TCPW-REAL：基于无线网络的TCPW改进协议

传统的TCP协议在有线网络中能够良好地工作,但用于无线网络时则性能有所下降.其原因在于,传统的TCP协议无法分辨网络丢包原因,如网络拥塞、链路断开、信道错误或者链路改变.为了提高TCP协议在无线网络中的性能,提出了TCPW-REAL协议,该方案参考了TCPW协议,通过改变其时应答包流的计算方式来时带宽进行更精确的估测.同时,给出了TCPW-REAL的算法并利用仿真对算法进行了验证.分析和仿真结果表明,该方案能够有效地改进TCPW在无线网络的性能.     

一种与IPSec兼容的基于有线/无线混合网络的TCP性能优化机制

传统的TCP协议,假设丢包都是由网络拥塞造成的,这不适用于错误丢包比拥塞丢包更容易发生的无线链路,而且现有的很多改进方案无法用于加密通讯中.在分析现有改进算法的基础上,提出一种适用于有线/无线混合网络IPSec兼容的端到端的优化机制.通过接收端数据包到达时间间隔的变化累积来判断无线链路的状况,用ACK标记ELN通知发送端,避免不必要的拥塞控制而导致性能下降.通过NS2仿真实验表明该机制能有效提高TCP传输性能还与现有的安全机制兼容.     

无线自组织网络中TCP稳定性的分析及改进

在无线自组织网络中,基于IEEE 802.11的TCP流存在严重的不稳定性,其原因与MAC协议、路由协议和TCP本身均有一定的关系,但最根本之处在于MAC协议的不公平性以及假的链路失效消息导致了不必要的耗时的路由发现过程.结合IEEE802.11的MAC协议和DSR路由协议,对这些原因进行了深入的理论分析和仿真实验,并提出了针对MAC协议和路由协议的改进算法.仿真结果证明,提出的改进算法不仅能基本上避免TCP流的不稳定性,还能够极大地提高TCP流的平均吞吐量.     

Ad Hoc网络中AODV路由协议的优化

针对传统AODV路由协议中链路发生意外中断时采用单一的链路修复方式会影响网络的整体性能这一弱点,提出一种采用源节点修复和本地修复相结合的方案。该方案能有效减少端到端平均时延,通过仿真数据证明了改进的AODV路由协议明显优于传统AODV路由协议。     

TCP Yuelu:一种基于有线/无线混合网络端到端的拥塞控制机制

无线链路传输数据的比特率出错导致TCP协议在有线／无线混合网络环境下性能低下,在改进算法TCPReno的基础上,文章提出了一种适用于有线／无线混合网络的拥塞控制机制,该机制包括一种分阶段平滑慢启动机制,改善了突发流量对网络性能的损害,引入网络测量技术获得了往返时间（RTT）、网络带宽、瓶颈链路队列长度等网络状态参数,区分网络拥塞和无线链路比特差错,避免了终端节点对网络状态不了解产生的盲目行为,有效改进了TCP的加性增加乘性减少（AIMD）窗口调节机制,提高了网络性能．同时,在仿真软件NS2中实现了该算法,进行了大量的仿真实验,实验结果表明TCP Yuelu有效降低了网络抖动,提高了网络传输性能,并保持了良好的公平性和对其它TCP流的友好性．     

无线mesh网TCP性能改进研究

无线mesh网(WMN)是一种近年来快速发展起来的新型网络技术,支持宽带高速多媒体业务服务,是一种有效的无线宽带接人手段.为了提高无线mesh网络的性能,使TCP协议在可靠性低、突发错误时间长以及切换时延高的无线移动环境更为有效地工作,人们提出了种种改进传输层TCP技术的方案.文中结合无线mesh网络的自组织、自修复和多跳的特点,将目前的TCP改进方案进行了归类和比较,并分析了其性能特点,同时指出了今后可能的研究方向.     

移动自组网的单向链路优化路由算法AODVUD

移动自组织网络路由协议多是基于双向链路提出,而单向链路在实用环境下普遍存在,严重影响着网络性能.本文在路由发现、双向链路感知和路由维护等方面对AODV路由算法进行改进,提出了一种基于单向链路的优化路由算法AOD-VUD.仿真实验表明该算法显著改善了报文端到端传榆率,相对于现有按需路由算法AODV和AODVUU有较显著的优势.     

一种丢包区分方法及其在Linux下的实现

针对传统拥塞控制机制在无线链路丢包的情况下出现的盲目降低拥塞窗口、TCP吞吐量下降的问题,研究无线/有线混合环境下基于该机制的一种丢包区分方法——WECN,在Linux操作系统下进行实现。搭建混合网络实验床仿真WECN与TCP Reno, TCP Westwood 2种协议相结合的网络模型。测试结果表明,WECN能扩展到已有的TCP协议中,提高含无线链路网络中TCP的吞吐量。     

无线Ad Hoc网络中AODV路由算法的研究与改进

无线Ad Hoc网络是一个多跳的、临时的、对等的自治系统,它由一组带有无线收发信装置的移动节点组成.由于在军事通信、紧急救援、传感器网络等通信场合的广泛应用,无线Ad Hoc网络成为当前研究的热点之一.针对无线AdHoc网络中AODV路由协议算法在网络拓扑结构改变后出现的性能缺陷,提出了一种改进后的AODV路由协议M_EAODV,通过设置多条备份路由来减少链路修复.仿真结果表明,改进后的AODV在分组传送成功率、平均端到端时延、路由开销等性能方面都得到了有效改善,能够在链路中断后迅速启用备份路由,更适应于拓扑结构变化快的网络环境.     

基于DupAck的Ad Hoc网络TCP性能改进

为改进传输控制协议(TCP)在无线网络环境下的性能,分析Ad Hoc网络数据丢失的原因,提出一种区分无线丢包和拥塞丢包的算法。该算法通过在发送端检测返回的重复Ack的相对单向传输时延,探测到网络真实的拥塞状况,以便采取合理的拥塞控制措施。仿真结果表明,该算法能够正确区分无线丢包和拥塞丢包,改善Ad Hoc网络的TCP性能。     

MANET中TCP改进研究综述

传统TCP(transmission control protocol)本是为有线网络设计,它假设包丢失全是由网络拥塞引起,这个假设不能适应于MANET (mobile ad hoc network),因为MANET中除了拥塞丢包以外,还存在由于较高比特误码率、路由故障等因素引起的丢包现象.当出现非拥塞因素丢包时,传统TCP将错误地触发拥塞控制,从而引起TCP性能低下.任何改进机制都可以分为发现问题和解决问题两个阶段.首先概括了MANET中影响TCP性能的若干问题;然后针对发现问题和解决问题两个阶段,详细地对每一阶段中存在的各种可行方法进行了分类、分析和比较;最后指出了MANET中TCP性能优化的研究方向.     

加密环境中的无线TCP性能优化

TCP是一种广泛使用的可靠传输协议,它的设计基于拥塞是引起丢包主要原因的假设。但在无线网络中,丢包通常是传输差错的缘故,这导致了TCP传输性能的急剧下降。现有不少无线TCP传输性能优化方法要求中间节点能够获得TCP连接信息,因此不适用于数据流被加密的情况。文中提出的丢包识别机制可应用于加密环境,它通过TCP发送端判断丢包原因并采取相应措施来提高传输速率,仿真结果证明该方法是有效的、鲁棒的,在局域网和广域网环境中都能明显提高TCP端到端传输性能。     

Malicious node prevention and mitigation in MANETs using a hybrid security model

Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) has got tremendous success and attention due to its self-maintenance and self-configuration properties or behavior. Based on wired and wireless networks, the network topology of MANETs changes rapidly by means of routing attacks. Hence, providing security to this infrastructure-less network is a major issue. The routing protocols for ad-hoc networks cope well with the dynamically changing topology but are not designed to accommodate defense against malicious attacker. Malicious nodes have opportunities to modify or discard routing information or advertise fake routes to attract user data to go through themselves. In this article, we discuss a hybrid technique using anonymity, one-way trapdoor protocol, hash functions, and elliptic curve cryptographic to mitigate attacks in the MANET. The simulation is carried on NS-2 and the simulation results are dissected on different system execution measurements, for example, packet send and received, packet dropped, average network throughput, end-to-end delay, and packet delivery ratio.     

无线移动网络中增强TCP性能的技术综述

TCP是因特网上的主要传输协议，在数据包丢失主要是由拥塞引起的传统网络上，TCP可以充分发挥其性能，但是在无线移动网络中，TCP将无线信道比特差错和移动切换引起的数据包丢失误归于网络发生拥塞而采取拥塞控制措施，不必要地降低了端到的吞吐率，导致自身性能的下降，首先阐述了当前无线移动网络的发展状况和TCP面临的问题，在此基础上，综述和评价了各种增强TCP性能的技术方案，最后，结合无线移动通信系统的最新进展，分析和探讨了当前存在的问题和进一步的研究方向。     

移动Ad Hoc网络的可靠多播路由协议

在移动Ad Hoc网络环境中，分组的重传和路由的重构比有线网络更频繁。在网络多播树变化的情况下提供高的分组传输率是移动Ad Hoc网络多播路由的主要难题。文中提出了一种基于协议转接概念的移动Ad Hoc网络的可靠多播路由协议(RMRP)，该协议较好地减少了移动Ad Hoc网络中大量的路由重构和数据分组的重传。仿真实验显示RMRP具有较高的传输率和较低的端到端分组延迟。     

Video transmission enhancement in presence of misbehaving nodes in MANETs

Mobile Ad-hoc NETworks (MANET) are infrastructureless networks where self-configuring mobile nodes are connected by wireless links. Because of its decentralized operation, these nodes rely on each other to store and forward packets. Video transmission over MANETs is more challenging than over conventional wireless networks due to rapid topology changes and lack of central administration. Most of the proposed MANET protocols assume that all nodes are working within a cooperative and friendly network context. However, misbehaving nodes that exhibit abnormal behaviors can disrupt the network operation and affect the network availability by refusing to cooperate to route packets due to their selfish or malicious behavior. In this paper, we examine the effect of packet dropping attacks on video transmission over MANETs. We also study the effects of mitigation using intrusion detection systems to MANET in presence of video traffic. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to study multimedia over such environments. We propose a novel intrusion detection system, which is an adaptive acknowledgment scheme (AACK) with the ability to detect misbehaved nodes and avoid them in other transmissions. The aim of AACK scheme is to overcome watchdog weaknesses due to collisions and limited transmission power and also to improve TWOACK scheme. To demonstrate the performance of our proposed scheme, simulation experiments are performed. The results of our experiments show that MPEG4 is more suitable for our simulation environment than H264 video traffic. The simulation results show that AACK scheme provides better network performance with less overhead than other schemes; it also shows that AACK outperforms both TWOACK and watchdog in video transmission applications in the presence of misbehaving nodes.     

Modeling and Evaluation of a Policy Provisioning Architecture for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

The ability to dynamically configure mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) devices is critical for supporting complex services such as quality of service (QoS), security and access control in these networks. In our work, we address the problem of policy distribution and provisioning in MANETs. Previously, we have proposed a policy provisioning architecture that enables the operator, e.g., a military command and control center, to maintain a logically centralized control of the network as a whole, while allowing a physically decentralized and self-managing implementation essential for a MANET environment. In this paper, we present an analytical model of the availability of the policy distribution service in a MANET and analyze the performance using stochastic Petri nets (SPNs). We develop the model at two levels of complexity: as a simple Markovian model with Poisson assumptions and as a more accurate non-Markovian model with general distributions obtained using statistical parameterization. We compare and cross-validate the analytical results with simulation and experimental results. Finally, we illustrate the effectiveness of the architecture for managing QoS for soft real-time applications, using an emulated mobile ad-hoc network testbed.     

Adaptive TCP congestion control and routing schemes using cross-layer information for mobile ad hoc networks

Compared with traditional networks, ad hoc networks possess many unique characteristics. For example, ad hoc networks can drop a packet due to network events other than buffer overflow. Unfortunately, the current layered network architecture makes it impossible to pass the information specific to one layer to other layers. As a result, if a packet is lost due to reasons other than buffer overflow, TCP adversely invokes its congestion control procedure. Similarly, the routing algorithm may misinterpret that a path is broken and adversely invoke the route recovery procedure.This study addresses the limitations of the current layered network architecture by adopting a cross-layer protocol design for TCP and routing algorithms in ad hoc networks. The objective of this approach is to enable the lower-layered ad hoc network to detect and differentiate all possible network events, including disconnections, channel errors, buffer overflow, and link-layer contention, that may cause packet loss. Using the information exploited by lower layers, the upper layer-3 routing algorithm, and the layer-4 TCP can take various actions according to the types of network events. Simulation results demonstrate that the combination of the cross-layer optimized TCP and routing algorithms can effectively improve the performance of TCP and DSR, regardless of whether it is in a stationary or a mobile ad hoc network.     

Routing with adaptive path and limited flooding for mobile ad hoc networks

In MANET, each mobile host can freely move around and the network topology is dynamically changing. To send a datagram, a source host broadcasts a route discovery packet to the network. All neighboring nodes receiving this packet will rebroadcast this packet until it reaches the destination. It will have large flooding overhead, poor network performance and undesirable battery power consumption. To improve network performance, we design a novel routing protocol called RAPLF (Routing with Adaptive Path and Limited Flooding) for mobile ad hoc networks. Simulation results show that our protocol has better performance especially in packet delivery rate and flooding overhead when compared to similar protocols.     

Using particle swam optimization for QoS in ad-hoc multicast

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of self-organized mobile nodes that are capable of communicating with each other without the aid of any established infrastructure or centralized administration. Multicasting plays a very important role in the application of ad hoc networks. As the number of participants increases, scalability of the multicast protocol becomes an important issue. When considering the increasing demand of Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements in many applications, the existing multicast routing protocols used for ad-hoc network should be adapted appropriately to effectively meet the stringent QoS requirements of specific multimedia traffic. We thus propose a multicast routing protocol which tries its best to meet the variation of behavior of network topology and satisfy QoS requirements of specific multimedia traffic using particle swam optimization (PSO) in the volatile environments of a MANET. Meanwhile, a priority scheduler with PSO is also proposed to make scheduling decisions so that the packet loss rate can be further reduced. The results of a series of simulations exhibit the practicability and feasibility of our protocol.