动态晶化对纳米晶交换耦合Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe磁性能和显微组织的影响

为改善纳米晶交换耦合Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe永磁合金微结构以提高磁性能，用熔体快淬和动态晶化热处理的方法制备了纳米晶交换耦合Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe永磁体，采用XRD和TEM等方法系统研究了动态晶化热处理对Nd10.5（FeCoZr）83.4B6.1永磁体磁性能和显微组织的影响。结果表明：与传统晶化相比，动态晶化可以在相同的晶化温度下缩短晶化时间，同时能细化晶粒，增强晶粒间磁交换耦合作用，提高磁性能。Nd10.5（FeCoZr）83．4B6.1合金快淬薄带经700℃，10min动态晶化热处理后，制得的粘结磁体获得最佳磁性能，剩磁Br=0．685T，内禀矫顽力Hcj=732kA／m，磁感矫顽力Hcb=429kA／m，最大磁能积（BH）m=75kJ／m^3。     

双相纳米晶Nd10Fe75Co5Zr3Cr0．5B6．5磁体的研究

采用熔体快淬及晶化热处理工艺制备Nd10Fe75Co5Zr3Cr0.5B6 5纳米晶合金.快淬薄片(17m·s-1)在710℃,4 min晶化处理后,晶粒尺寸为50 nm～60 nm.该快淬薄片经710℃,4min晶化处理后制成的粘结磁体的磁性能为Br=0.67 T,JHc=707 kA·m-1和(BH)max=74 kJ·m-3.     

Nb和Zr对（Nd，Pr）2Fe14B／α-Fe磁体晶化行为和磁性能的影响

采用熔体快淬及晶化退火工艺制备了纳米双相（Nd，Pr）2Fe14B／α-Fe型磁体，研究了Nb和Zr的添加对磁体磁性能、微观结构和晶化行为的影响。结果表明：添加Nb和Zr可提高α—Fe相的晶化温度，抑制α—Fe的析出和长大，避免亚稳相的形成，从而提高硬磁相的体积百分比。Nb和Zr复合添加能细化晶粒，增强硬磁相和软磁相问的交换耦合作用，显著提高纳米晶双相永磁合金的磁性能。合金（Nd，Pr）2Fe14B／α-Fe经过最佳热处理后，磁性能达到Br=1．10T，iHc=534．2kA／m，（BH）max=143．6kJ／m^3。     

PrFeBZr纳米复合永磁材料的研究

用振动样品磁强计(VSM)研究了PrxFe94.3-xB5.7Zr1(x=9．4，9．8，10．2，10．6，11，11．4)系列快淬带在淬速V=22m／s的淬态和真空退火态(670℃)样品的磁性能和磁滞回线的变化情况，发现该系列合金在淬速V=20m／s下样品S2(Pr11Fe83.3B5.7Zr1)取得了最好的磁性能为：Jc=0．76T，Hc=977．3kA／m，(BH)max=98．8kJ／m^3；最佳快淬和晶化热处理都可以使软磁相与硬磁相耦合。     

快淬Nd11Fe72Co8V1.5B7.5合金的研究

快淬速度 18m·s-1的Nd11Fe72 Co8V1.5B7.5薄片经 6 5 0℃× 4min晶化处理后 ,晶粒尺寸约 10 0nm ,该快淬薄片经 6 0 0℃× 4min晶化处理后制成的粘结磁体的磁性能 :Br=0 .6 6T ,JHC =780kA·m-1,(BH) max=6 9kJ·m-3 。     

添加Dy对纳米晶复合Nd8．5Fe77Ga0．6C05Zr2．7B6．2永磁材料磁性能和温度系数的影响

采用快淬后真空晶化退火工艺制备了成分为Nd8.5-xDyxFe77Ga0.6Co5Zr2.7B6.2（x=0,0．5,1．0）的纳米晶复合永磁粘结磁体,研究其磁性能和温度系数的变化。结果表明,添加Dy元素能有效提高磁体的内禀矫顽力,但使其剩磁和较大磁能积略有下降。Dy含量为0．5at％时,制得的粘结磁体具有较佳磁性能：Br=0．728T,jHc=656．3kA／m,（BH）max=76．2kJ/m^3。随着Dy元素的添加,合金的剩磁温度系数α逐渐降低,当Dy=1at％时,在20℃～150℃温度区间内平均剩磁温度系数α=-0．12％／℃。随着Dy元素的添加,合金的内禀矫顽力温度系数β呈先下降后上升的趋势。在Dy=0．5at％时,具有较低的β值,在20℃～150℃温度区间内平均内禀矫顽力温度系数β=-0．34％／℃。     

Dy元素对快淬(Nd, Pr)FeB合金的磁性能和晶化转变温度的影响

采用快淬法制备了镨基(Nd,Pr)10.5-xDyxFe83.5B6 (x=0,1,2)系列粘结磁体,测定了快淬条带晶化转变温度,研究了添加Dy元素对快淬合金条带晶化转变温度的影响。合金中添加Dy元素,快淬态条带晶化过程中非晶态向晶态转变的开始温度及结束温度提高,转变的温度区间增大。由于热稳定性的提高,条带晶化退火需要采用较高的温度。添加2%Dy元素的(Nd,Pr)8.5Dy2Fe83.5B6合金,最佳退火温度比 (Nd,Pr)9.5Dy1Fe83.5B6和(Nd,Pr)10.5Fe83.5B6分别提高了15和30 ℃。添加Dy元素的粘结磁体,内禀矫顽力Hcj增加,但剩磁Br下降,实验制备的(Nd,Pr)9.5Dy1Fe83.5B6合金磁体的磁性能为Br=0.638 T,Hcj=611 kA/m,(BH)m=71.6 kJ/m3     

纳米晶Nd10.1Fe76.2Co4.5Zr3B6.2 永磁材料制备工艺和磁性能的研究

采用熔体快淬及热处理工艺制备Nd10.1Fe76.2Co4.5Zr3B6.2永磁材料,研究了制备工艺参数和热处理工艺对材料结构和磁性能的影响.结果表明,粘结磁体的磁性能与熔体快淬和热处理工艺密切相关,快淬速度为20m/s的薄带经690℃×4min退火处理可得到最佳磁性能Br=0.714T、JHc=698kA/m、(BH)max=82.0kJ/m3.     

纳米晶复合NdFeCoZrB永磁合金磁性能和温度稳定性的研究

利用熔体快淬法和品化退火工艺制备了纳米晶复合NdFeB永磁粘结磁体,研究了添加Zr元素对磁体室温磁性能和温度稳定性的影响.结果表明,添加3at%Zr元素能明显提高磁体的矫顽力和最大磁能积.在淬速18 m/s、退火温度640℃下制备的Nd_(9.5_Fe_(76)Co_5Zr_3B_(6.5)粘结磁体具有良好的综合磁性能,即剩磁为0.71 T,矫顽力为652 kA/m,最大磁能积为80kJ/m~3.适量添加Zr元素可以有效改善磁体的温度稳定性,在20～150℃,纳米晶复合Nd_95Fe_(76)Co_5Zr_3B_(6.5)粘结磁体的剩磁温度系数为-0.13%/℃,内禀矫顽力温度系数为-0.35%/℃;在150℃时效100h后,不可逆磁通损失为-4.50%.     

热处理对Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe纳米复相磁体性能的影响

为改善纳米复合永磁合金的磁性能,用熔体快淬和晶化热处理的方法制备了纳米复相Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe永磁体,研究了热处理工艺对Nd8Fe77B6Co8Nb1纳米晶复合磁体磁性能的影响.结果表明,热处理温度和时间明显影响纳米晶的形成及其磁性能.该纳米复合磁体在700℃×7min进行热处理时,可获得较好的磁性能,其矫顽力Hci＝692kA/m,剩余磁感应强度Br＝0.50T,最大磁能积(BH)max=51kJ/m3.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.