带有圆弧形凸槽金属薄壁圆管抗撞性优化设计

在金属薄壁圆管（原模型）上设置圆弧形凸槽诱导结构并以其为研究对象,建立以凸槽个数及其半径为设计变量, 以比吸能(SEA)最大化和最大峰值碰撞力( )最小化的多目标优化模型。在保证不影响薄壁构件吸能能力的情况下,通过对其结构的优化达到最大峰值碰撞力最小化的目的。采用有限元软件LS-DYNA得到不同几何参数模型的碰撞信息,结合径向基函数法构造近似函数,并采用理想点法求解多目标优化问题。分析了凸槽个数和半径对薄壁构件的比吸能和最大峰值碰撞力的影响,得到了理想的优化模型,为进一步研究实际吸能元件奠定基础。     

矩形截面锥形薄壁管关于能量吸收和初始碰撞力峰值的优化

以矩形截面锥形薄壁管为吸能元件,从吸能能力和轻量化角度出发,以比吸能和比吸能与初始碰撞力峰值的比值为优化目标函数,采用响应面法,利用有限元软件LS-DYNA,分析了矩形截面锥形薄壁管结构的几何参数对其比吸能和比吸能与初始碰撞力峰值的比值的影响,得到了各自优化模型下的最优结果,为汽车结构吸能元件的设计提供参考。     

稳态热传导结构非概率可靠性拓扑优化设计

研究具有区间参数的稳态热传导结构在散热弱度非概率可靠性约束下的拓扑优化设计问题。建立了以单元相对导热系数为设计变量,导热材料体积极小化为目标函数,满足散热弱度非概率可靠性为约束条件的稳态热传导结构的拓扑优化设计数学模型。基于区间因子法,推导出散热弱度的均值及离差的计算表达式。采用渐进结构优化法的求解策略与方法,并利用过滤技术消除优化过程中的数值不稳定性现象。通过算例验证文中模型及求解策略、方法的合理性和有效性。     

汽车前纵梁吸能盒结构耐撞性多目标优化

吸能盒上诱导槽的分布形式对汽车碰撞性能有很大影响.以汽车前纵梁吸能盒结构为对象,建立整车正面碰撞仿真模型,对吸能盒结构的耐撞性进行了多目标优化设计.以吸能盒上诱导槽之间的间距为设计变量,使用Hammersley方法采集样本点后,以车辆吸能盒的最大吸能量E、最大刚性墙反力F以及车身最大加速度a为目标函数,通过krigin...     

基于6σ的车身噪声传递函数稳健优化设计

为提高设计稳健性,将6σ稳健优化设计引入车身噪声传递函数优化过程。将6σ质量管理、可靠性设计稳健设计相结合,考虑设计变量、约束条件目标函数在内所有不确定性信息,不仅满足优化目标函数、提高系统可靠性要求,使系统响应均方差最小化,即提高稳健性。以某型汽车为例,在汽车声固耦合有限元模型基础上采用基于试验设计的二阶多项式响应面模型,以车身总质量一阶模态频率为约束条件驾驶员耳旁声压级响应均方根值为目标函数,在基本随机变量概率特性已知情况下对车身噪声传递函数进行6σ稳健优化设计,与传统确定性优化设计相比表明该方法的有效性。     

具有不同诱导槽结构的薄壁圆管抗撞性优化

在金属薄壁圆管（原模型）的基础上,分别引入不同形式的圆弧形诱导槽结构并以其为研究对象,建立以诱导槽半径、槽端距、槽间距为优化参数, 以比吸能和最大峰值碰撞力为评价指标的多目标优化模型。分析研究了诱导凹槽、凸槽及凸凹交替的诱导槽结构对薄壁构件吸能、最大峰值碰撞力的影响。采用有限元软件LS-DYNA得到不同几何参数模型的碰撞响应,结合径向基函数法构造近似函数,并采用理想点法进行优化设计,得出使结构最优时的不同形式的诱导槽半径、槽端距及槽间距,从而得到了不同形式的理想诱导槽优化结构。     

乘用车-载货汽车追尾碰撞相容性结构优化设计

对一种已获得专利的新型货车后防护结构进行碰撞相容性优化设计,建立了该结构的乘用车-货车追尾碰撞有限元模型,并通过实车碰撞试验验证了模型有效性。为提高碰撞相容性,制定了防护架最大的吸能和乘用车前部最小的变形量两个优化目标函数,并设计了优化设计参数变量及其变化范围,采用正交化试验方法对16组参数进行了有限元仿真,并对优化目标的影响因素进行了显著性分析,最后,对得到最优的设计方案进行了实车碰撞试验     

随机参数平面连续体结构的频率拓扑优化设计

摘 要 研究几何和物理参数均为随机变量的平面连续体结构在结构基频约束下的拓扑优化设计问题。以结构总质量均值极小化为目标函数,以结构的形状拓扑信息为设计变量,以结构基频概率可靠性指标为约束条件,构建了随机结构拓扑优化设计数学模型。利用代数综合法,导出了随机参数结构动力响应的均值和均方差的计算表达式。采用渐进结构优化的求解策略与方法,通过两个算例验证了文中模型及求解方法的合理性和可行性。     

飞机总体设计中的一种多目标鲁棒优化方法

 提出一种基于灵敏度的多目标鲁棒优化方法。针对各维设计变量存在扰动的情况,在原约束多目标优化模型上,附加偏差目标函数,并采用最差估计法对约束条件进行鲁棒可行性调整。采用全局敏度方程方法来计算目标函数和约束函数对设计变量的敏度,进而采用Pareto遗传算法搜索约束多目标优化问题的非劣解集,设计者可以根据不同的设计准则从中选择合适的设计点。将上述方法用于飞机总体参数优化设计,并与采用常规优化方法所得的优化结果进行了分析和比较。     

模糊参数平面连续体结构的拓扑优化设计

研究了具有模糊参数的连续体结构在模糊载荷作用下的拓扑优化设计问题。利用信息熵将模糊变量转换为随机变量,构建了随机载荷作用下的随机参数的连续体结构的拓扑优化设计数学模型,以结构的形状拓扑信息为设计变量,结构总质量均值极小化为目标函数,满足单元应力可靠性为约束条件,利用分布函数法对应力可靠性约束进行了等价显式化处理。基于随机因子法,利用代数综合法导出了应力响应的数字特征的计算表达式。采用双方向渐进结构优化(BESO)方法求解。通过两个算例验证了该文模型及求解方法的合理性和有效性。     

Interval-Based Uncertain Multi-Objective Optimization Design of Vehicle Crashworthiness

In this paper, an uncertain multi-objective optimization method is suggested to deal with crashworthiness design problem of vehicle, in which the uncertainties of the parameters are described by intervals. Considering both lightweight and safety performance, structural weight and peak acceleration are selected as objectives. The occupant distance is treated as constraint. Based on interval number programming method, the uncertain optimization problem is transformed into a deterministic optimization problem. The approximation models are constructed for objective functions and constraint based on Latin Hypercube Design (LHD). Thus, the interval number programming method is combined with the approximation model to solve the uncertain optimization problem of vehicle crashworthiness efficiently. The present method is applied to two practical full frontal impact (FFI) problems.     

磁流变液的汽车碰撞缓冲吸能装置设计

为了解决目前汽车保险杠刚度不可控、对不同碰撞环境适应性差的问题,针对磁流变液流变特性可控且吸能量大的特点,设计出阻尼力可控的保险杠缓冲吸能装置。以最大阻尼力和动态范围为优化目标,采用Matlab遗传算法对结构参数进行优化。分别建立装有传统吸能式保险杠和装有磁流变液缓冲吸能装置的整车碰撞模型,进行碰撞仿真实验。仿真结果表明:装有磁流变液缓冲吸能装置的汽车整车变形和最大碰撞力明显减小,可以有效减小对人员的伤害,提高汽车的被动安全性。     

Multi-Disciplinary Optimization for Multi-Objective Uncertainty Design of Thin Walled Beams

The focus of this paper is concentrated on multi-disciplinary and multi-objective optimization for thin walled beam systems considering safety, normal mode, static loading-bearing and weight, in which the uncertainties of the parameters are described via intervals. The size and shape of the cross-section are treated as design parameters during optimization. Considering the lightweight and safety, the design problem is formulated with two individual objectives to measure structural weight and maximum energy absorption, respectively, constrained by the average force, normal mode and maximum stress. The optimization problem with uncertainties is further transformed into a deterministic optimization based on interval number programming. The approximation models, coupled with the design of experiment (DOE) technique, are employed to construct objective functions and constraints. The uncertain optimization problem characterized with these approximation models is performed and applied to a practical thin walled beam design problems.     

汽车车身耐撞性设计参数的区间稳健性优化

基于区间分析,提出了一种考虑公差的汽车车身耐撞性稳健优化设计模型,可在有效降低耐撞性能对设计参数波动敏感性的同时实现公差范围的最大化。该模型首先利用对称公差来描述汽车碰撞模型中车身关键耐撞部件的主要尺寸、位置和形状等设计参数本身的不确定性,然后将参数设计和公差设计相结合,建立了以稳健性评价指标和公差评价指标为优化目标,设计变量名义值和公差同步优化的多目标优化模型。再次,利用区间可能度处理不确定约束,将该优化模型转换为确定性多目标优化模型。最后,将该模型应用于两个汽车耐撞性优化设计问题,并通过序列二次规划法和改进的非支配排序遗传算法进行求解,结果表明该方法及稳健优化设计模型可行且实用。     

An alternative approach for addressing the failure probability-safety factor method with sensitivity analysis

The paper introduces a method for solving the failure probability-safety factor problem for designing engineering works proposed by Castillo et al. that optimizes an objective function subject to the standard geometric and code constraints, and two more sets of constraints that simultaneously guarantee given safety factors and failure probability bounds associated with a given set of failure modes. The method uses the dual variables and is especially convenient to perform a sensitivity analysis, because sensitivities of the objective function and the reliability indices can be obtained with respect to all data values. To this end, the optimization problems are transformed into other equivalent ones, in which the data parameters are converted into artificial variables, and locked to their actual values. In this way, some variables of the associated dual problems become the desired sensitivities. In addition, using the proposed methodology, calibration of codes based on partial safety factors can be done. The method is illustrated by its application to the design of a simple rubble mound breakwater and a bridge crane.     

Optimal design of composite ChamberCore structures

An optimization procedure has been developed to uniquely and efficiently determine the “best” local geometry design of a new composite ChamberCore structure. This procedure is based on minimization of the total mass of a single composite ChamberCore subject to a set of design and stress constraints. The stress constraints are obtained in closed form based on the composite box-beam model for various composite lamination designs and loading conditions. The optimization problem statement is constructed and then solved using the VMCON optimization program, which is an iterative sequential quadratic programming (SQP) technique based on Powell's algorithm. The sensitivity of the solution of the optimal geometry to the values of parameters that characterize the structural durability and the failure mechanism is discussed.     

缓冲区容量约束下发动机混流装配线排序研究

为解决缓冲区容量约束下发动机混流装配排序问题,以关键部件消耗均匀化和最大完工时间最小化为目标,建立了优化数学模型,设计了一种多目标遗传算法,采用了混合交叉算子和启发式变异方法,并设计了基于帕累托分级和共享函数的适应度函数,将多目标遗传算法和多目标模拟退火算法的优化结果进行了比较。研究结果表明,多目标遗传算法在满意度和计算效率方面均优于多目标模拟退火算法,是一种有效的混流装配线排序问题求解算法。     

排爆机械臂多目标轨迹规划研究

针对排爆机械臂轨迹规划问题,提出多目标轨迹规划方法。建立三次样条曲线分段轨迹描述方程,采用外加虚拟点法保证三次样条曲线可任意指定轨迹初始速度、加速度,提出灵活性优化目标以提高机构灵活性;将优化目标及运动学约束以轨迹方程参数表示,转化为对各段运动时间的寻优;采用CNSGA-II对排爆机械臂运动进行多目标轨迹优化,处理非线性约束最优化,建立排爆机械臂多目标轨迹规划算法流程。结果表明,该方法能有效提高规划结果灵活性,各项目标均优于线性加权单目标规划,所得轨迹平滑可控。     

Optimal structure of fault-tolerant software systems

This paper considers software systems consisting of fault-tolerant components. These components are built from functionally equivalent but independently developed versions characterized by different reliability and execution time. Because of hardware resource constraints, the number of versions that can run simultaneously is limited. The expected system execution time and its reliability (defined as probability of obtaining the correct output within a specified time) strictly depend on parameters of software versions and sequence of their execution. The system structure optimization problem is formulated in which one has to choose software versions for each component and find the sequence of their execution in order to achieve the greatest system reliability subject to cost constraints. The versions are to be chosen from a list of available products. Each version is characterized by its reliability, execution time and cost.The suggested optimization procedure is based on an algorithm for determining system execution time distribution that uses the moment generating function approach and on the genetic algorithm. Both N-version programming and the recovery block scheme are considered within a universal model. Illustrated example is presented.     

Reliability‐based topology optimization of structures under stress constraints

In this paper, we propose an approach for reliability‐based design optimization where a structure of minimum weight subject to reliability constraints on the effective stresses is sought. The reliability‐based topology optimization problem is formulated by using the performance measure approach, and the sequential optimization and reliability assessment method is employed. This strategy allows for decoupling the reliability‐based topology optimization problem into 2 steps, namely, deterministic topology optimization and reliability analysis. In particular, the deterministic structural optimization problem subject to stress constraints is addressed with an efficient methodology based on the topological derivative concept together with a level‐set domain representation method. The resulting algorithm is applied to some benchmark problems, showing the effectiveness of the proposed approach.