湿热处理对木薯淀粉结构和性质的影响

对木薯淀粉进行湿热处理,研究了不同初始含水量对木薯淀粉结构和性质的影响.实验结果表明:经湿热处理后的木薯淀粉颗粒表面出现凹坑,随着初始含水量增加,淀粉颗粒表面凹坑的数量增加,同时黏结现象变得严重;湿热处理木薯淀粉的糊化温度随着初始含水量的增加而升高;经湿热处理后,木薯淀粉对酸和酶的敏感性增加,更容易被酸和酶水解.     

颗粒态绿豆抗性淀粉的制备及性质研究

以绿豆淀粉为原料,采用湿热处理制备颗粒态抗性淀粉,并研究其颗粒形貌、直链淀粉含量、溶胀度、黏度及结晶性质等。试验表明:淀粉经过湿热处理后,抗性淀粉含量显著提高;湿热处理淀粉仍保持完整的颗粒外观,属于颗粒态抗性淀粉,部分淀粉颗粒表面出现了裂纹和凹坑,偏光十字强度有所减弱;湿热处理淀粉的直链淀粉含量明显增加,而溶解度、膨胀度和峰值黏度下降,淀粉糊化变得困难;X-射线衍射图谱表明原淀粉和湿热处理淀粉都为"A"型结晶,且湿热处理淀粉在15.2°、17.4°、22.9°左右的衍射峰强度有所加强。     

水分含量对湿热处理玉米淀粉性质的影响

将玉米淀粉中的水分含量分别调节为10%、18%、25%、30%,利用手提式高压灭菌锅在121℃湿热处理5 h,研究湿热处理对玉米淀粉颗粒形貌、糊化温度、膨胀能力和溶解度的影响.试验结果表明:玉米淀粉经湿热处理后,淀粉颗粒仍保持原有外观,部分淀粉颗粒中心出现凹坑;淀粉的糊化温度明显高于原淀粉;糊液黏度低于原淀粉;淀粉颗粒的膨胀能力上升;溶解度较原淀粉降低.湿热处理对玉米淀粉的相关性质产生了明显的影响,并随处理时水分含量的不同表现各异.     

微波湿热处理对马铃薯抗性淀粉含量及性质的影响

在湿热条件下,采用不同微波条件对马铃薯淀粉进行处理,运用扫描电子显微镜、布拉本德粘度仪,对微波处理前后的物化性质进行了研究.结果表明,经微波辐射处理后,淀粉颗粒表面会出现小孔和凹坑;马铃薯淀粉中抗性淀粉和直链淀粉的含量、糊化转变温度及其范围、热糊稳定性和凝沉性得到提高;马铃薯淀粉的膨胀度、溶解度和粘度降低.     

不同湿热处理方法对玉米淀粉性质的影响

利用烘箱和高压灭菌锅对水分含量为25%(w/w)的玉米淀粉在121℃处理5h,研究淀粉性质发生改变的情况.试验结果表明,玉米淀粉经湿热处理后,淀粉颗粒中心出现凹坑,颗粒结晶程度增加,淀粉的糊化温度上升,糊液黏度降低,膨胀能力升高,溶解度下降.在相同的处理条件下,利用高压灭茵锅湿热处理对淀粉的性质影响更为显著.     

湿热处理对玉米淀粉性质的影响

利用烘箱和高压灭菌锅对水分含量分别为10%、18%、25%、30% 的玉米淀粉在121℃处理5h,研究淀粉性质发生改变的情况。实验结果表明,玉米淀粉经湿热处理后,淀粉颗粒中心出现凹坑,颗粒结晶程度增加,淀粉的糊化温度上升,糊液黏度降低,在相同的处理条件下,利用高压灭菌锅处理对淀粉的性质影响更为显著。湿热处理对淀粉的性质产生明显影响。     

湿热处理玉米淀粉的溶胀和水解性质初探

对三种不同链淀粉含量的玉米淀粉(高链玉米淀粉、普通玉米淀粉和蜡质玉米淀粉)经湿热处理前后的溶胀及酸、酶水解性质进行研究,探索湿热处理对淀粉微观性质的影响。研究结果表明:湿热处理后淀粉的膨胀度和溶解度较原淀粉减小;湿热处理淀粉在酸、酶作用初期水解率比原淀粉大,后期由于经湿热处理后淀粉链之间的重新结合,形成了新的双螺旋结构,结合更为紧密,酸、酶难于作用,水解率较原淀粉降低。     

湿热处理对淀粉性质的影响

水分含量为30％的高链玉米淀粉在100℃处理12h。通过研究淀粉的性质发现，湿热处理后淀粉的颗粒形状保持不变，但表面出现了凹坑；主要衍射峰强度增加，结晶度为44．65％，比原淀粉大2．51％；To、Tp、Tc分别比原淀粉相应的温度高14．02、18．81、6．87℃，而△H却比原淀粉小1．08cal/g：湿热处理淀粉的膨胀度和溶解度变小；淀粉的Brabender粘度曲线几乎为一直线；酸水解前7d，湿热处理淀粉水解率比原淀粉大，之后水解率小于原淀粉，而酶水解到第3d，原淀粉水解率大于湿热处理淀粉。淀粉性质的变化说明湿热处理使淀粉内部结构发生变化，特别是无定形区的直链淀粉的结合产生了不同稳定性的新的结晶。     

湿热处理对板栗淀粉特性的影响

对板栗淀粉进行湿热处理,分析处理方法对淀粉颗粒结构、理化特性和体外消化性的影响。结果表明,湿热处理能改变板栗淀粉的理化特性和体外消化性。湿热处理使样品的直链淀粉含量降低,淀粉破损率增大,部分淀粉颗粒破碎,颗粒表面出现凹坑和孔洞。湿热处理对淀粉的晶体结构破坏较大,淀粉仍为C型晶体,结晶度降低,膨胀度降低。DSC分析表明,湿热处理后凝胶化温度(Tp和Tc)均有所升高,ΔH显著降低。湿热处理提高了板栗淀粉的SDS含量,降低了RDS和RS含量。     

湿热处理对板栗淀粉结构及理化性质的影响

以板栗淀粉为对象,采用湿热处理方法对板栗淀粉进行物理改性,通过控制湿热处理的时间(2~18 h)、温度(80~120℃)、含水量(10%~30%),制得不同处理条件下的板栗淀粉。随着湿热处理程度的加强,板栗淀粉的溶解度、膨胀度均减小,其中,处理温度的影响较大;湿热处理后板栗淀粉的透光率下降;板栗原淀粉颗粒的表面光滑,多数呈椭圆形、梨形等;湿热处理后,淀粉颗粒大部分保持原状,但部分颗粒表面出现轻微的凹陷和破损;X-射线衍射图谱显示虽然淀粉结晶型仍为C型,但淀粉颗粒内部有新的结构出现。     

Functional Properties and Retrogradation of Heat‐Moisture Treated Wheat and Potato Starches in the Presence of Hydroxypropyl β‐cyclodextrin

Some functional and retrogradation properties of native and heat‐moisture treated potato and wheat starches were examined in the presence of hydroxypropyl β‐cyclodextrin (HPβ‐CD). HPβ‐CD increased swelling factor, amylose leaching, and solubility of both native and heat‐moisture treated wheat starches but it had less impact on corresponding potato starches. Gelatinization enthalpy of native wheat starch was decreased in the presence of HPβ‐CD but was increased in potato starch with increasing concentration. Reduction of amylose‐lipid complex endotherm in both native and heat‐moisture treated wheat starch was observed in the presence of HPβ‐CD. Heat‐moisture treatment did not change the transition parameters of amylose‐lipid complex showing its resistance to hydrothermal treatment. HPβ‐CD greatly decreased the pasting temperature of wheat starch. Cold paste viscosity of both native and heat‐moisture treated wheat starch was increased by HPβ‐CD to a greater extent than corresponding potato starch. Amylopectin retrogradation of all the starches was unaffected in the presence of HPβ‐CD but heat‐moisture treatment slightly decreased retrogradation of potato starch. These results suggest that HPβ‐CD can disrupt the amylose‐lipid complex within the starch granule in both native and heat‐moisture treated wheat starch but has no influence on amylopectin retrogradation. However, greatly increased wheat starch setback with HPβ‐CD indicates its greater effect on wheat starch amylose retrogradation.     

西米醋酸酯淀粉物化性质研究

利用扫描电子显微镜、聚焦光束反射测量仪,红外光谱仪和布拉班德粘度计对西米醋酸酯淀粉性质进行测定和分析,并与马铃薯醋酸酯淀粉进行比较。结果表明:马铃薯淀粉较西米淀粉更易引入乙酰基,乙酰化后淀粉颗粒形状未发生大的改变,西米原淀粉粒度分布为单峰,而马铃薯原淀粉粒度分布为双峰,前者平均粒径大于后者,乙酰化后西米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉粒径均增大;经醋酸酐酯化后西米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉起糊温度、峰值温度及峰值粘度均降低,热稳定性增加,凝沉性变弱。     

微波辐射对木薯淀粉性质影响

研究微波辐射前后木薯淀粉物化性质变化,采用微波对30%水分含量木薯淀粉进行处理,结果表明,微波处理增强对应X–射线衍射峰强度,降低膨胀度、溶解度和冻融稳定性;木薯淀粉经处理后糊化起始温度升高、粘度降低,但其粘度曲线不改变。以上数据表明,在淀粉颗粒内无定形区和结晶区直链淀粉与直链淀粉、直链淀粉与支链淀粉发生交互作用,微波处理使淀粉分子发生一定程度降解。     

Effect of gamma‐ray irradiation on the physicochemical properties of flour and starch granule structure for wheat

Effect of gamma irradiation on the physicochemical properties of flour and starch granule structure of wheat was compared to non‐irradiated wheat. The moisture content of wet gluten and titratable acidity of wheat flour were significantly affected by gamma irradiation. This treatment also destroyed the starch granules of wheat grain and their breakage augmented as the dose of gamma irradiation increased, apparently resulting in the increase of small starch granules. Probably, these results were due to the disruption of large molecule, such as proteins, lipids and starch. The irradiated wheat flour for RVA pasting properties (flour viscosity) was also evaluated. Besides the difference in RVA profile, starch pasting curves showed a considerable decrease for six main parameters as gamma irradiation dose at different velocity increased.     

调质对小麦粉粒度及组分的影响

调质是小麦研磨前不可缺少的工序之一,可有效改善制粉效果和小麦粉品质。本文通过改变调质水分（14.5%、15.5%、16.5%）、调质温度（25、35、45 ℃）及调质方式（真空调质、常规调质）,探究调质对小麦粉粒度及其组分的影响。结果表明,随着调质水分增加,小麦粉颗粒度先变细后变粗,出粉率、灰分、总蛋白、麦谷蛋白和破损淀粉呈降低趋势,L*与醇溶蛋白增大,总淀粉先降低后升高。提高调质温度后小麦粉颗粒度、总淀粉与支链淀粉逐渐增大,总蛋白、麦谷蛋白和破损淀粉逐渐减小。与常规调质相比,真空调质后小麦粉整体粒径较大,醇溶蛋白和破损淀粉含量较低,麦谷蛋白和支链淀粉含量较高。不同调质条件对小麦制粉品质有显著差异,在调质水分为15.5%、调质温度25 ℃时,小麦粉最细、出粉率较高、灰分较低,小麦制粉品质较好。     

三氯氧磷交联程度对木薯淀粉体外消化性能和抗消化淀粉形成的影响(英文)

利用体外消化模型对不同交联度的三氯氧磷交联木薯淀粉的消化速度和抗消化性能进行了研究。研究结果表明,三氯氧磷交联木薯淀粉被唾液α-淀粉酶消化的速度随交联度的增大而降低。高交联降低淀粉颗粒和淀粉糊的消化速度,低交联增大淀粉颗粒的消化速度但对淀粉糊的消化速度影响程度较小。同时用Megazyme全淀粉分析盒分析了三氯氧磷交联反应对木薯淀粉抗消化性能的影响。三氯氧磷交联木薯淀粉被酶水解的程度随交联程度的增大而降低,且所含的抗消化淀粉的总量也随着交联程度的增大而减少。高交联特别是使淀粉达到非晶化时淀粉的抗消化性能越强。但是在交联度小于1.71×10-2的范围内,凝沉的交联淀粉消化程度随着交联程度的提高而增大,当交联度继续增大时消化程度则降低。通过控制淀粉的交联程度可以调节淀粉与酶反应的敏感程度和反应活性,从而影响淀粉的营养特性。     

蜡质玉米淀粉微晶的理化性质及其消化性研究

以蜡质玉米淀粉为原料,在酸醇介质中制备淀粉微晶。对制得的不同水解率的蜡质玉米淀粉微晶进行了颗粒形貌、X射线衍射、DSC热稳定性分析,溶解度和消化性能的测定。结果表明:随着酸醇水解程度的增加,淀粉颗粒形貌逐渐呈片晶状,最终为碎片;淀粉颗粒的无定形区先被水解,结晶区后被水解,进而导致颗粒破裂;晶体形态仍为A型。与原淀粉相比,淀粉微晶的Tp和Tc均增大,糊化温度范围也有很大提高;不同水解率的淀粉微晶的热焓(△H)先减小后增大。淀粉微晶的溶解度随水解率的增加不断增大。酸醇水解蜡质玉米淀粉的水解率越高,其在in vitro模型中的消化产物也就越多,消化速度也越快。对于同一水解率的淀粉微晶,其消化速度随时间的延长先上升后下降。     

Ghosts of B‐type Wheat Starch Granules in Concentrated KI/I2 Solution

When B‐type (2.0–8.0 µm) wheat starch granules containing various amounts (2.1–25%) of amylose were treated with 25% KI/10% I₂ solution, low‐amylose (below 10% amylose) B‐type wheat starch granules changed to the ghost form. It is known that A‐type (25–35 µm) wheat starch granules change to the ghost form and show a typical double structure (a black‐brown central portion and red‐brown surrounding portion), however, the B‐type wheat starch ghosts did not show the same double structure but rather a simple (red‐brown portion) sack form. The relative ghost areas in the B‐type wheat starch granules were highly correlated to the amylose content (%), which was similar to the results of A‐type starch granules. This suggests that the amylose molecule in B‐type starch contributes to the structural stability of the starch granule.     

辛烯基琥珀酸交联淀粉酯合成工艺研究

以木薯淀粉为原料,用环氧氯丙烷作交联剂,辛烯基琥珀酸酐作酯化剂,采用湿法工艺合成辛烯基琥珀酸交联淀粉酯.探讨了淀粉乳浓度、反应温度、反应时间、pH和沉降积对辛烯基琥珀酸交联淀粉酯取代度的影响,确定制备辛烯基琥珀酸交联淀粉酯的最佳工艺参数为:淀粉乳浓度35%,酯化pH 8.0,酯化温度35℃,酯化时间3 h.交联淀粉的沉降积对酯化取代度影响较小,在生产中可根据最终产品的用途选用合适沉降积的交联淀粉进行酯化复合变性.复合变性淀粉符合食品行业标准,可以在食品工业中应用.扫描电镜对其结构进行观察显示淀粉中受侵蚀颗粒增多,颗粒表面的小凹痕数量增加.     

Oil Binding Ability of Chlorinated and Heated Wheat Starch Granules and Their Use in Breadmaking and Pancake Baking

Chlorination and heat treatment of wheat flour changes the surface character of starch granules from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, and high oil binding ability of the starch granules can be observed. It was suggested that the hydrophobicity, in case of chlorination, was due to chemical modification of the starch granule surface proteins, and, in case of heat treatment, due to conformational changes of the proteins. This hydrophobicity could be also obtained by aging (233 days at room temperature). The hydrophobicity of starch granules in batter is highly related to the springiness of pancake. Heat treated wheat starch granules can encapsulate flavor through their oil binding ability.