和Candidatus_Nitrotoga 两种特有硝化菌属。从生物膜特性和硝化菌群丰度的角度解释了两个反应器氨氮去除效果的差异性,表明低温下磁性载体MBBR具有更好的硝化性能,可进一步开发应用。 相似文献
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文章介绍了茂金属催化剂载体的研究新进展,着重介绍了无机载体和有机载体用于茂金属催化剂负载化的研究现状。分别陈述了无机和有机载体的一些常见载体类型,例如硅胶载体和聚苯乙烯载体;并对比了无机载体和有机载体的颗粒形态,强度,表面基团等物理化学性质的差异。研究表明,载体材料本身结构及其物理化学性质对聚合活性,聚合物形态和堆积密度有着直接的作用。进一步探索载体的结构性能与聚合动力学的关系,将对对进一步提高聚合活性,改善聚合物颗粒形态具有深远的意义。 相似文献
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Chemical-looping combustion, CLC, is a combustion concept with inherent separation of CO2. The fuel and combustion air are kept apart by using an oxygen carrier consisting of metal oxide. The oxygen carriers used in this study were prepared from commercially available raw materials by spray-drying. The aim of the study was to subject the particles to long-term operation (>1000 h) with fuel and study changes in particles, with respect to reactivity and physical characteristics. The experiments were carried out in a 10-kW chemical-looping combustor operating with natural gas as fuel. 1016 h of fuel operation were achieved. The first 405 h were accomplished using a single batch of NiO/NiAl2O4-particles. The last 611 h were achieved using a 50/50mass-mixture of (i) particles used for 405 h, and (ii) a second batch of particles similar in composition to the first batch, but with an MgO additive. Thus, at the conclusion of the test series, approximately half of the particles in the reactor system had been subjected to >1000 h of chemical-looping combustion. The reason for mixing the two batches was to improve the fuel conversion. Fuel conversion was better with the mixture of the two oxygen carriers than it was using only the batch of NiO/NiAl2O4-particles. The CO fraction was slightly above the equilibrium fraction at all temperatures. Using the oxygen carrier mixture, the methane fraction was typically 0.4-1% and the combustion efficiency was around 98%. The loss of fines decreased slowly throughout the test period, although the largest decrease was seen during the first 100 h. An estimated particle lifetime of 33 000 h was calculated from the loss of fines. No decrease in reactivity was seen during the test period. 相似文献
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二甲醚一步法合成技术研究进展 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
综述了从合成气直接制取二甲醚的催化剂、固定床工艺和浆态床工艺的研究状况 ,对比了 5种催化剂的组成和性能 ,介绍了日本钢管公司 (NKK)和美国空气产品化学品公司开发的浆态床工艺进展情况 相似文献