裂变径迹定年技术的改进

叙述了国内外裂变径迹定年技术改进的必要性,并进行了技术改进。提出用裂变产物法刻度铀标准玻璃的常数b值,刻度三种铀标准玻璃,它们是NBS SRM962a、UB_1和UB_2。并建立了σ·φ=ρd/b测定中子注量的新方法,它避免了中子能谱变化对注量测定的影响。     

裂变径迹定年技术的改进

叙述了国内外裂变径迹定年技术改进的必要性,并进行了技术改进。提出用裂变产物法刻度铀标准玻璃的常数b值,刻度三种铀标准玻璃,它们是NBS SRM962a、UB_1和UB_2。并建立了σ·Φ=ρ_d/b测定中子注量的新方法,它避免了中子能谱变化对注量测定的影响。改进的锆石蚀刻方法采用NaOH KOH熔融蚀刻和HNO_3 HF混合酸二步蚀刻,使径迹蚀刻充分,径迹清晰度增加、干扰减少,真实地反映径迹密度;根据自发径迹在矿物晶面不同的角分布,划分角区观测径迹,并用改进的蚀刻方法消除径迹不均一的角分布,保证径迹观察的准确性。用改进的定年技术进行了实验室标准化刻度。用国际裂变径迹年龄标样测定证明这些技术对获取准确裂变径迹定年数据是可靠的和实用的。     

用于裂变径迹刻度的国产铀标准玻璃

叙述了用于裂变径迹刻度的国产铀标准玻璃的各项性能；并对铀玻璃中的铀含量进行了定值，对杂质元素进行了准确分析；检验的铀玻璃发裂变径迹的响应。     

应用标准铀玻璃进行中子注量率测定

我们采用美国国家标准局制备的标准铀玻璃进行反应堆中子注量率测量。测量方法如下: 1.内表面法 将实验中辐照过的标准玻璃和商品包中已经在美国国家标准局反应堆中辐照过的标准玻璃(RT-3或RT-4)一块进行抛磨,磨掉的厚度为30μm并抛光。用16％HF,于20℃蚀刻75秒钟,统计诱发裂变径迹密度。按下式计算注量率(φ_(ex))。     

CR-39塑料反冲径迹个人中子剂量计

本文叙述了一种用于测量中子剂量的“直接相互作用”型的CR-39塑料反冲径迹个人中子剂量计。该剂量计对~(241)Am-Be源的中子注量灵敏度约为(2.10±0.05)×10~(-4)径迹/n,可探测的中子注量下限约等于2.11×10~5n/cm~3,相应的中子剂量当量为7.81×10~(-5)Sv。总误差估计不超过±20％。     

用固体核径迹探测器测量反应堆周围的快、热中子注量率分布

固体核径迹探测器体积小,不受湿热、振动、电源波动等的影响,能够长时间记录低注量率中子。我们用以测量反应堆周围的中子注量率分布。 1.原理和方法 在本测量中采用~(238)U和~(235)U为裂变材料,云母为径迹探测器。用铀电镀成的可裂料片与云母探测器紧密贴合,在中子的作用下,铀的裂变碎片射入云母,形成径     

基于活化法及MCNP程序的临界装置功率刻度

介绍了临界装置功率刻度的方法,在不同功率台阶下利用活化法测量临界装置的中子注量率分布及归一点的绝对中子注量率,并利用经修改编译的MCNP程序对临界装置的中子注量率分布进行校核计算。基于中子注量率测量及计算结果通过裂变率法计算不同功率台阶下临界装置的功率,同时外推到堆芯最大热中子注量率为1×10⁸cm^-2•s^-1时的功率,实现了临界装置的功率刻度。     

固体径迹探测器测量绝对中子注量率的一种简便法

文章叙述了用4πβ-γ符合仪器测量金箔的活性,求得所测中子场的绝对中子注量率,然后对固体径迹探测器进行刻度。由于将几个因子归并为一个简单系数,简化了公式,用时十分方便。本方法适用于任何厚度的裂变源。     

用固体径迹探测器验证公式Φ_U（r）／_U≈Φ_M（r）／_M

利用固体径迹探测器测量反应堆不同位置燃料元件内的中子注量率，得到反应堆燃料元件内的中子注量率分布。与对应点慢化剂内中子注量率进行比较，对反应堆物理实验中一个近似假设公式ΦＵ（ｒ）／ΦＵ≈ΦＭ（ｒ）／ΦＭ进行了验证。给出了该公式成立的条件。     

~(241)Am-Be源和~(226)Ra-Be源的中子注量-剂量换算系数

在中子剂量仪表刻度和中子剂量计算中经常遇到单位注量中子与比释动能、吸收剂量、剂量当量之间的换算关系。它们之间的数值关系通常称为中子注量-剂量换算系数。在《放射防护规定》中规定职业放射性工作人员最大容许剂量当量为每年5雷姆。同时又对2.5毫雷姆/小时对应的中子通量(中子/厘米~2·秒)进行了规定(见附表1第7栏)。国际辐射防     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.