脉冲中子测量中用长计数器校准闪烁探测器的方法

介绍了采用长计数器与闪烁探测器相组合,通过长计数器对闪烁探测器进行适时校准,进而以闪烁探测器给出低产额脉冲中子注量(或产额)的方法。该方法既减小了长计数器单次计数少引起的统计涨落,又避免了闪烁探测器受γ本底影响大的缺陷,同时还充分利用了长计数器平能量响应以及闪烁探测器探测效率的优点,将长计数器成功地运用于脉冲中子辐射场中,在脉冲中子辐射场中通过长计数器实现了中子注量(率)的量值传递,实现了脉冲中子源中子产额的测量。     

脉冲测量中的统计涨落对中子产额测量的影响

介绍了在用PMT闪烁探测器测量脉冲中子产额时,由于粒子的统计涨落而使脉冲波形呈现毛刺现象。根据实验中获得的实验数据,从实验和理论两个方面分析了统计涨落对产额绝对测量的影响。评定了在一定测量不确定度范围内脉冲中子产额绝对测量的准确性。     

DPF装置脉冲中子测量技术研究

研制了用于DPF装置脉冲中子产额和波形监测的脉冲中子飞行时间-闪烁探测系统。在中国原子能科学研究院高压倍加器上采用电流法和脉冲中子飞行时间方法标定了该系统的D-T和D-D中子灵敏度。根据测量的光响应函数,采用Monte-Carlo方法模拟了塑料闪烁探测器的中子能量响应,由此对中子灵敏度标定结果进行了能量响应修正。利用研制的闪烁探测系统对ING-103型DPF装置的D-T脉冲中子产额和时间波形进行了实验测量,并对测量结果进行了分析和讨论。测量的DPF装置D-T脉冲中子产额在1×109–2×109n/shot之间,中子时间波形的半高宽约为9ns。     

强辐射本底对电流型PMT闪烁探测器的影响

本文介绍在强辐射本底脉冲中子测量中,电流型PMT闪烁探测器测量的中子产额数据发生很大差异,究其原因是由于探测器灵敏度随本底发生了变化。在实验室,模拟测量了PMT的光电本底电流与增益的变化关系实验。运用核电子学线路分析了灵敏度发生很大的变化原因,对强核辐射本底下探测器灵敏度变化作了合理的解释,对脉冲中子产额测量数据作了合理的修正。     

一种适用于低产额脉冲中子测量的铜活化探测器研究

研制了一种高探测效率的铜活化探测器,该探测器采用了新型活化样品设计,其立体角因子大于70%,适用于脉冲中子源的中子产额测量.实验表明,该铜活化探测器的探测效率可达到1×10-3以上,测量下限小于106中子/脉冲.     

脉冲中子源中子产额稳定性的评定

中子产额的稳定度是脉冲中子源的一项重要指标.文中介绍了一种评定脉冲中子源产额稳定性的新方法.测试系统由长计数器和一对性能基本相同的积分型探测器组成,中子产额的稳定度直接通过数据处理获得而无需对各探测器测量的不确定度进行分别评定.通过不同探测器得到的实验结果彼此符合很好.     

双液闪法测量微秒脉冲中子源参数技术研究

微秒脉冲中子源相对于纳秒脉冲中子源有相对高的脉冲中子产额,微秒脉冲中子源在核物理实验研究中有着较为广泛的应用,因此其脉冲参数的准确测量对于其有效应用有着重要意义.论文采用双液闪法测量了微秒脉冲中子参数,液闪探测器使用了直径5.08 cm的等高圆柱形的BC -501A探测器,测量得到了脉冲底宽分别为40、50和200μs的微秒脉冲的脉冲宽度、脉冲周期、脉冲中子产额等实验数据,该实验技术可供相关实验人员参考.     

“神光Ⅲ原型”装置首轮实验中子产额诊断

利用激光辐射驱动充D-D燃料的内爆靶丸,完成了"神光Ⅲ原型"大型激光装置首轮出中子实验。通过塑料闪烁探测器测到了辐射驱动内爆中子产额。中子产额107~108,测量不确定度~10%。     

辐射驱动低产额中子诊断数据处理

本文介绍了在“神光”装置上用塑料闪烁探测器测量辐射驱动内爆低产额中子的数据处理方法,将实验数据输入计算机模拟出了所测中子产额几率分布公式及曲线,对测量结果的可信号度进行了分析讨论。     

电流型银激活探测器标定技术

为测量DPF脉冲中子产额,设计了电流型银激活探测器。该探测器由中子慢化体、天然银片、塑料闪烁体和光电倍增管组成。定义了该探测器测量DPF快脉冲中子产额时的探测灵敏度。采用高压倍加器稳态中子源对电流型银激活探测器的探测灵敏度进行了标定。稳态中子源的绝对中子产额由伴随粒子法给出。通过计算机自动记录探测器在饱和照射后其输出电流随时间的变化曲线,通过分析变化曲线求解特征参数,进而得到电流型银激活探测器在距离14 MeV脉冲中子源1 m处时的探测灵敏度为1.843´10⁹ nA^－1。在包含因子k为2时,探测灵敏度的扩展不确定度小于17.5 %。     

利用测热技术测量核反应堆中子通量密度

一种新型中子探测器被研究,其原理是利用带电离子在矿物中沉积的能量退火时会以热量的方式释放出来,通过测量释放的热量而确定中子通量密度。对新型中子探测器进行刻度,在反应堆内某位置测量的热中子通量密度为5.108×10¹¹ cm^-2•s^-1,与标定的热中子通量密度(5.000×10¹¹ cm^-2•s^-1)在2%内符合,说明该探测器可测量中子通量密度。本文方法制作的探测器体积小,可制作成不同形状,便于反应堆不同环境下的中子通量密度测量。选取相应中子能量反应截面较大的元素,该探测器还可测量不同中子能量的通量密度。     

高效率BF3正比探测器阵列的中子探测技术

主要介绍了一种由置于石蜡慢化体内的BF3计数管阵列组成的高效率的中子探测器测量系统．整个系统共包含了8组正比探测器,每组所包含的BFs计数管数目均不同,其总中子探测效率可达3．38％。此探测系统能够广泛应用于中子产额变化范围宽、下限低的脉冲中子源的中子产额测量。     

两种中子源条件下补偿中子测井仪探测器设计方法

使用同位素中子源或中子发生器将直接影响补偿中子探测器的参数设计,论文主要探讨了探测器源距设计方法,通过3700中子刻度筒实验,比较了两种中子源条件下的实验结果,采用数据拟合方法,给出了将测量得到的计数率比值转换为地层孔隙度的数学模型。结果表明,可以用中子发生器代替同位素中子源实现补偿中子测井。     

Development of the high-energy neutron fluence rate standard field in Japan with a peak energy of 45 MeV using the 7Li(p,n)7Be reaction at TIARA

In this study, we developed a 45 MeV neutron fluence rate standard of Japan. Quasi-monoenergetic neutrons with a peak energy of 45 MeV in the neutron standard field were produced by the ⁷Li(p,n)⁷Be reaction using a 50-MeV proton beam from an azimuthally varying field (AVF) cyclotron of the Takasaki Ion Accelerators for Advanced Radiation Application (TIARA). The neutron energy spectrum was measured using an organic liquid scintillation detector and a ⁶Li-glass scintillation detector by the time-of-flight method, and using a Bonner sphere spectrometer by the unfolding method. The absolute neutron fluence was determined using a proton recoil telescope (PRT) composed of the liquid scintillation detector and a Si(Li) detector that was newly developed in the present study. The detection efficiency of the PRT was obtained using the MCNPX code. The peak neutron production cross section for the ⁷Li(p,n)⁷Be reaction was also derived from the neutron fluence in order to confirm the neutron fluence of the TIARA high-energy neutron field. The peak neutron production cross section obtained in the present study was in good agreement with those of previous studies. The characteristics of the 45-MeV neutron field in TIARA were successfully evaluated in order to calibrate high-energy neutron detectors and high-energy neutron dosimeters.     

金刚石中子探测器稳定性和探测效率测试

介绍了金刚石中子探测器主要性能的测试方法。采用14 MeV氘氚中子测试了金刚石中子探测器的稳定性和探测效率,实验结果表明探测器性能稳定,中子探测效率ε_E=8.00×10~(-5)(±9.38%)counts/n·cm~2。SuperMC蒙卡软件对探测效率进行模拟计算,计算结果ε_C=8.69×10~(-5)(±3%)counts/n·cm~2,不确定度范围内认为二者一致。     

BNIF-1长中子计数器探测效率的刻度

长中子计数器是在一定的中子能量范围内,中子探测器效率恒定,不随中子能量变化的一种中子探测装置。本工作的长中子计数器为Hanson结构。采用含氢正比计数器与半导体望远镜法,用静电加速器中子源分别为220 keV、500 keV、1.000 MeV、1.403 MeV、3.270 MeV、4.000 MeV与5.000 MeV单能中子束,对本单位制作的BNIF-1长中子计数器进行了刻度。刻度结果表明,在220 keV～5.000 MeV区间,中子探测器效率为2.8810×10^-4（1±4.8%）。     

Consideration about the Single-neutron Microbeam Facility

A conception of the single-neutron microbeam facility was put forward in this paper. The specific particle (e.g. H^ , ^2d^ or α ) bombarding a specific target can generate neutron, when the particle energy is more than a threshold (e.g., H^ energy is more than 2 MeV). And if the specific beam spot on the target is very small, the neutron beam along the direction of the specific beam spot will be very small too. If the neutron beam is weak and a neutron detector is mounted after the specific neutron collimator, the single- neutron will be obtained. Therefore, if the specific target and the neutron detector are installed after the proton accelerator and the microbeam system, the single-neutron microbeam will probably be obtained.     

自制个人中子气泡探测器特性的批内一致性

采用252Cf中子源和2×1.7MV串列加速器产生的14.8MeV单能中子源,对自制的12批中子气泡探测器的批内一致性进行测试。结果表明,在室温条件下,同批次制作的气泡探测器性能符合ISO标准。     

Response Functions of Phoswich-Type Neutron Detector for High-Energy Cosmic Ray Neutron Measurement

A phoswich-type neutron detector was developed in order to measure high-energy cosmic ray neutron spectra in aircraft. The neutron detector consists of an EJ309 organic liquid scintillator that is 121.7mm in diameter and 121.7mm in length and is covered with a 15mm thick EJ299-13 outer plastic scintillator. The neutron response functions of the detector are required for the unfolding method to obtain the energy spectrum. The neutron response functions were created based on MCNPX simulations using an anticoincidence mode with the experimental light-output correlations with particle energies, uniformity of light collection and energy resolutions. The light-output correlation with particle energy, the uniformity of light collection and the energy resolutions were evaluated based on experiments. Measurements of neutron response functions were performed using four quasi-monoenergetic neutron beams from 40 to 80 MeV p-Li reactions to verify the calculated results. The calculated response functions show good agreement with the measurements. The angular response of the phoswich detector was confirmed to be isotropic from the calculation. The photon response functions of the detector were also calculated and agreed well with the measurements for 6.129MeV photons. Neutron and photon response matrices were created up to 300 and 50 MeV, respectively, over a wide energy range for experimental flights.     

Response evaluation of a compact and highly efficient neutron diffractometer for compact accelerator neutron sources

We fabricated the spheroid neutron diffractometer with 79 neutron detector rings using the transparent rubber sheet type Eu:LiCaAlF₆ scintillators and wavelength-shifting fibers.We confirmed that the fabricated detector shows a clear neutron peak and can discriminate neutron and gamma-ray events in a signal pulse spectrum.We additionally checked that the fabricated diffractometer can detect a neutron diffraction peak of ferrite powder at Kyoto University Accelerator-driven Neutron Source.Consequently,it can be expected that crystal structural analysis will be possible even by small accelerator neutron sources.