生物质成型燃料产业研究现状及发展分析

在论述生物质成型燃料特性及适用性的基础上,介绍生物质成型燃料国内产业发展现状及技术水平,分析了成型燃料在中国的技术、市场、项目建设及模式问题,并对生物质成型燃料产业发展提出了建议.     

生物质固体成型燃料环模成型技术研究进展

综合分析了国内外生物质固体成型燃料环模成型技术、成型设备及产业发展现状.比较了生物质环模颗粒成型机和生物质环模压块成型机的性能和产品,指出了生物质固体成型燃料环模技术及设备存在着基础理论薄弱、原料适应差、易损件寿命短等问题;提出了我国生物质固体成型燃料环模成型技术的发展方向.     

中国生物质固体成型燃料标准体系的研究

我国生物质固体成型燃料技术已基本成熟,但尚未制定相关标准,这对该产业发展是不利的。通过对美国ASTM、欧盟CEN/TC固体生物质燃料标准及燃烧设备标准的分析,并结合我国生物质固体成型燃料产业发展的实际需求,从产业链的角度出发,提出了我国的生物质固体成型燃料标准体系。该体系分为基础标准、通用标准和专用标准3个层次,同时,按轻重缓急的原则提出相关建议。该标准体系的提出有利于规范我国生物质固体成型燃料市场,为产业发展创造良好的市场环境。     

生物质固体成型燃料燃烧监测技术与设备研究

介绍了典型的生物质固体成型燃料自动燃烧器和成型燃料炉排式锅炉,分析了国家相关设备的热工性能检测指标、污染物排放监测指标及国内外成型燃料燃烧设备的监测系统的差距,指出我国目前存在的燃烧设备检测监测标准缺乏、不完善,监测设备独立、单一及未成系统等问题,提出提高燃烧效率,建立统一的评价标准等相关建议,以期为我国生物质固体成型燃料产业发展提供参考。     

生物质成型燃料产业在我国的发展

1生物质成型燃料概念及种类通常,生物质成型燃料是指将干枯的草本类(如农作物秸秆)、木本类(如树枝)植物经粉碎后,在一定的压力作用下压缩成为一种固形物,所以也称之     

生物质压缩成型燃料技术研究综述

1 引言 随着农业和农村经济的发展,生产过程中产生的废弃物不断增加,浪费现象加剧。为了保护人类自身生存的环境,并缓解能源日益短缺的矛盾,必须对越来越多的农业、林业和农副产品加工业的废料以及城镇垃圾等方面的有机物进行处理。因此,一种既能解决环境保护又能生产代用燃料的生物质压缩成型燃料技术已越来越受到人们的重视。近年来,压缩成型燃料已成为为一门新兴的学科和新办的工业,在许多国家崛起,并得到迅速的发展。压缩成型的各种燃料已先后在一些国家中作为商品销售。     

生物质固体成型燃料全生命周期评价

为探讨生物质固体成型燃料的能源效率和温室气体排放量,采用全生命周期评价分析原理,对北京地区以玉米秸秆为原料的生物质固体成型燃料进行全生命周期分析.结果表明:生物质固体成型燃料的净能量为13243.5MJ/t,能量产出投入比为10.8,其中,种植阶段、加工阶段以及秸秆运输能源消费居前三位,分别占总量的58.65％、24.23％、12.58％.CO2当量排放量为11.13g/MJ,约为煤的1/9.这说明生物质固体成型燃料具有较大的节能、减少温室气体排放的效益.     

生物质成型燃料研究现状及进展

本文讨论了发展生物质成型燃料的意义,详细介绍了国内外生物质成型燃料的发展历程及现状,介绍了一些目前采用的新技术和存在的问题.最后对生物质成型燃料的未来进行了展望,指出生物质成型燃料在节能及环保方面将大有作为.     

生物质成型燃料炉具

农作物秸秆、糠渣、谷壳等农林废弃物是宝贵的生物质能资源。生物质成型技术为高效再利用农林废弃物、农作物秸秆等提供了一条很好的途径。文章介绍了一种使用生物质成型燃料的炉具及其设计方法。     

波兰生物质成型燃料的发展及借鉴

波兰具有丰富的生物质资源,拥有完整的生物质成型燃料产业链,近年来随着欧盟生物质能源促进政策的推出与市场需求量,生物质成型燃料产业发展潜力巨大。2010年,生物质成型燃料产量超过1 200万t,相当于近58万t油当量,预计到2030年,生物质能源将达到747×1015J,相当于约1 778万t标煤,其中生物质成型燃料产量占80%以上。文章通过研究波兰生物质成型燃料的发展过程、产业政策、质量标准与评价以及应用等,分析了我国与波兰生物质成型燃料发展的异同,借鉴波兰发展经验,提出了适合我国生物质成型燃料的发展建议,以促进我国生物质成型燃料产业化进程。     

我国生物质固体成型燃料CDM项目开发前景分析

生物质能领域是我国开展CDM项目的重点领域之一,而生物质固体成型燃料技术又是生物质能主要利用技术之一,但目前我国尚未有在EB成功注册的生物质固体成型燃料CDM项目。文章以农业部示范项目为例,分析了我国生物质固体成型燃料产业发展现状、开发CDM项目的可行性、适用方法学及开发潜力,认为在我国开发生物质固体成型燃料CDM项目是可行的并具有较好的开发前景,建议开发专门的小规模方法学用于指导该领域CDM项目的开发,促进其产业化发展。     

Food-energy-environment trilemma: Policy impacts on farmland use and biofuel industry development

We present a game-theoretic model to analyze the role of two major biofuel policies in the U.S., namely mandates and subsidies, and their implications to biofuel industry development. By characterizing the farmers' land use decision (land allocation among food, energy, and reservation) and biofuel firm's mandate compliance strategy (whether to comply with the mandate or not), we identify the complementarity roles of mandate and subsidy. We further illustrate the impact of coordination in the two policy instruments; lack of coordination may result in excessive biofuel mandate in the early stage of industry development, while it may lead to insufficient mandate during the matured stage. With a case study based on the U.S. Midwest, we address recent trends in the U.S. biofuel industry and further discuss related policy insights.     

Factors affecting strength and durability of densified biomass products

Effectiveness of a densification process to create strong and durable bonding in densified products such as pellets, briquettes, and cubes can be determined by testing the strength (i.e., compressive resistance, impact resistance, and water resistance), and durability (i.e., abrasion resistance) of the densified products. These tests can indicate the maximum force/stress that the densified products can withstand, and the amount of fines produced during handling, transportation, and storage. In this article, the procedures used for measuring the strength and durability of the densified products are discussed. The effects of constituents of the feed such as starch, protein, fiber, fat, lignin and extractives; feed moisture content; feed particle size and its distribution; feed conditioning temperature/preheating of feed; added binders; and densification equipment variables (forming pressure, and pellet mill and roll press variables) on the strength and durability of the densified products are reviewed. This article will help select process parameters to produce strong and durable densified products from new biomass feedstocks or animal feed formulations. Guidelines for developing standards on criteria for the acceptance levels of strength and durability of the densified products are presented.     

Characterization of Canadian biomass for alternative renewable biofuel

Biomass represents the renewable energy source and their use reduces the consumption of fossil fuels and limits the emission of CO₂, SO_x, NO_x and heavy metals. They are used in pyrolysis, gasification, combustion and co-combustion. Present study aims to highlight the common biomass available in Canada such as wheat straw, barley straw, flax straw, timothy grass and pinewood. The biomass samples were collected form Saskatoon, Canada and examined for their physical and chemical characteristics using static bomb calorimeter, XRD, TGA, ICP-MS, CHNSO, FT-IR and FT-NIR. The biomass samples were subjected to three-step extraction process, i.e. hexane, alcohol and water extraction separately, after extraction the raffinate biomass was acid hydrolyzed. The acid soluble fractions, which mainly contained degraded sugars, were analysed by HPLC and the lignin content was determined using acid insoluble fraction. The hexane extract (i.e. waxes), alcohol extract and lignin were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy. Among all the biomass samples pinewood shows lower ash and lignin content, while shows higher calorific value, cellulose and hemicellulose content. The appreciable amount of hexane soluble in pinewood was due to the presence of terpene hydrocarbons. However among the agricultural biomass samples barley straw shows higher ash, wax and lignin content compared to wheat and flax straw. All these properties combined together have shown that pinewood, wheat and flax can act as the potential candidates for bio-energy production.     

生物质固化成型燃料引火助燃剂的试验研究

对生物质固化成型燃料(Densified biomass briquette fuel,DBBF)引火助燃剂进行了试验研究。以LLA-6型户用生物质炉具为试验装置,选取3种废弃液体燃料为原料,按不同的体积比制成15种液体引火助燃剂,对助燃剂的不同用量进行了试验研究。结果表明,助燃剂JC15和CJ51均能在1min内顺利将DBBF引燃,在助燃剂JC15用量为8～9mL时,40s即可使炉火达到炊事要求,大大缩短了不加助燃剂时燃料的引燃时间。引火助燃剂的研究解决了DBBF点火难和使用不方便的问题,为DBBF的大规模推广提供了前提保障。     

Development of energy and emission parameters for densified form of lignocellulosic biomass

The environmental performance of production and distribution of densified form of lignocellulosic biomass (i.e., agri-residue based pellets) in Western Canada in terms of energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission was assessed. The results show that energy usage and resulted emissions are highest in field activities especially if emission and energy are attributed to straw in farming stage where nitrogen fertilizer is the highest contributor. Significant reduction of energy use (64%) and emission (65%) are possible if the organic fertilizer is used in farming. Adopting the zero tillage option instead of conventional practice results in energy saving (10%) and emission reduction (8%). From the scenario analyses it is also evident that using biomass as an energy source during drying or no drying in pellet production stage or using alternate mode (i.e., truck and train) of transport for pellet delivery result in less than 5% reduction of the energy use and emissions compared to the base case. Agri-pellet has the potential to offset substantial amount of GHG emission compared to other fuel sources including wood pellets. The energy and emission of production chain of agri-pellets may vary between countries but overall trend compared to other fuel sources would be similar.     

生物质能产业发展难在哪？

作为一种新兴可再生能源,生物质能什么时候才能实现产业化?日前,记者带着这一疑问采访了广州能源研究所所长吴创之等有关专家.专家认为,到2020年前后,生物质能产业将初步形成规模,在能源结构中占有重要的位置.但如果没有合理有效的政策引导,生物质能产业很难实现真正的规模化、商业化.     

Modeling biomass procurement tradeoffs within a cellulosic biofuel cost model

We develop a long-run cellulosic biofuel cost model that minimizes feedstock procurement and processing costs per gallon. The distinguishing feature of the model is that it accounts for the procurement tradeoff between the intensive margin (biomass producers' participation rate) and extensive margin (biomass capture region). To investigate the extent to which this procurement tradeoff affects processors' cost-minimizing decisions, we apply the model to switchgrass ethanol production in U.S. crop reporting districts. Results suggest that location characteristics will determine the extent to which processors can reduce their total procurement costs by offering a higher biomass price to increase participation near the plant and reduce transportation costs.     

Upgraded biofuel from residue biomass by Thermo-Catalytic Reforming and hydrodeoxygenation

Research is focused on the utilisation of waste or residue biomass for bioenergy conversion. A promising conversion technology for the production of liquid biofuels from residue biomass is a process called Thermo-Catalytic Reforming (TCR^®​) which is a combination of prior thermal treatment of the biomass at mild temperatures (intermediate pyrolysis) followed by a second catalytic treatment step at elevated temperatures (reforming). This article focuses on the conversion of TCR^® liquids from digestate as a feedstock for subsequent hydrocarbon production. The generated bio-oil showed a lower heating value of 34.0 MJ kg⁻¹ with an oxygen content of 7.0% and a water content of 2.2%. The bio-oil was hydrodeoxygenated using an industrial NiMo–Al₂O₃ catalyst at temperatures of 503 K–643 K and a pressure of 14 MPa. The hydrodeoxygenated bio-oil reached a lower heating value of 42.3 MJ kg⁻¹ with an oxygen content below 0.8 mg kg⁻¹ and water content of 30 ppm. Product yields and catalyst life give confidence that upgrading of the TCR^®​ bio-oil offers a suitable option to meet the high standards of common fuels.