福建连成膨润土结构及性能的研究

采用XRD分析确定膨润土的晶相结构,并通过TDA分析,CEC测试,以及胶质价、pH值、吸蓝量、膨胀倍、比表面积等的测试实验,分析研究了福建连成膨润土的主要矿物组成及其理化性能,确定该膨润土为钠基膨润土,有着广阔的应用前景。     

福建武平膨润土的活化改性研究

以福建武平中山的铝基膨润土为原料经活化处理制成活性白土，从酸度、温度、粒度和不同矿层四个方面研究对活性白土的活性度、脱色率和游离酸等质量指标的影响情况，从而确定了生产活性白土的最佳工艺条件：酸度：20％，活化温度：90℃．原土粒度范围：60—80目。     

弱酸性蓝GR在羟基铁柱撑膨润土上的吸附研究

用无机大分子羟基铁离子对浙江天然膨润目进行柱撑,研究表明羟基铁子交换制得的柱撑膨润土具有很好的吸附能力（好于单纯钠有机化膨润土）;并研究了各测试条件的改变对弱酸性深蓝GR在改性膨润土的吸附去除率影响;测试了各种改性膨润土的等温吸附线。     

膨润土锂化工艺研究

通过对膨润土锂化改性及其过程各主要因素的讨论．得出锂基膨润土制备的最佳工艺。并对在最佳条件下制得的改性膨润土进行了物化性能测试和分散性实验．结果表明．改性膨润土的分散性、悬浮性、吸附性均得到很大的提高。     

恩斯林装置的改进及吸水率影响因素分析

吸水率是球团用膨润土的重要指标,直接影响造球效应和生球质量的稳定。研究表明,恩斯林装置中市售毛细管内径的差别,对膨润土吸水率的测定带来较大的误差。测定方法参照《非金属矿物化性能测试规程》。对恩斯林装置进行改进,使用2 ml的移液管代替毛细管,测试体积直读;并对试验装置进行固定、水平检测,试验条件进行优化,并分析了影响膨润土吸水率的几个因素。实验测试可以达到准确、简便检测的目的。     

焙烧温度对膨润土催化甲醇制氢活性的影响

采用膨润土为甲醇制氢催化剂,考察了不同焙烧温度下对膨润土在甲醇制氢反应中的催化活性的影响。采用XRD和IR测试手段,对膨润土催化剂的结构进行了表征。结果表明,在焙烧温度为800℃时,最高氢含量可达88.3%。高于此温度膨润土结构被破坏,低于此温度则膨润土层间水分、孔隙中的杂质不能完全脱失。     

膨润土改性产品性能的分析检测

对膨润土改性产品性能的分析检测方法进行了较为系统的归纳和总结，介绍了膨润土主要改性产品的技术要求及其主要质量指标的测试，为膨润土矿的开发利用和膨润土深加工产品技术性能的评价提供了依据。     

生物基细菌纤维素/膨润土无机凝胶复合材料的制备

通过向以水稀释3倍体积的玉米芯水解液中加入膨润土无机凝胶,利用木醋杆菌原位发酵技术制得细菌纤维素/膨润土无机凝胶复合材料,并对其微观形貌进行表征,对发酵液的pH、产量、糖转化率和持水量进行了测试。结果表明:扫描电子显微镜照片显示膨润土无机凝胶吸附于细菌纤维素的表面和孔内;发酵液的pH随膨润土无机凝胶添加量的增大而上升并最终保持在8左右;产量随膨润土无机凝胶添加量的增大而增大;糖转化率随膨润土无机凝胶添加量的增大而减小;复合材料的持水量随着膨润土无机凝胶添加量的增大而减小。     

纳米银插层膨润土抗菌剂的性能研究

以膨润土片层结构做模板,将银氨溶液与改性膨润土进行离子交换反应,通过光还原法制备得到了纳米银插层膨润土抗菌剂。通过高分辨透射电镜、能谱分析测试表征纳米银插层膨润土抗菌剂的结构与成分,并测试抗菌性能和白度变化。结果表明:纳米银插层膨润土抗菌剂的膨润土片层中夹插有球形纳米银,纳米银颗粒的主要粒径为2-8 nm,其中小部分粒径为8-17 nm,这种独特的模板结构确保纳米银抗菌剂结构稳定和性能稳定。纳米银插层膨润土抗菌剂中纳米银含银量为1.04wt%,有优异的抗菌性能,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为50μg/mL。纳米银插层膨润土抗菌剂具有颜色稳定性和持久抗菌性。     

膨润土锂化工艺研究

通过对膨润土锂化改性过程各主要因素的讨论，得出锂基膨润土制备的最佳工艺，并对在最佳条件下制得的改性膨润土进行了物化性能测试和分散实验，结果表明：改性膨润土的分散性、悬浮性、吸附性均得到很大的提高。其过程包括：原矿、浸泡、除杂、打浆、烘干、过筛、调浆、搅拌加热、锂化反应、过滤、烘干，得锂基膨润土。     

多孔碳柱撑膨润土的制备与表征

用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和苄基三甲基氯化铵改性膨润土制备了多孔碳柱撑膨润土.用Fourier变换红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜和氮气吸附-脱附、热分析系统地研究了有机改性剂对多孔材料性能的影响.结果表明:膨润土微粒与有机改性剂以共价键和离子嵌入2种形式结合;多孔碳柱撑膨润土的微观形貌呈针片状,最可几孔径分布大约在1.7nm;多孔材料的主要结构是由碳化的大粒子柱撑而构建的二维孔径,烧结后的有机黏土热稳定性大大提高.     

THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS ADDITION AGENTS AND TREATMENTS ON THE GREEN STRENGTH OF MISSOURI REFRACTORY CLAYS1

Tests were made with the plastic and semiflint fire clays of north central Missouri and the burley diaspore of south central Missouri. Aging plastic fire clay ten days produces about a 38% increase in modulus of rupture. Na₂CO₃ treatment produces about a 50% increase. Tannic acid which flocculates the colloids improved the modulus a good deal; an acid treatment after an alkali treatment, however, produced no added effect of importance. The effect of developing bacterial growth was marked, especially if aged for a considerable time. The addition of bentonite Collotone R increased the modulus almost 3 times. The maximum is reached with about 8% bentonite. The additive effect of dextrine in combination with bentonite is positive but of negligible consequence. Tennessee ball clay is without important positive effect in amounts up to 8%. Sodium silicate additions up to 8% gave negative results. With as little as 4% bentonite the modulus of rupture of flint clay is tripled. Aging of flint clay has an important positive effect. Effect of the bentonite can be obtained in the dry-press, stiff-mud, or soft-mud bodies, but it is greatest in the stiff-mud. Burley clay is less self-bonding than the flint and the effect of the bentonite was more marked even than in the case of flint. Four per cent bentonite increased the modulus of rupture to about 4 1/2 times its original modulus of rupture. The modulus of rupture of flintclay-bentonite mixtures might approach that of plastic fireclay-bentonite mixtures at high contents of bentonite, leading to the indication that in the case of these two clays the total colloidal content is the determining factor. With 3% bentonite the modulus of rupture of the flint is made equal to that of the plastic and straight, a result applicable to problems where the dissolving out of the bonding material in the refractory is a determining factor in service. The P.C.E. of the plastic fire clay drops 1 cone for 3% and 2 cones for 6% of bentonite addition.     

改性膨润土在橡胶中应用

讨论了改性膨润土对丁苯胶和天然胶硫化胶的力学性能影响，并同活性碳酸钙和活性陶土进行了比较，还用哈克流交仪研究了改性膨润土同丁苯胶的混合性能及改性膨润土对丁苯胶和天然胶硫化的焦烧时间的影响。     

建筑涂料用膨润土的探讨

概述了膨润土的特性及其在建筑涂料中的作用。提出建筑涂料中采用膨润土是降低涂料成本和改善涂料性能的有效措施之一。为了提高涂料用膨润土的质量，对膨润土资源的开发、利用等提出建议     

膨润土增稠流变剂的特性与应用

膨润土增稠流变剂具有流变性能稳定、适用范围广、价格低廉等特点。阐述丁该类流变剂的结构、特性及其作用机理。介绍了有机膨润土在溶剂型漆和乳胶漆中的使用方法及应用实例。     

低阶烟煤制取型煤的成型机理研究

选用水玻璃、膨润土和赤泥三种无机黏结剂,分别以四种不同的掺入量和低阶烟煤粉煤混合制取型煤.对型煤样品进行抗压强度的测定表明,型煤抗压强度随黏结剂掺比增大而增大,其中以膨润土为黏结剂的型煤强度远高于以水玻璃和赤泥为黏结剂的型煤强度,进一步的型煤微观结构电镜分析也证实了以膨润土为黏结剂的型煤其黏结性能相对最好,电镜切片表明,膨润土以朵状凝胶体楔入煤粒孔隙中并在煤粒表面形成整体网状结构.由于低阶烟煤自身的性质,以其制取的型煤往往对成型压力比较敏感,实验表明型煤的冷强度随成型压力的增大先增大后减小,存在一个最优成型压力.     

膨润土的开发应用

阐述了膨润土的结构特点、膨胀性、阳离子交换性、悬浮性、分散性、亲水性、稳定性、触变性和毒性等性能。根据制备膨润土的反应原理,介绍了生产膨润土的主要原料和3种制备工艺:湿法、干法和预凝胶法。同时,文章简介了膨润土的应用领域。     

膨润土作黏结剂制备型煤的研究

以膨润土为黏结剂,采用冷压成型制备出型煤,主要研究了膨润土含量、水分、成型压力和粉煤粒度对型煤抗压强度的影响.结果表明:型煤抗压强度、灰分均与膨润土含量成正比,并得出其线性方程,可根据其工艺需要确定膨润土加入量,计算产品的灰分.水分控制在14％～16％,成型压力为40 kN,膨润土含量为7％时,可制备出平均抗压强度为1420 N/个,灰分为11.7％的型煤.     

EFFECT OF EXCHANGEABLE CATIONS ON HYDROPHILIC NATURE OF KAOLIN AND BENTONITE*

The affinity for water of a kaolinite-type clay (kaolin) and a montmorillonite-type clay (bentonite), saturated with hydrogen, calcium, sodium, and potassium, was studied by three methods, namely, heat of wetting as determined by calorimetric measurements, sorption of water from the vapor phase by weighing, and desorption or removal of water by differential-thermal analysis. It was shown that hydrogen and calcium clays had a greater affinity for water than sodium and potassium clays. Although the bentonite evolved more heat and sorbed more water per gram of clay, it evolved less heat and sorbed less water per milliequivalent of exchangeable cation than did the kaolin; the differences in the effects of various cations were more pronounced in bentonite than in kaolin. The results may be explained as follows from considerations of the mineral structures: (1) A greater amount of water hydrates the surface of kaolinite in proportion to that hydrating the exchangeable cations than is the case in montmorillonite and (2) the exchangeable cations may be hydrated to a greater degree (i.e., less strongly held) on kaolinite than on montmorillonite.