Partial adaptive nulling on a monopulse phased array antenna system

A partial phase-only nulling (PPON) algorithm has been developed and evaluated on a 496-element monopulse phased array antenna system which employs five-bit phase shifters. Using this PPON algorithm allows nulls in the far-field pattern to be steered to the desired directions for a phased array equipped with low-resolution phase shifters to perform simultaneous nulling in the sum and two difference patterns in the environment of multiple jammers. Simulated and experimental patterns are illustrated     

Determination of far-field antenna patterns from near-field measurements

In many cases, it is impractical or impossible to make antenna pattern measurements on a conventional far-field range; the distance to the radiating far field may be too long, it may be impractical to move the antenna from its operating environment to an antenna range, or the desired amount of pattern data may require too much time on a far-field range. For these and other reasons, it is often desirable or necessary to determine far-field antenna patterns from measurements made in the radiating near-field region; three basic techniques for accomplishing this have proven to be successful. In the first technique, the aperture phase and amplitude distributions are sampled by a scanning field probe, and then the measured distributions are transformed to the far field. In the second technique, a plane wave that is approximately uniform in amplitude is created by a feed and large reflector in the immediate vicinity of the test antenna. And in the third technique, the test antenna is focused within the radiating near-field region, patterns are measured at the reduced range, and then the antenna is refocused to infinity. Each of these techniques is discussed, and the various advantages and limitations of each technique are presented.     

Tracking error of phased array antenna

The tracking error of a phased array antenna between transmitting and receiving frequencies was measured by in-flight experiments using a geostationary satellite. The tracking error was found to depend on beam-scanning angle and the ratio of transmitting and receiving frequencies. Measured results agreed well with a theoretical prediction. An effective method to eliminate the tracking error is proposed     

平面相控阵天线波束控制技术

以平面相控阵天线为研究对象,在给出阵面天线方向图函数模型的基础上,详细描述了波控码的计算方法;分析了波束控制的系统架构,提出了查表法与分布式计算相结合的波控码计算方法,阐述了其软件处理流程,并与传统方法对比分析了该方法的技术优势.通过对阵面天线方向图的仿真分析,该方法可以控制波束指向,实现一维扫描与二维扫描、单向扫描与...     

激光相控阵与微波相控阵发射天线技术体制的比较

借鉴微波相控阵雷达技术,有的放矢加快探测型激光相控阵雷达的技术发展与应用,从仿学微波相控阵雷达发射天线基础知识入手,提出微波相控阵雷达发射天线与光纤激光相控阵发射天线可比较的部分技术参数;分析了光纤激光相控阵发射天线的技术要点与潜在能力,并立足现有研发水平对其系统功能与规模进行了预测;尝试对光纤激光相控阵与微波相控阵天线的技术特点与面临主要问题进行了论述;提出两者体系内互相配置,不仅有助于提高微波相控阵雷达在复杂电磁环境下对中近程高速、隐身和多目标的探测、识别与定位能力;同时也可适当减少激光相控阵对目标大范围区域搜索的压力的观点。     

相控阵天线实验系统设计

介绍了一种新颖的相控阵天线实验系统。首先给出了系统的组成和设计原理,然后介绍了系统的软件实现过程以及多用户教学功能的实现。所设计的实验系统实现了相控阵天线设计教学过程,具有操作简单、实验真实直观等特点,取得良好效果。     

Prediction of far-field from uniform and non-uniform under-sampled near-field data in planar near-field antenna measurements

In near-field antenna measurements various forms of uniform and non-uniform sampling techniques have been widely deployed. Considering the fact that the near-field pattern of any antenna is a spatially quasi-band-width-limited function of space coordinates, Shannon's theorem simply defines the sampling frequency. Based on the sampling theorem, in order to precisely reconstruct a band-limited signal from its samples, the sampling frequency must be at least twice as much as the signal's bandwidth. Through the simulations and theoretical evaluations this research shows that if the near-field pattern is either uniformly or non-uniformly under-sampled due to any practical reasons, yet a good estimation of far-field pattern can be obtained especially if the antenna under test (AUT) is a directive high-gain or super high-gain antenna. Also the time efficiency of far-field prediction from under-sampled near-field data is discussed and the advantages and disadvantages are highlighted.     

二元相控阵手机天线分析

现代移动通信的迅猛发展迫切要求进一步研究移动终端智能天线技术。对手机用二元相控阵天线进行了研究，使用矩量法对该天线进行了电磁仿真。通过改变天线阵二单元激励源的相位，实现了方向图主波束扫描的功能，表明了该天线方案作为手机智能天线具有良好的应用前景。     

有源相控阵天线的近场校准

为实现对相控阵天线的校准,降低幅相误差和阵元失效对天线性能的影响,提出了一种考虑互耦效应的近场校准方法。在利用近场扫描法完成逐一通道校准的基础上,使用旋转矢量法进行二次校准。在应用旋转矢量法（ REV)时,为使被测信号的变化明显,将大规模相控阵天线分为中间、边缘区域进行分区校准。通过二次校准可判定阵元是否失效,提高相控阵天线的幅相一致性;通过分区校准减小阵元间互耦的影响,缩短校准时间。仿真结果表明：此方法用于大型相控阵的校准具有较高的准确性,可改善校准结果。     

A flat four-beam compact phased array antenna

This paper presents a flat four-beam compact phased array antenna. The low-cost and compact phased array antenna is designed using a circular array of four circular microstrip antennas made of low-cost material and four 1-bit phase shifters. The main beam of the antenna can be switched in four directions with the gain of about 4 dBi in each main-beam direction. More than 90° half-power beamwidth and over 10 dB F/B ratio are obtained. In addition, the diversity performance is considered and the diversity performance of this antenna can be provided with the envelope correlation about 0.6     

Tamed adaptive antenna array

The adaptive array under directionaily constrained minimization of power (DCMP) algorithm is improved by adding a "pseudonoise." It is effective to protect the desired signal from cancellation or distortion in such cases as 1) where a coherent interference is incident, or 2) where the desired signal direction for the constraint contains some pointing error, or 3) when the desired signal is broad band, The optimum amount of pseudonoise to be added is also discussed and its formula is given. This system is named "tamed adaptive antenna" since its killing capability is somewhat moderated so as not to hurt the desired signal.     

Microstrip adaptive array antenna

A planar adaptive array of three microstrip patch antennas consisting of a central active microstrip antenna and two symmetrical lateral passive antennas is used to steer the beam. An electronic beam scanning of ±20° can be achieved with the control of reactive loads located into the lateral patches     

宽角扫描的圆极化相控线阵

设计了一款宽波束的圆极化天线单元以及1×4的天线阵列，实现了一维的宽角圆极化扫描.天线单元由单层的辐射贴片和介质基片集成波导（substrate integrated waveguide，SIW）背腔构成，通过在辐射贴片上切角微扰和开U型槽实现右旋圆极化，并利用SIW背腔缝隙展宽波束.同时利用SIW背腔减小阵列单元间的互耦，实现宽角圆极化扫描.仿真与测试结果表明，天线阵列实现了扫描角为-53°~57°，3 dB波束宽度覆盖范围为-76°~79°，在主波束扫描覆盖范围内轴比（axial ratio，AR）均小于3 dB，且在扫描范围内增益变化平稳，可实现良好的宽角范围的圆极化扫描特性.     

相控阵天线全光移相网络

采用全光移相网络的光控相控阵天线具有使空间波束实现宽带宽角扫描的优势.传统相控阵天线受电移相网络的自身特性限制,瞬时应用带宽有限.系统分析了典型全光移相网络的技术特点,以及各个技术合适的应用方向和方案.     

L频段共形相控阵天线研制

为满足机载系统的需要,给出了共形相控阵天线的分析和设计过程,同时研制了一种高度仅为0.14波长的准八木天线单元。利用三维电磁仿真软件HFSS对天线单元和共形相控阵进行了仿真设计,并研制了一套L频段共形相控阵天线。该天线由天线阵面、波束形成网络和波控器等构成。天线阵面由4个天线单元组成,共形安装在机头上。经实际测试,共形相控阵天线阵面的和波束在扫描范围内增益大于10 dBi,并具有较低的副瓣电平;差波束零深小于-20 dB。     

Planar near-field to far-field transformation using an array ofdipole probes

A method is presented for computing far-field antenna patterns from measured near-field data measured by an array of planar dipole probes. The method utilizes the near-field data to determine some equivalent magnetic current sources over a fictitious planar surface which encompasses the antenna. These currents are then used to find the far fields. The near-field measurement is carried out by terminating each dipole with 50 Ω load impedances and measuring the complex voltages across the loads. An electric field integral equation (EFIE) is developed to relate the measured complex voltages to the equivalent magnetic currents. The mutual coupling between the array of probes and the test antenna modeled by magnetic dipoles is taken into account. The method of moments with Galerkin's type solution procedure is used to transform the integral equation into a matrix one. The matrix equation is solved with the conjugate gradient-fast Fourier transformation (CG-FFT) method exploiting the block Toeplitz structure of the matrix. Numerical results are presented for several antenna configurations to show the validity of the method     

Two-dimensional scanning leaky-wave antenna by utilizing the phased array

An aperture-fed patch antenna array is connected to the open end of a short leaky-wave antenna (LWA) to demonstrate the two-dimensional beam-scanning capability in this paper. This design not only offers another radiation path of the reflected wave, but also creates another scanning radiation pattern on the back plane of the substrate. The reflected wave of the LWA is equally separated by a power divider, modulated by each varactor-tuned phase shifter, and injected into two radiating aperture-coupled antennas. The operated frequencies are tuned to control the LWA main position in the elevation plane; meanwhile, by tuning the phase difference between two phase shifters, the main beam of the aperture-coupled antenna array can be scanned in the backside E plane. Experimental result shows that the suppression of the reflected wave can be 7 dB at 10.0 GHz with a short LWA length of 6 cm (two wavelengths). The H-plane and backside E-plane scanning radiation patterns have great potential in many applications and provide more flexibility to traditional designs.     

相控阵天线时域有限差分计算中激励源分析

在时域有限差分(FDTD)方法用于偶极阵列天线数值计算时,采用带有内电阻的缝隙馈电激励源模型,及选择自由度较大的调制高斯脉冲信号,来提高数值算法迭代计算的收敛速度;在各馈电单元的时域信号中通过引入合适时间延迟,实现对相应单元相位的控制。用二元相控阵列天线模型,验证了算法和程序是正确的;用六元相控圆形阵列天线,分析了该算法在实际相控阵天线问题分析中的应用。     

Microstrip antenna phased array with electromagnetic bandgap substrate

Uniplanar compact electromagnetic bandgap (UC-EBG) substrate has been proven to be an effective measure to reduce surface wave excitation in printed antenna geometries. This paper investigates the performance of a microstrip antenna phased array embedded in an UC-EBG substrate. The results show a reduction in mutual coupling between elements and provide a possible solution to the "blind spots" problem in phased array applications with printed elements. A novel and efficient UC-EBG array configuration is proposed. A probe fed patch antenna phased array of 7/spl times/5 elements on a high dielectric constant substrate was designed, built and tested. Simulation and measurement results show improvement in the active return loss and active pattern of the array center element. The tradeoffs used to obtain optimum performance are discussed.