基于数字预失真技术的有记忆功放线性化研究

现代通信系统中,具有较大峰均比和带宽的线性调制信号经过大功率功放会产生非线性失真和记忆效应.针对高峰均比的宽带输入信号,提出一套联合峰均比抑制技术和基带自适应预失真技术来改善功放非线性失真的可行方案.并仿真了峰值抵消算法和自适应预失真算法,结果表明对于峰均比为7.6dB的输入信号,经过1dB的削峰处理后,预失真器改善带外频谱抑制25dB左右,有效的补偿了功放的非线性失真和记忆效应,提高了功放效率,对功放线性化技术有一定的实用价值.     

自适应宽带数字预失真理论分析和仿真

研究优化宽带性能问题,在多载波调制系统中,具有较大峰均比的宽带线性调制信号经过射频功率放大器会产生非线性失真和记忆效应.为了消除功放非线性带来的影响,提出了宽带自适应数字预失真技术,采用间接学习结构设计预失真系统,记忆多项式模型进行功放辨识,并运用递推最小二乘算法更新预失真器参数.仿真结果表明,预失真器改善带外频谱抑制25dB左右,有效地补偿了功放的非线性失真和记忆效应,提高了功放效率,对通信传输质量有了提高,并为优化设计提供了参考.     

简化的滤波器查找表与神经网络联合预失真方法

针对功率放大器的记忆非线性特性给通信系统带来的失真问题,提出一种改进的滤波器查找表(FLUT)预失真方法.在FLUT方法的基础上,改进FLUT预失真结构及简化自适应更新部分.采用传输窄带序列训练神经网络模型弥补功率放大器的非线性特性,利用二维滤波器码表补偿功放的记忆效应.通过将功率放大器的非线性特性和记忆效应分开处理,降低神经网络模型的计算复杂度.仿真结果表明,改进方法能有效降低系统误码率,抑制带外频谱扩展,减少带内失真,与原FLUT方法相比,对记忆功率放大器有更好的线性化效果.     

一种BP逆模型离线训练自适应预失真方法

为了进一步改善非线性功率放大器系统的线性度,提出了一种基于BP神经网络逆向建模的离线训练自适应预失真方法。利用BP神经网络对功放逆向建模,并将建立好的逆模型参数作为预失真器模型初值。为了提高在初始预失真系统中预失真器的线性化效果及系统自适应进程的速度,在建立自适应预失真系统之前,利用BP逆向模型对预失真器进行离线训练。最后采用直接结构和最小均方（LMS）算法调节神经网络预失真器的权值,以消除放大器非线性的扰动。仿真结果显示,此方案可使邻道互调功率降低约18 dB,而经典的直接—非直接结构只降低了8 dB,表明此预失真方案能够更好地改善功率放大器的线性度。     

基于自适应模糊神经网络的功放预失真新方法

针对无线通信系统中记忆非线性功率放大器预失真结构不足和精度不高等问题,提出了一种基于模糊神经网络模型识别的双环学习结构自适应预失真方法。该方法以实数延时模糊神经网络模型为基础,采用改进的简化粒子群优化（Simplified Particle Swarm Optimization,SPSO）算法进行间接学习结构离线训练模糊神经网络来确定模型参数,作为预失真器的初值,再利用最小均方（Least Mean Square,LMS）算法进行直接学习结构在线微调整预失真器参数,拟合功放的非线性和记忆效应。该方法结构简单,收敛速度快且精度高,避免了局部最优。实验结果表明,该方案邻信道功率比经典的双环结构预失真方法约改善7 dB,功放的线性化性能明显提高,由此验证了其可行性。     

基于数字预失真技术的功放线性化研究

无线通信系统中,由于功放本身的非线性失真,导致信号带外产生频谱,限制了数据速率和频谱利用率。通过分析功放非线性原理,针对无记忆和记忆两种功放行为模型,提出分别采用查找表算法和最小二乘与最小均方误差相结合的算法进行线性优化。在Matlab环境下创建数字基带预失真链路模型。仿真结果表明,预失真器对两种模型中功率谱密度的改善分别达到39dB和15dB,提高了功放效率,降低了邻道干扰。针对不同功放类型的线性化进行对比研究讨论,并选择出适合不同功放的最优算法,具有较好的预失真效果,为设计实际功放线性化电路具有指导意义。     

带记忆效应的射频功放数字基带预失真

在无线通信系统中，射频大功率器是产生非线性失真的主要器件，预失真技术因其成本低廉、自适应能力强、效率高等优势成为最有发展潜力的线性化技术。本文介绍了射频功放的记忆效应及用于识别HPA记忆效应的数字预失真器的结构和特点,提出了基于Wiener模型预失真器的相关算法。通过计算机仿真验证了该算法的有效性以及基于Wiener模型的数字预失真技术能够有效改善记忆功放的线性化，从而提高发射机的整体性能。     

功率放大器的线性化研究

在通信系统中,为了达到发射要求,信号要求具有较高的功率,需要通过高功率放大器对信号进行放大.功放非线性属于有源电子器件的固有特性,研究其机理并采取措施改善,具有重要意义.对功放的记忆效应和非线性特性进行分析研究,提出一种多项式预失真优化算法,利用和记忆多项式模型构建放大器的非线性模块,并在放大器模块前采用间接学习结构设计预失真器,利用最小二乘算法原理优化预失真器参数.仿真结果表明,预失真处理后输出信号的相邻信道功率比有较好的改善,接近理想功放线性化放大原则.改进算法使这两个模块的合成总效果可使整体输入-输出特性线性化,输出功率得到了充分利用.     

记忆非线性功率放大器的高效预失真

记忆非线性放大器的预失真问题一直是预失真技术的难点。通常采用Volterra级数、Hammerstein模型和神经网络等模型的记忆预失真都存在形式复杂、自适应困难的缺点。文章通过增加两个延时环节将基于多项式的无记忆放大器的高效预失真结构推广到有记忆放大器的预失真中,并联合一种简单的带抽头延时的非线性多项式模型作为记忆预失真器模型实现了记忆非线性放大器的快速、高效的线性化。仿真结果表明,利用所提出的预失真方案能快速实现记忆放大器的预失真,而且显著提高了线性化性能。     

基于直接学习法的一种新预失真器

为了克服宽带信号经过记忆放大器的非线性失真,针对有记忆非线性功放的多项式模型,提出了一种新的基于直接学习法的自适应算法.该算法采用无记忆预失真器的级联扩展,具有横向滤波器结构,与记忆多项式有相似的线性化效果.并且针对信号噪声对自适应算法的扰动和收敛速度慢等缺点,采用归一化LMS算法加以改进.在非线性功放的记忆多项式模型下,通过宽带信号验证了基于直接学习法的记忆型预失真器算法的有效性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。