空气源热泵热水器系统的模拟计算

空气源热泵热水器已经成为一种新兴的热水器形式,从压缩机、冷凝器、节流阀和蒸发器四大部件出发,建立了各自的数学模型,尤其对冷凝器和蒸发器,建立了精确度相对较高的稳态分布参数分段模型。并对系统稳态运行性能进行了模拟分析。主要探讨空气进口参数、冷却水进口参数和流量对系统的影响。结果表明。当冷却水进水温度为20℃,回水温度为50．5℃时,冷却水流量可达到1．8kg／min。系统制热系数可达4．2。可见,空气源热泵热水器是一种比较有前景的节能技术。     

基于层次分析法的家用空气源热泵热水器发展趋势预测

空气源热泵热水器是根据逆卡诺原理制成的节能热水器。叙述了利用层次分析法,对家用型空气源热泵热水器发展趋势的分析与预测。     

新型节能热水器——空气源热泵热水器（机组）

众所周知，电热水器是一个用电热棒放在水箱中加热并用于洗浴的热水装置。如果需要100升水，温度由15℃提高到55℃，则实际需耗热能4000大卡。4000大卡的热能，如由电热水器来提供，需耗电4．65kWh，因为一个kWh电如果100％转化成热能，也只有860大卡。然而日前在上海市场上看到的清华索兰热泵热水器则仅耗电1．3kWh，节电率高达70％。     

空气源热泵热水器全生命周期碳排放研究

将全生命周期评价方法应用于空气源热泵热水器的碳排放研究,将其全生命周期分为生产、使用和报废处理3个阶段,计算其各个生命阶段碳排放。结果表明:在其全生命周期各个阶段中,使用阶段的碳排放在总排放中具有最大贡献,超过97%。生产材料的使用原本会引起较大的排放量,但由于回收利用抵消了大部分的二氧化碳排放,因此降低其碳排放的主要措施为提高能效和运行节能。     

空气源热泵热水器节流特性实验与分析

对自行开发的空气源热泵热水器在全工况下热力膨胀阀的特性进行了实验研究,结合热力学理论分析了全工况下关键参数的变化规律,分析了过热度在不同环境温度下的变化规律以及造成该现象的原因。分析表明,当热泵热水器在低温工况下工作时,热力膨胀阀就会表现出与在高温环境下不同的工作特性,如何利用这个特点优化蒸发器的过热度设计是一个值得深入探讨的问题。     

几种空气源热泵热水器工质的实验研究

对三种混合工质(TJM01、TJM02、TJM03)的基本物理性质、安全环保性及溶油性进行了分析,又通过实验对三种混合工质的循环系统性能进行了分析。分析结果表明,三种混合工质在安全环保性和溶油性方面的差别都很小;在基本物性方面,TJM03较好;在系统性能方面,TJM03性能较好,而TJM01性能一般,TJM02性能较差。     

空气源热泵热水器与电热水器耦合选型研究

阐述了空气源热泵热水器选型的影响因素,对冷热水温度、干球温度、相对湿度和设备COP、结霜等影响因素进行了说明,给出了空气源热泵热水器和电热水器耦合使用时的选型方法,并利用贴现指标法对二者按不同配置时的经济效益进行比较分析,从而获取最优配比。     

独具魅力的空气源热泵热水器

热泵产品是当今世界最先进的节能产品之一。21世纪,由于能源需求的不断增加,能源价格的不断攀升,资源环境的不断破坏,人们对新能源的开发和利用也越来越重视,经过改进并发展成熟的热泵技术以其高效、节能、环保等特点,重新登上历史舞台,成为当代最有价值的新能源技术,并逐步被更多的用户所接受。     

混合制冷剂在空气源热泵热水器系统中替代R22的可行性研究

空气源热泵热水器系统所用制冷剂主要包括R410A,R407C,R134a,它们的GWP值较高,会对大气环境造成不利影响.将R1234ze/R152a,R290/R1234ze,R152a/R134a分别按一定比例组成混合制冷剂,通过理论分析混合制冷剂的环境影响指数、热力学性能、安全性以及经济性能等因素,并与R410A,...     

空气源热泵热水器在寒冷地区冬季的能效分析

对一台家用空气源热泵热水器进行冬季性能测试,研究室外空气温度、水箱温度不同时机组性能变化。基于测试数据分析影响机组性能的敏感因素,依据所得天津地区实测数据分析其冬季平均能效。结果表明：COP最低为1.30,具有节能效果;保证用水舒适度及机组运行稳定的情况下,45 ℃为水箱最佳设定温度;室外空气温度偏移较水箱平均温度偏移对系统性能更敏感;测试工况下热泵机组单独工作和启动电辅加热时全冬季的平均能效相差甚微,若用户设定机组在日最高温度时段开启加热,能获得更好的节能效果。     

Seasonal performance rating of heat pump water heaters

Seasonal performance evaluation methods for water heaters are reviewed and an experimental method for rating air-source heat pump water heaters is presented. The rating method is based on measured heat pump performance during heat-up operation of particular products rather than a generic simulation model of heat pump performance. The measured performance is used in a correlation model of the heat pump unit in an annual load-cycle system performance simulation based on the TRNSYS simulation package.     

Performance of commercially available solar and heat pump water heaters

Many countries are using policy incentives to encourage the adoption of energy-efficient hot water heating as a means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Such policies rely heavily on assumed performance factors for such systems. In-situ performance data for solar and heat pump hot water systems, however, are not copious in the literature. Otago University has been testing some systems available in New Zealand for a number of years. The results obtained are compared to international studies of in-situ performance of solar hot water systems and heat pump hot water systems, by converting the results from the international studies into a single index suitable for both solar and heat pump systems (COP). Variability in the international data is investigated as well as comparisons to model results. The conclusions suggest that there is not too much difference in performance between solar systems that have a permanently connected electric boost backup and heat pump systems over a wide range of environmental temperatures. The energy payback time was also calculated for electric boost solar flat plate systems as a function of both COP and hot water usage for a given value of embodied energy. The calculations generally bode well for solar systems but ensuring adequate system performance is paramount. In addition, such systems generally favour high usage rates to obtain good energy payback times.     

空气能热泵热水器的现状及展望

近年来空气能热泵热水器因其明显的安全性、节能性,受到了广大消费者的关注,显示出巨大的市场潜力。本文简要介绍国内空气能热泵热水器的发展背景、运行机理及研发现状,并与传统三大热水器作了比较分析,概括说明空气能热泵热水器国内的市场状况,指出该产品目前亟待解决的问题。     

中高温空气源热泵热水器的工质优选

热泵热水器的工质对机组的性能和热水器的出水温度都有较大的影响,是研发高性能热泵热水器的重要课题之一。对目前热泵热水器常用的工质、部分中高温热泵工质以及新开发的中高温热泵热水器工质TJR01从基本物性、安全性、环保性、溶油性进行了分析,又通过CSD方程对循环特性进行了计算和分析。结果表明,新工质TJR01直接充灌到R22压缩机里,既能保证热水器的出水温度要求,又能保证机组高效稳定运行。     

Performance analysis of an air-source heat pump using an immersed water condenser

A distributed model of an air-source heat pump (ASHP) system and its experimental setup using an immersed water condenser were presented. Dynamic performance of the ASHP was then evaluated by both simulation and experiment. The results indicated that the system coefficient of performance (COP) decreased as the condenser temperature increased, ranging from 4.41 to 2.32 with the average COP equaling 3.29 during the experiment. Comparisons between simulation results and experimental measurements demonstrated that the model was able to yield satisfactory predictions. Furthermore, temperature profiles of the refrigerant in the evaporator and condenser were also given. This paper provides the theoretical and experimental background for ASHP system optimization and a valuable reference for a solar air-source heat pump water heater when the solar irradiation energy is insufficient on cloudy or rainy days.     

Performance analysis of an air-source heat pump using an immersed water condenser

A distributed model of an air-source heat pump (ASHP) system and its experimental setup using an immersed water condenser were presented. Dynamic performance of the ASHP was then evaluated by both simulation and experiment. The results indicated that the system coefficient of performance (COP) decreased as the condenser temperature increased, ranging from 4.41 to 2.32 with the average COP equaling 3.29 during the experiment. Comparisons between simulation results and experimental measurements demonstrated that the model was able to yield satisfactory predictions. Furthermore, temperature profiles of the refrigerant in the evaporator and condenser were also given. This paper provides the theoretical and experimental background for ASHP system optimization and a valuable reference for a solar air-source heat pump water heater when the solar irradiation energy is insufficient on cloudy or rainy days.     

Experimental research and operation optimization of an air-source heat pump water heater

In order to optimize design and operation strategy of air-source heat pump water heater, an experimental set-up and simulation model were constructed. Also, a methodology of optimizing operation, which takes into account thermostatic and timing control patterns, was presented and applied. Experimental results indicated that the average COP ranged from 2.82 to 5.51 under typical conditions. The recommended outside area ratio of condenser coil to evaporator is 0.14−0.31 when the evaporator outside area is between 6.0 and 6.5 m² for this set-up. The optimal start-up time was between 12:00 and 14:00 if there was no electricity price difference between day and night, or it was near 22:00. The optimal setting water temperature should be adjusted according to the variation of seasonal ambient temperature. It was suggested that, based on this set-up, setting water temperature should be set higher than 46 °C in summer and 50 °C in other seasons.     

Energy consumption modeling of air source electric heat pump water heaters

Electric heat pump air source water heaters may provide an opportunity for significant improvements in residential water heater energy efficiency in countries with temperate climates. As the performance of these appliances can vary widely, it is important for consumers to be able to accurately assess product performance in their application to maximise energy savings and ensure uptake of this technology. For a given ambient temperature and humidity, the performance of an air source heat pump water heater is strongly correlated to the water temperature in or surrounding the condenser. It is therefore important that energy consumption models for these products duplicate the real-world water temperatures applied to the heat pump condenser.This paper examines a recently published joint Australian and New Zealand Standard, AS/NZS 4234: 2008; Heated water systems – Calculation of energy consumption. Using this standard a series TRNSYS models were run for several split type air source electric heat pump water heaters. An equivalent set of models was then run utilizing an alternative water use pattern. Unfavorable errors of up to 12% were shown to occur in modeling of heat pump water heater performance using the current standard compared to the alternative regime. The difference in performance of a model using varying water use regimes can be greater than the performance difference between models of product.     

太阳热水器与空气源热泵辅助加热集中供热水系统的工程设计

结合实例论述宾馆用太阳热水器与空气源热泵辅助集中供洗浴热水系统的工程设计方法,并着重介绍了空气源热泵的配置、布局、安装和控制.