四环素牙摩擦磨损行为的研究

在往复滑动摩擦磨损试验台上以钛合金为对磨材料,考察了不同染色程度四环素牙的摩擦学性能,并与正 常恒牙进行了比较。结果表明:轻度四环素牙的摩擦磨损行为接近正常恒牙,磨损以擦伤和轻微犁削为主;重度 四环素牙的摩擦系数变化波动较大,稳态值较高,磨斑表面呈现显著犁沟和剥落,摩擦学特性逊于正常恒牙。四 环素牙的耐磨性随其染色程度加深而降低。     

Friction and wear behavior of human teeth under various wear conditions

Previous reports have described the differences in the friction and wear behavior between different zones of human teeth. The objective of this research was to study the friction and wear behavior of human teeth under different wear conditions to extend the understanding of the tooth wear process, as well as to provide a more rational explanation for wear mechanism of teeth. Two typical wear tests, namely two- and three-body wear, were conducted on human tooth enamel using a reciprocating apparatus. The effect of food particles was of particular interest. Three loads, 10, 20 and 40 N, were used. Wear was assessed by sample wear volume. The results show that human tooth enamel exhibits lower friction and smaller wear volume under three-body wear conditions than under two-body wear conditions. Under three-body wear conditions, although increasing normal load results in a progressive increase in the wear volume of enamel, the increasing rate is lower at high load than that under two-body wear conditions. Further analysis of wear surfaces indicates that human tooth enamel experiences different wear mechanisms under different wear conditions.     

The friction and wear behavior of irradiated very high molecular weight polyethylene

The friction and wear behavior of gamma irradiated very high molecular weight polyethylene has been studied for radiation doses of 20 to 1000 MRad. For tests run at low loads the effect of irradiation is to increase the friction coefficient and the wear factor. As the load is increased the friction coefficient decreases and the wear factor remains constant. At a critical load there is an abrupt increase in the wear factor. However, further increase in the load leads to a decrease in the wear factor to about the original value. This wear behavior is quite different from that shown by unirradiated polyethylene and is connected to changes in structure resulting from the temperatures generated during sliding.     

UHMWPE基水润滑轴承摩擦及润滑特性的试验研究

针对纤维填料改性UHMWPE水润滑轴承的摩擦磨损性能进行研究。在平面摩擦磨损试验机上对玻璃纤维及碳纤维填料对UHMWPE复合材料摩擦性能进行试验,并分析GF-CF-UHMWPE材料与Thordon SXL材料在干摩擦、水润滑工况下的摩擦因数及磨损量。最后,采用径向水润滑轴承试验台对比研究了GF-CF-UHMWPE轴承和Thordon SXL轴承在不同载荷下摩擦因数随转速的变化规律。结果表明:纤维填料能显著增强UHMWPE的减摩性和耐磨性,GF-CF-UHMWPE材料具有更好的耐温性能,线性热膨胀系数也显著减小;GF-CF-UHMWPE轴承具有相同载荷下启动转速低,启动摩擦因数小的特性。     

Wear and friction behavior of alumina ceramics in aqueous solutions with different pH

It is well known that the wear and friction behavior of ceramics can be significantly improved by using them in water or humid air rather then a dry atmosphere. Accordingly, various ceramics have found many water-lubricated applications. In spite of this, the effect of the pH of the aqueous media on the wear and friction behavior has not been investigated in detail. In this study, we have investigated the wear behavior of alumina ceramics in different water-lubricated conditions with a range of pH values from 0.85 to 13. Based on the results of reciprocating sliding tests, we found that the wear can vary by as much as one order of magnitude and the coefficient of friction between 0.2 and 0.6, depending on the conditions. We also observed that significantly different wear surfaces are generated for different pH values, and these surfaces have a diverse effect on the wear and friction behavior. Wear mechanisms were established by employing surface topography analyses and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical and electrochemical effects under the selected tribological conditions are discussed to help explain the observed behavior. Our findings suggest that by varying the pH of a solution we can obtain low-wear and/or high-wear of alumina ceramics to suit the requirements of the process.     

GF/PTFE自润滑纤维复合材料磨损性能热衰退研究

针对高频摆动关节轴承摩擦热对自润滑纤维复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,研制了高频使用条件下的玻璃纤维增强聚四氟乙烯(GF/PTFE)自润滑纤维复合材料,利用MYB～500高频高载摆动摩擦磨损试验机,对其进行不同摩擦温度下的摩擦磨损性能测试,研究摩擦热作用下材料自润滑性能和磨损性能衰退特征,分析磨损产物和摩擦表面以及不同摩擦温度下材料的磨损机理。结果表明,摩擦热对材料自润滑性能影响显著,适当的摩擦温度范围能够保证材料的自润滑性能,摩擦温度和摩擦因数之间互为耦合作用,对材料的磨损性能具有一定的影响;高摩擦热作用于自润滑过程及机理的改变,造成材料的磨损性能衰退现象。因此,不同温度下材料的磨损特征具有明显的差异化,其中低摩擦温度下(60～120℃)材料自润滑性能优异,磨损率很低;140℃摩擦温度条件下材料摩擦磨损性能开始衰退;材料在高摩擦温度下(140～180℃)的磨损初期自润滑性能良好、磨损轻微,而中后期磨损严重。微观分析表明,低摩擦温度下材料的磨损机理以轻微粘着和疲劳磨损为主;高摩擦温度下材料的磨损以片状剥落、纤维剪切破坏为主,且磨损面局部损伤特征明显,磨损严重。     

Effect of feldspar porcelain coating upon the wear behavior of zirconia dental crowns

Opposing dental surfaces, both natural teeth and restoration materials, are submitted to wear. The effect of the presence of feldspar porcelain coating upon the wear properties of dental zirconia opposing human teeth was evaluated using pin-on-plate test geometry. Human molar cusps performed as pins, coated and uncoated commercial zirconia performed as plates. Tests were carried out at room temperature in citric acid solution during 21,600 cycles, using 1 Hz, 1.96 N and 5 mm amplitude. Wear loss was measured by weighing the cusps before and after testing. The material loss of the plates was assessed by profilometry. Surface roughness and hydrophilicity of the plates' surfaces were evaluated by roughness and contact angle measurements.Results show higher mass loss for teeth tested against feldspar veneered plates, together with higher friction coefficient. No wear was detected on unveneered zirconia surfaces. Contact angle results show distinct affinity of veneered (25°) and unveneered zirconia (70°) surfaces towards distilled water.Porcelain coating of zirconia dental crowns affects tooth/crown wear behavior, resulting in increased wear of both the artificial crown and the opposing natural teeth. Coating should therefore be avoided in occlusal crown surfaces.     

小模数,多齿数行星齿轮传动及其在采煤机械中的应用

作者提出与以往齿轮设计配齿原则不同的按小模数、多齿数设计行星齿轮传动的观点。分析了该设计法优点及应用条件，并指出确定模数、齿数的方法。最后，结合ＭＧ３００－ＡＷ１采煤机例子，介绍了实际应用效果。     

四种牙科高分子修复材料摩擦学行为的对比研究

在往复滑动摩擦磨损试验台上以TA2纯钛为对摩材料,研究和比较了4种我国口腔临床常用牙科高分子修复材料在人工唾液介质中的摩擦磨损行为。结果表明在人工唾液介质中,3种成品树脂牙的摩擦因数、磨痕深度均较小,磨损表面主要呈现犁削效应;光固化树脂修补材料的摩擦因数大,耐磨性较差,磨损形貌以剥落为主,伴随犁削。     

Fretting wear behavior of AZ91D and AM60B magnesium alloys

The fretting wear behavior of the AZ91D and AM60B magnesium alloys are investigated using a reciprocating fretting wear machine under dry conditions with different numbers of cycles, different normal loads, slip amplitudes and frequencies. The worn surfaces and wear debris were examined using scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy in order to understand the predominant wear mechanisms of two magnesium alloys. The results indicate that the AZ91D alloy displays a lower friction coefficient and lower wear quantity than the AM60B alloy. The AZ91D shows a higher capability than AM60B in resisting crack nucleation and propagation. Both AZ91D and AM60B show similar friction and wear characteristics. The wear quantity increases with increasing normal load, but decreases with increasing frequency. The friction coefficient also decreases as the normal load is increased. Fretting frequency had little effect on the friction coefficient. In a long term, the fatigue wear and abrasive wear were the predominant wear mechanisms for AM60B and delamination wear, adhesive wear and abrasive wear for AZ91D.     

Wear and friction behavior of Al6061 alloy reinforced with carbon nanotubes

Friction and wear behavior of Al6061 monolithic alloy and 1 wt% CNTs reinforced Al6061 composite prepared through ball milling and spark plasma sintering was investigated. It was found that, under mild wear conditions, the composite displayed lower wear rate and friction coefficient compared to the monolithic alloy. However, for severe wear conditions, the composite displayed higher wear rate and friction coefficient compared to the monolithic alloy. Analysis of worn surfaces revealed that, at lower loads, abrasion was the dominant wear mechanism for both materials. At higher loads, adhesion was found to be dominant for the monolithic alloy while excessive sub-surface fracturing and delamination were mainly observed for the composite. Also, it was clarified that the friction and wear behavior of Al–CNT composites is largely influenced by the applied load and there exists a critical load beyond which CNTs could have a negative impact on the wear resistance of aluminum alloy.     

Tribological Behavior of NiAl–1.5 wt% Graphene Composite Under Different Velocities

The progress in aerospace field requires a new NiAl matrix composite that can stand against wear and decrease the energy dissipation through decreasing friction. In this study, the tribological behavior of NiAl–1.5 wt% graphene composite is investigated at room temperature under a constant load of 12 N and different sliding velocities. The results show that the friction coefficient and wear rate increase with increasing sliding velocity from 0.2 to 0.4 m/s due to the adhesion between the sliding bodies and tearing of the graphene layer. The friction coefficient and wear rate tend to decrease at a sliding velocity of 0.6 m/s as a result of severe plastic deformation and grain refinement of the worn surface. However, at 0.8 m/s the friction coefficient reaches a minimum value and the wear rate increases and changes the wear mechanism to fatigue wear. It can be concluded that various wear mechanisms lead to different tribological performance of NiAl–1.5 wt% graphene composite.     

Effect of Cold Rolling on the Fretting Wear Behavior and Mechanism in Inconel 600 Alloy

The fretting test was carried out using an SRV IV fretting test rig in order to investigate the fretting wear behavior and mechanism in Inconel 600 alloy at room temperature. The materials were rolled to different reductions before the test. The effect of cold rolling on the friction coefficient and wear volume was subsequently investigated. The surface and cross-sectional morphologies of the wear scar were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), and electron back-scattering diffraction (EBSD). The results indicated that the cold rolling had a different effect on wear behavior in different slip regimes. In the stick regime, cold rolling strongly decreased the wear volume, although it did not affect the friction coefficient. The 25% rolled specimen had the minimum wear volume. The mechanisms of as-received and 50% rolled specimens were delamination and oxidation wear, whereas for the 25% rolled specimen, cracking was the main wear mechanism. In the gross slip regime, cold rolling had little effect on the friction coefficient or wear volume. The fretting wear process gave rise to a decrease in the Σ3 grain boundary, an increase in local misorientation, and a change in the crystal orientation.     

The Tribological Behavior of Polycrystalline Cobalt as Related to Crystallographic Texture and Structure

The friction and wear behavior of polycrystalline hexagonal cobalt was determined under normal atmospheric conditions, using heavy loads and sliding speeds ranging from 0.92 cm/sec to 36.8 cm/sec. Very uniform wear was observed for most conditions together with a low coefficient of friction. X-ray diffraction measurements showed that this desirable behavior is caused by the formation of a preferred orientation during sliding. Under high-load high-speed conditions a different mode of wear was observed, best described as brittle disintegration. When cobalt was alloyed with 8 percent iron and thus rendered face-centered cubic, a deeply torn wear track, an increased initial wear rate and a high coefficient of friction were obtained.     

高水基液压阀陶瓷摩擦副摩擦学性能研究

为选择适合的高水基乳化液液压阀摩擦副材料,探讨ZrO2与不同结构陶瓷组成的摩擦副在高水基乳化液润滑状态下的摩擦磨损特性。采用摩擦磨损试验机,在不同载荷和滑动速度下,研究在高水基乳化液介质中4种不同陶瓷材料（ZrO2、Al2O3、Si3N4和SiC）分别与ZrO2配副的摩擦学性能,并探讨不同组合陶瓷摩擦副的磨损机制。结果表明：在高水基乳化液中,各陶瓷的摩擦因数均随着滑动速度的增大而降低,其中Al2O3陶瓷的摩擦因数最小;ZrO2、Al2O3和Si3N4陶瓷的摩擦因数受载荷的影响较小,SiC陶瓷的摩擦因数则随着载荷的增大而骤增;各陶瓷的磨损体积都随着速度和载荷的增大而增大,其中Al2O3/ZrO2陶瓷摩擦副的磨损体积最小,其磨损机制以磨粒磨损和微疲劳磨损为主。研究表明,在不同工况下,Al2O3与ZrO2陶瓷配副的摩擦因数和磨损体积均为最低值,更适合作为高水基乳化液液压阀的摩擦副材料。     

Study on Tribological Performance of NiAl Matrix Self-Lubricating Composites Containing Graphene at Different Loads

This study aimed to explore the possibility of improving the tribological performance of NiAl matrix composites by graphene addition. Friction and wear experiments of as-prepared specimens were conducted under different conditions using a pin-on-disk wear testing machine. NiAl matrix composites containing graphene showed satisfactory performance in friction coefficient and wear resistance compared to NiAl matrix composites without graphene. For the active effect of graphene, the friction coefficient and wear rate of NiAl matrix composites were maintained at relatively lower values. The beneficial antifriction and antiwear effects of graphene gradually failed when the applied load was above 8 N. Graphene in NiAl matrix composites played an active role in the formation of a friction layer, which was beneficial to the lower friction coefficient and wear rate. In light of this research, graphene plays an active role in reducing the friction coefficient and wear rate. Hence, graphene has great potential in applications as an effective solid lubricant to promote tribological behavior.     

载流条件下的1Cr18Ni9Ti/浸金属碳摩擦磨损性能研究

在销-盘摩擦磨损试验机上试验了载荷、速度、电流对1Cr18Ni9Ti/浸金属碳对磨时的摩擦因数、磨损量及磨损形貌的影响。试验结果表明,载荷对1Cr18Ni9Ti/浸金属碳摩擦副的摩擦因数和销试样的磨损率有显著影响:载荷越大,摩擦因数越大,磨损率越低;摩擦因数、磨损率与速度的关系受载荷的制约。当低载时,以电流影响为主。销试样的磨损表面出现了粘着磨损,氧化磨损和电弧烧蚀。     

Investigation of the friction and wear behaviors of polyoxymethylene/linear low-density polyethylene/ethylene-acrylic-acid blends

The friction and wear behavior of polyoxymethylene/linear low-density polyethylene/ethylene-acrylic acid (POM/LLDPE/EAA) blends is explored using an MM-200 wear tester. The results show that the friction and wear properties of POM were greatly improved after an amount of LLDPE and EAA was added. The friction coefficient and wear scar width of POM are much higher than those of POM/LLDPE/EAA blends under the same condition. The SEM analyses show that POM and POM/LLDPE/EAA blends exhibit totally different wear mechanisms. The wear mechanism of POM is dominated by adhesive. The transfer film of POM is formed on the surface of the steel counterpart. For POM/LLDPE/EAA blend, the lamellar debris is found on the steel ring surface sliding against POM/LLDPE/EAA blend, which helps to decrease the friction coefficient and wear scar width. The lubricate layer formed in the contact surface prevents the bulk from serious wear. Therefore the friction coefficient of POM/LLDPE/EAA blend thus reduced remarkably and anti-wear property got greatly improved.     

Investigation on Tribological Behavior of Advanced High Strength Steels: Influence of Hot Stamping Process Parameters

In order to investigate the friction and wear behavior of high strength steel in hot stamping process, a hot strip drawing tribo-simulator is developed and the friction coefficient, which is an important parameter in the finite element modeling, is measured. The results have shown that the friction coefficient remains almost unchanged until temperature reaches 500 °C. It then increases sharply as temperature is increased from 500 to 600 °C. It has also been shown that the friction coefficient decreases as the drawing speed increases. The change in the dominate wear mechanism as the temperature and the drawing speed increases has been identified from SEM analyses of the worn surface. The dominate wear mechanism is the groove cutting at temperatures between room temperature and 500 °C, which changes to the adhesive wear at temperatures above 500 °C. The main wear mechanism is the adhesive wear at 25 mm/s, which changes to the slight groove cutting at 75 mm/s.     

石墨种类对铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料性能的影响

采用柔性石墨、造粒石墨和鳞片石墨分别制备粉末冶金烧结摩擦材料，研究不同种类片状石墨对摩擦材料摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明：不同种类石墨制备的摩擦材料的密度和力学强度差异，将影响材料基体在制动过程中的组织形态，使摩擦界面呈现不同的磨损形式，其中柔性石墨摩擦材料的主要磨损机制为氧化磨损，造粒石墨摩擦材料的主要磨损机制为犁削磨损和磨粒磨损，鳞片石墨摩擦材料的主要磨损机制为犁削磨损和黏着磨损；造粒石墨制备的摩擦材料在不同速度下制动和重复单次制动时的摩擦因数波动值较小，摩擦因数稳定性好，且具有适中的磨耗量，综合摩擦磨损性能最佳。