用于慢性软组织损伤的大功率光谱治

光谱波段和治疗光强度是光治疗的关键,决定了适应症、治疗深度和疗效.基于水滤红外线A原理,本文采用大功率高效卤素灯为光源,通过对光束整形、密闭液体过滤器以及电子学控制等系统设计了大功率光谱治疗仪,其基本性能与国外先进产品基本相同.该治疗仪的光谱、光功率密度、电气安全性和电磁兼容性通过了医疗器械注册检验,并应用于慢性软织损...     

特定光谱治疗仪新型导光装置的设计

特定光谱治疗仪是利用特定波长范围的光波对人体的刺激效应和热效应进行治疗,本文阐述了特定光谱治疗仪利用红外辐射进行治疗的原理及治疗仪的组成,分析了现行国内光谱治疗仪导光装置的不足,设计出一种新型的用于光谱治疗仪的导光装置。重点讲述了新型导光装置的结构设计。     

880nm半导体激光器列阵及光纤耦合模块

为了使半导体激光泵浦Nd∶YVO4固体激光器能获得大功率、高光束质量、线偏振的激光输出,利用PICS3D软件设计了InGaAs/GaAs应变量子阱结构,制作了发射波长为880 nm的大功率半导体激光器列阵。该激光器列阵激射区单元宽为100μm,周期为200μm,填充因子为50%,激光器列阵CS封装模块室温连续输出功率达60.8 W,光谱半高全宽(FWHM)为2.4 nm。为进一步改善大功率半导体激光器列阵的光束质量,增加半导体激光端面泵浦功率密度,采用阶梯反射镜组对880 nm大功率半导体激光器列阵进行了光束整形,利用阶梯镜金属表面反射率受近红外波长变化影响小的特点,研制出高稳定性、大功率光纤耦合模块。模块输出功率为44.9 W,光-光耦合效率达73.8%,尾纤芯径Φ为400μm,数值孔径(NA)为0.22。     

实用光声光谱实验系统

根据光声光谱技术原理,建立了一套由氙灯和单色仪等组成的实用光声光谱实验系统。该系统的光谱范围在360nm~2500nm内连续可调,波长分辨力达0.1nm,测量灵敏度高,使用调节方便。已用于无机物、有机物、生物材料和空气污染物成分的测试,得到了一些有价值的结果。     

基于PLC技术的大功率半导体激光治疗仪

介绍了一种以小型PLC为控制核心的大功率半导体激光治疗仪。该治疗仪采用单管激光器光纤耦合技术设计了波长为808nm、输出功率30W的激光器模块,采用恒流充电技术设计了高效激光器驱动电路,整机具有散热好、低功耗和高可靠性等优点。     

用150 W氘灯标定200~300 nm光谱辐照度

采用150 W大功率氘灯标定光谱仪器的紫外波段光谱辐照度响应度,解决了大多数光谱辐射计由于在紫外波段响应度低、信噪比小导致的定标困难。在此基础上以氘灯加球面反射镜构建了平行光光谱辐照度定标单元,满足了某些遥感类光谱辐射计辐照度响应度定标要求,该单元通过照度标准传递的方式获得标准光谱辐照度值,避开了球面反射镜光谱反射率的测量难点。与美国NIST 的FEL标准灯标定同一台光谱辐射计,其结果最大偏差为3％,200~300 nm定标误差为4.7％。     

一种红外偏振光治疗仪卤素灯驱动电路

红外偏振光治疗仪是将红外线作用于人体疼痛部位和穴位,对患者进行治疗的仪器。其输出光功率是仪器关键技术指标,而光功率的大小是由卤素灯驱动电路控制的。针对常规驱动电路的缺点,设计改进了红外偏振光治疗仪卤素灯驱动电路,改善了稳幅环路锁定性能,提高了输出电压范围,增强了电路驱动能力。     

用于大功率激光治疗的瞬态喷雾冷却系统

大功率激光治疗过程中,避免表皮及正常组织的热损伤副作用,是保证激光治疗安全性和有效性的关键。本文采用具有高制冷性能的医用134a制冷剂,通过对高压储液罐、密闭传输管路、高速雾化喷射装置以及电子学控制等系统的设计,形成了可与治疗激光不同时序输出、对皮肤和组织进行实时快速冷却的瞬态喷雾冷却系统。通过研究喷洒时间、喷射距离、类皮肤材料温度变化之间的量效关系,验证了装置的冷却效果。实验结果表明,在20～50ms喷洒时间内可将组织温度降低40～60℃。冷却系统的生物兼容性、耐压性、密封性通过了医疗器械注册检验。并联合大功率1 450nm半导体激光用于面部痤疮的临床治疗,189例轻中度痤疮患者在连续治疗4次后治疗的总有效率达87.3%,未出现皮肤热损伤。该瞬态喷雾冷却系统可与各类激光治疗设备集成应用,提高了现有激光治疗技术的安全性、有效性和治疗范围。     

水中发光细菌的急性毒性快速检测技术

现场检测中,通过对水体进行发光细菌急性毒性检测,快速判定水体的综合毒性和污染量级,起到早期预警作用.文章介绍了DeltaTox毒性仪及其工作原理和方法、毒性参照物实验和比对实验等内容.仪器通过高敏感度分析仪(光度计)测试发光细菌与水样混合后的光强度,并与空白实验的光强度比较,根据实验前后样本发光强度的变化得到光损失或光增益的百分比.该检测耗时短,操作简便,敏感度高,适用于现场检测或突发性污染事故的应急监测.     

浙江爱力浦泵产品在普光气田的成功应用

一、应用背景普光气田是迄今为止中国规模最大、丰度最高的特大型整装海相气田,是中国石化集团近年发现的重要资源之一。普光气田位于四川省宣汉县的普光小镇,海拔高度500米左右。该气田的钻井深度达6000多米,硫化氢等有毒气体含量占天然气总量的20%,而地下天然气通过管道上升时,由于压力骤降会产生大量水合物,处理不当就会导致井口堵塞,从而发     

Study on the burning loss of magnesium in fiber laser welding of an Al-Mg alloy by optical emission spectroscopy

In order to study the burning loss of magnesium, a specially designed device was used to capture the spectrum emitted from the keyhole plasma in deep penetration laser welding of aluminum alloy 5052. The content of magnesium in the weld bead was measured by an electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA). The effect of the welding parameters on the spectral intensity of magnesium plasma was examined, and the distributions of the spectral intensity of magnesium plasma in the radial and depth directions of the keyhole were investigated. Finally, the mechanism of the magnesium loss was analyzed. The results indicate that burning loss of magnesium can be monitored by spectral analysis technique. The welding parameters have a great effect on the burning loss of magnesium. The influence of welding speed on the burning loss of magnesium on the top surface is dependent on the penetration regime. The distribution of magnesium in the weld is not uniform. In the radial direction of the weld bead, the content of magnesium increases from the center to the edge of the keyhole. In the depth direction of the weld bead, the content of magnesium decreases firstly and then increases from the top to bottom. The maximum burning loss of magnesium occurs at the middle of the weld bead.     

A tabletop femtosecond time-resolved soft x-ray transient absorption spectrometer

A laser-based, tabletop instrument is constructed to perform femtosecond soft x-ray transient absorption spectroscopy. Ultrashort soft x-ray pulses produced via high-order harmonic generation of the amplified output of a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser system are used to probe atomic core-level transient absorptions in atoms and molecules. The results provide chemically specific, time-resolved dynamics with sub-50-fs time resolution. In this setup, high-order harmonics generated in a Ne-filled capillary waveguide are refocused by a gold-coated toroidal mirror into the sample gas cell, where the soft x-ray light intersects with an optical pump pulse. The transmitted high-order harmonics are spectrally dispersed with a homebuilt soft x-ray spectrometer, which consists of a gold-coated toroidal mirror, a uniform-line spaced plane grating, and a soft x-ray charge coupled device camera. The optical layout of the instrument, design of the soft x-ray spectrometer, and spatial and temporal characterizations of the high-order harmonics are described. Examples of static and time-resolved photoabsorption spectra collected on this apparatus are presented.     

A Nanographite Film-Based Fast Response Detector for Intense Laser Radiation

A simple high-speed photodetector of high-power laser radiation, based on the optical rectification effect, is described. It operates without an external power source. A nanographite film deposited onto a silicon substrate using the plasmochemical deposition technique and having two conducting surface electrodes is used as the photodetector’s photosensitive element. The performance of this device was demonstrated by detecting pulsed laser radiation in a spectral range of 0.266–1.9 µm using the second, third, and fourth harmonics of radiation from an YAG : Nd³⁺ laser with passive Q-switching and radiation from light oscillators based on stimulated Raman scattering in compressed hydrogen. It was shown that the photodetector sensitivity is proportional to the optical radiation frequency and its response time is shorter than 0.5 ns.__________Translated from Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta, No. 3, 2005, pp. 84–89.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Mikheev, Zonov, Obraztsov, Svirko, Volkov.     

差动液粘调速器的结构机理

该装置用于大功率带式输送机的软起动，事先给出带式输送机起动时理想的速度、加速度曲线。通过压力、速度、功率等检测信号反馈，形成闭环控制回路，自动调节摩擦片间隙，改变输出转速和转矩，使实际起动曲线逼近理想曲线，从而实现动态可控起动。同样用调节摩擦片间隙的方法，精确控制多机驱动功率平衡和软制动，大大降低胶带动张力，使输送机起动及制动更加平稳，同时大幅度降低设备成本。该文重点阐述差动液粘调速器的结构、工作原理、传递力矩计算、分析摩擦传动特性、效率及发热等。     

基于可调偏振度源验证偏振光谱强度调制系统

研制了一种结构简单、稳定性好的可见光波段可调偏振度光源,用来验证偏振光谱强度调制(PSIM)实验系统设计的正确性。该光源内部安装有两块K9玻璃组成的玻璃片堆,通过改变玻璃片堆的倾角来调整输出的部分偏振光的偏振度。理论推导了二者的关系,得到了可调偏振度源输出光的偏振度计算方法。根据PSIM系统的实现原理,搭建了验证PSIM性能的实验装置,对可调偏振度源输出的不同偏振度谱进行了测量。实验结果表明:在PSIM实验装置的有效工作波段范围内,可调偏振度源输出光的理论偏振度值与PSIM实验装置测得结果的误差在1%以内,验证了可调偏振度源及PSIM实验装置设计的正确性。该装置有望成为标准偏振光源,用于偏振光谱测量装置的精确标定。     

封装标准太阳电池性能及其与国际标准一致性的评价

基于国际电工委员会(IEC)国际标准分析了引起标准太阳电池量值传递误差的因素及其与国际标准的一致性。随机选取我国市场上销售的6种封装标准太阳电池,测量了它们的温度特性、光谱响应特性和表面反射特性。结果表明:电池的封装结构影响它们的冷却效果及温度的正确测量,从而导致温度和短路电流的不稳定性,其变异系数最高可达0.12%和0.04%。另外,有、无偏置光条件下的光谱响应特性均反映其光电流的光照强度线性特性,这里定义用光谱拟合度来衡量各封装太阳电池的光谱响应特性。采用改变入射角测量短路电流的方法分析了表面光反射对短路电流的影响,利用余弦函数拟合确定了由表面反射光所引起的短路电流的误差可达0.21%。本文的研究成果对光伏行业正确制造、选择和使用标准太阳电池具有指导作用。     

激光多普勒效应非接触井深测量研究

文中对激光多普勒效应应用于油气井井深测量进行了深入研究,提出了非接触式井深测量的思想.详细阐述了一款新型激光多普勒井深测量装置的设计方案及软、硬件设计过程.测量装置中的重要组成部分光学系统采用了双光束-双散射模式进行设计.两束入射光汇聚于运动测井电缆表面并被散射,光电检测器检测到任意两束散射光的"差拍"信号后,送入以TMS320VC5402为中央处理器的外接信号调理电路,再经FFT处理后传送给上位机进行分析处理并实现实时井深监测.该非接触式井深测量装置可有效克服接触式井深测量过程中存在的摩擦与滑动误差,从而达到提高井深测量精度的目的.     

Towards a novel tensile elastometer for soft tissue

A device designed to determine the tensile properties of soft tissue is proposed for use within the surgical environment. Two pins indent the surface of a bulk of soft tissue and are separated laterally. Using an approximation, the measured load and displacement are mapped to the uniaxial stress and strain of a central volume of material. A correction factor is introduced that depends on geometric factors only for Mooney–Rivlin materials subject to strains of up to 15%, if edge effects are not significant. It is the intention of this study and subsequent studies to design the instrument such that edge effects are minimised. Numerical analysis is employed to test the limits of both the device and the model for Mooney–Rivlin materials. Further analysis is required to determine viability for soft tissue that can display significant anisotropy, material non-homogeneities and highly nonlinear elastic responses. Some initial results towards this end are presented. The method is demonstrated with the use of a prototype device, employing common elastomers to model the soft tissue. An assessment of the accuracy of the prototype and limitations on the use of the device are inferred from the experimental and numerical studies. The modulus of the test materials was subsequently measured to an accuracy of 4% with a spread of 6.5% (using a 95% confidence interval).