风景景观工程体系化

本文寻求认识风景世界的规律,建立“风景景观工程体系”,包括风景景观概念框架、风景景观价值观念框架、风景分析评价理论综合框架等,并编制了风景分析评价与规划设计软件包。     

风景区建筑景观与风景关系的研究——谈贵州西线风景建筑

本文从建筑景观类型、建筑景观的风景层次,以及建筑景观与风景价值方面,探讨人文建筑景观与风景的关系。     

风景景观概念框架

1、风景景观概念框架图0是本文建立的风景景观概念框架,它由景园意境、风情、景象、景色、园林境界、山水、风光、景致8个基本概念要素以立体形式构成。其中,前4个要素组成风景景观概念的主观层面,概括了典型的风景感受形式和结果,对此,我们称之为风景;而后4个要素则组成风景景观概念的客观层面,概括了典型的景观客观存在的形式,对此,我们称之为景观.     

试论地缘相临风景名胜区的特色构建--以太湖国家风景名胜区苏州东山景区、西山景区、光福景区为例

在分析地缘相临风景名胜区总体特征的基础上,通过对风景资源归类分析、景观要素异质性分析、典型景观风貌特征提取等手段,对该类风景名胜区特色构建的途径作了尝试和探讨,并提出了地缘相临风景名胜区特色构建的保障措施.     

英国景观特征评估体系与我国风景名胜区评价体系的比较研究

在回顾英国景观特征评估体系产生和演化背景的基础上,分析了景观特征等概念,研究了景观特征评估体系在英国法定自然美景区中的应用,并将其特点归纳为价值中立和尺度分级、多样化的景观特征提取、单独分离的决策过程3个方面;同时将LCA景观特征评估体系与我国风景名胜区中广泛应用的风景资源评价体系进行了比较,结合我国风景名胜区发展的现状,提出我国可以在景观遗产价值的评估、景观遗产可持续发展概念的再认识、公众参与制度的进一步完善3个方面借鉴景观特征评估体系的经验。     

城市边缘区风景名胜区景观生态问题与对策

城市边缘区风景名胜区作为城市近郊自然生态与人文景观的融合地带,是城市和乡村的发展与资源和环境的保护之间矛盾较为突出的区域,是景观生态学研究的重点和难点领域,处理好这对矛盾对促进风景名胜区、城市和乡村的协调持续发展具有重要的现实意义。依据景观生态学原理和方法,论述了城市边缘区风景名胜区的景观生态特征,深入分析了存在的景观生态问题,并提出了相应的对策措施。对我国城市边缘区风景名胜区的持续发展具有一定的指导意义。     

泰山景观资源的保护与利用

泰山是国家重点风景名胜区 ,是世界自然与文化遗产 ,基于泰山风景名胜区景观资源调研的结果 ,分析泰山在景观资源保护与利用中的主要问题 ,并从风景资源的角度 ,对泰山风景名胜区的规划建设提出一些建议     

风景名胜区建设项目景观影响评价逻辑 及路径研究——以崂山风景名胜区薛家岛景区 为例

生态文明建设及自然保护地体系构建背景下,科学实效的景观影响评价成为风景名胜区建设项目管理的制度性工作。以科学、技术和应用3个层面建构风景名胜区建设项目景观影响评价的逻辑体系：首先,明确景观影响评价的理论基础、内涵及边界;其次,建立景观影响评价的技术流程,多约束条件下划定景观类型区与评价单元,识别景观特征,提取评价要素;第三,以景观格局指数的景观优势度排序判定景观扰动风险度;最后,综合提出敏感性、扰动性、价值性和美学性四方面的建设项目影响评价体系,并结合青岛崂山风景名胜区薛家岛景区某建设项目的景观影响评价来实现场景应用。     

风景名胜区建筑设计——以“齐云山温泉度假养生之都项目”为例

风景名胜区的环境构成应包括自然景观和人为景观,进而由两种景观共生构成一道具有天然气派的风景名胜区。同时,人为景观应为自然景观锦上添花。文章以此设计理念为出发点,结合现代建筑理论中的风景建筑思想,对风景名胜区建筑与周边环境的融合问题展开分析,并提出基本的设计思路。     

耦合多元价值的生态风景道规划研究 ——以乌兰察布四横交通带风景道为例

近年来随着中国对交通运输与旅游融合的重视,风景道的研究与建设被提上日程。基于对生态保护、特色景观与休闲游憩的多元需求,由国内对风景道的研究和一系列实例入手,在传统风景道概念的基础上提出建设居于多元价值的生态风景道。同时,以乌兰察布四横风景道的规划为例,研究了基于形态学空间格局分析的生态网络构建、景观视觉评价的景观节点建设及串联沿途旅游资源的绿道系统建设,在实践中探讨了多元价值目标导向下风景道规划设计的策略和方法。     

Thermo-economic analysis of an ocean thermal power plant for a Nigerian coastal region

This paper presents a thermo-economic analysis of an ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) power plant for a Nigerian coastal region at latitude 4°00′–4°16′N, and longitude 7°16′–7°19′E, whose energy potential is at 22 and 24?K across 1?km from the sea water surface during rainy and dry seasons, respectively. An ammonia closed cycle OTEC plant was designed to constantly supply 100?MW of electricity all year round to the region. The results of the analysis compared favourably with those for similar plants. The plant’s unit cost of energy was found to be 0.11US$/kWh when compared to 0.1US$/kWh for the municipal energy supply. The break-even point was also found to be 12 years. However, as a result of the high initial installed capital cost of 7954.37US$/kW and life cycle cost of 1.30bUS$, only very large organisations would be able to venture into this project.     

Integrierter Ansatz zur Beurteilung eines Aufsuchungsantrages auf Schiefergas in Hessen

In the context of an application for a shale gas exploration license including hydraulic fracturing, the Geological Survey of Hessen (HLNUG) has grouped and ranked structural geological regions in terms of their shale gas potential and the function of overlying rocks as barriers. Tectonic and structural features as well as the type of reservoir have been examined. Rock units overlying the shale gas layers have been classified as hydrogeological units and divided into aquifers and hydraulic barriers. Possible effects on drinking water abstraction facilities, mineral springs and water for industrial use have also been estimated, followed by an analysis of competing requirements for land use. A potential for shale gas can only be identified in a region north of Kassel, covering about 16?% of the claim area. Approximately 65?% of this region is overlapped by protection areas for drinking water and mineral springs, nature reserves and many other areas of public interest.     

Assessing wind energy potential for electricity generation using WECS in eight selected stations of Ethiopia

Wind utilisation for effective electricity generation has dated since last two decades by means of the modern wind turbines and has proved as a mature, reliable and efficient technology. This paper integrates the wind characteristics and performance of selected wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) from eight selected stations within Tigray region in Ethiopia. The wind speed data were collected over a period between 2002 and 2014. Based on the Paci?c Northwest Laboratory (PNL) classification, all the selected stations fall into Class 1. Therefore, these stations may be advised for small-scale power applications. Furthermore, the highest annual energy output achieved was 3902.31?MWh using VESTAS V110 – 2.0 at Mekele.     

考虑结构面震动劣化的岩质边坡动力稳定分析

 通过试验获取结构面震动劣化效应的数学表达式,并将之运用于岩质边坡的动力稳定性分析中。采用3DEC作为计算引擎,在每一动力计算时步内根据动力响应值实时刷新结构面的强度参数,同时由网格净节点力的矢量计算获取该时刻作用于边坡岩体上的地震惯性力。根据极限平衡理论计算该瞬时岩质边坡的稳定性系数,通过动态计算获取整个地震历时过程的稳定性系数时程曲线,以最小平均安全系数作为最终动力稳定性评价指标,从而提出一种考虑结构面震动劣化的岩质边坡动力稳定性计算方法。将该方法运用于汶川地震区岩质边坡实例研究中,稳定性分析结果与实际地质调查情况相符,验证该方法的可行性和工程实用性。     

地下空间功能演变及历史研究脉络对当代城市发展的启示

地下空间形态从点、线、网状发 展到空间的立体化与系统化利用,与城市发 展聚集程度密切相关。地下空间利用在城 市产生之初就具有系统性特征,柯布西耶 等提出的“垂直的田园城市”规划思想对当 代中国地下空间规划及利用具有奠基性意 义。1790至今的研究表明,“地下空间”一 词出现于1980年后地下空间的规模化开发, 2000年之后中国成为地下空间开发及研究 的主战场。中国由于城市发展状况多样、地 理气候多样,地下空间开发模式兼具世界各 国的特征,未来地下空间的开发将吸取国外 地下空间的发展经验,建立多种地下空间开 发模式。     

The impact of 9/11 on the association of ambient air pollution with daily respiratory hospital admissions in a Canada-US border city, Windsor, Ontario

The 11 September 2001 (9/11) terrorist attacks in the United States resulted in long lines of trucks at the border crossing in Windsor, Ontario. Public concern about the potential impact of these trucks spewing toxic pollutants into the air drew attention to the need to investigate the impact of 9/11 on the daily levels of air pollutants and respiratory hospitalization. In this study, significant increases in respiratory admissions were found one month and 6 months post-9/11. Mean daily respiratory admission was also significantly higher than the same period one year earlier and one year later. SO(2) and CO concentration levels were found to be generally higher after 9/11 than one year before and immediately before. Relative risk estimates of respiratory hospitalization after 9/11 showed that SO(2) (RR? = 1.15 for two-day, RR? = 1.18 for three-day, and RR? = 1.21 for five-day averages), NO(2) (RR? = 1.10 for current day), and COH (RR? = 1.09 for current day, RR? = 1.10 for two-day average) had the most significant effects after 9/11. These results suggest the need for more stringent regulatory efforts in air quality in the region in response to the changing transportation dynamics at this Canada-US border crossing.     

电势作用下非饱和黄土水分迁移试验研究

采用自制的试验装置,基于电渗法试验,笔者对以下问题进行了探究:电渗作用能否导致非饱和黄土土体含水量降低？电势、土体含水量水平等因素对非饱和黄土电渗结果有何影响？非饱和黄土电渗时效如何评价？试验结果表明:在电渗作用下,非饱和黄土试样内的水分从正极迁移向负极,达到降低正极区含水量的目的,说明电渗作用能使非饱和黄土土体内的含水量降低;电渗过程中,沿电渗方向的电势大致呈线性分布,电渗电势越大,降低正极区土体含水量的效果越好;由于正极水化反应增强和土体电阻发热量引起了水分耗损,高电势作用下土体内的含水量水平低于低电势作用土样。在试验土样含水量范围,土体初始含水量越低,电渗作用下正极区土体含水量降低值越大,但初始含水量差异引起的正极区含水量变化的差异性不大。电渗作用下非饱和黄土的水分迁移前期快,后期慢,随着电渗时间的延长,正极区含水量会进一步降低,负极区的含水量会进一步升高。     

Presence in Absence: The Formation of Reliquary Shiʿism in Qutb Shahi Hyderabad

This paper focuses on relics as indexical forms of remembrance that are powerful manifestations of the “presence in absence” of the Shi?i saints and Imams. Examples of representational material religious culture in Shi?ism include relics, replicas of tombs (?arī?, tābūt, and ta?ziya), battle standards (?alam), funerary biers (nakhl), sacred foot- and handprints, posters, and votive talismanic objects. Relics assumed a defining role in shaping a specific form of religious material culture that would find spiritual and political valence among the diverse religious and ethnic polities of the Deccan region of south central India during the Qutb Shahi period (ca. 1518–1687 ce). This paper describes how the Qutb Shahi sultans encouraged the translation of Shi?ism from an essentially Persianate form into an Indic and Deccani idiom through several complex processes of translation and indigenization that transformed the ritual-devotional, literary, architectural, and reliquary material practices into systems that were mutually intelligible to a diversity of Hindu and Muslim communities alike.     

山东地区现今地应力场特征与应力积累水平分析

 山东地区地质构造环境十分复杂,历史上曾多次发生中强地震及强震。为深入了解该地区现今构造应力场特征及区域地壳应力积累水平,基于优化处理后的181组地应力实测数据,采用回归分析法全面分析了该地区地应力量值随深度的分布特征,并依据地壳应力积累理论,探讨了区域应力积累水平和地壳稳定性。结果表明,该地区地应力状态主要以?H＞?h＞?v型和?H＞?v＞?h型为主,应力状态类型与深度有一定关系;3个主应力?H,?h和?v均随深度呈近似线性增加的关系,应力变化梯度值分别为0.024 2,0.018 0,0.025 8;3个侧压系数KH,Kh和Kav随深度呈近似双曲线分布,随着深度的增加分别向1.46,0.89,1.17趋近;水平差应力相对大小μd更接近于线性分布,随着深度的增加趋向于0.24;最大水平主应力优势方向整体表现为NWW-SEE向,但NEE-SWW向也占有较大比例,优势方位统计结果与世界应力图2016及板块间作用相吻合;沂沭断裂带西侧区域最大水平主应力优势方向整体呈NEE-SWW向,而其东侧区域整体呈NWW-SEE向。?m能较好地反映地壳应力积累能力,?m值主要集中在0.3～0.5,0.2～0.3范围内,该地区的应力积累水平整体上处于中低程度,地壳浅层处于相对稳定状态。逆断型应力状态的?m值主要集中在0.2～0.3范围内,应力积累水平以较低程度为主;走滑型应力状态的?m值主要集中在0.3～0.5范围内,应力积累水平以中等程度为主。     

General material properties of Denizli (SW Turkey) travertines as a building stone

The quality and material properties of Denizli travertine as a natural building stone have been investigated. The Denizli region is one of the world’s major travertine deposits and production basins. Travertine blocks are extracted from over fifty quarries in the region. In this study, investigations and evaluations of experimental test results of travertine samples from six areas (Kakl?k–Kocaba?, Honaz–Emirazizli, A?a??da?dere, Akköy, Karaçay and Çivril), which represent the entire Denizli basin, are presented. Kakl?k–Kocaba? is the biggest production area in the region, and therefore most of the quarries are located in this area. Physical, mechanical, micro-structural and macro-structural properties of the travertine samples are evaluated within the scope of stone quality assessment. Variations of test results by area are presented, and correlations between them are proposed. Test results are also compared with the results of various studies from Turkey and other parts of the world.