不等间隔时间采样高精度雷达数据仿真方法

研究高精度雷达数据采样问题。雷达数据采样时要求数据的准确性。传统雷达数据采用是基于等间隔时间采样的,具有精度低、误差大的缺陷,无法满足高精度定位的需求。针对上述问题,提出一种采用不等间隔时间采样的高精度雷达数据仿真方法。通过为飞行器建立基本的运动模型,采用分段组合的方法生成目标运动轨迹。在此基础上结合雷达的扫描体制与目标的运动特性,采用迭代法实现了对目标运动轨迹进行精确采样。实验结果表明,改进方法能够生成连续、光滑的目标运动轨迹,生成具有精确位置信息的仿真雷达数据,可用于多雷达航迹融合等对仿真雷达数据精度要求较高的场合。     

基于DCFT的Chirp矩阵采样重构算法

在Chirp矩阵的压缩采样中,针对离散傅里叶变换(DFT)相关检测算法重构精度较差、可用信号稀疏度有限的问题,提出一种基于离散Chirp-Fourier变换(DCFT)的重构算法。根据信号稀疏度k增加采样数,使采样矩阵具有对k值大的信号有准确重构的能力;选择采样信号k个最大的DCFT幅值所对应的原子索引来击中信号非零元的位置,以减少DFT相关算法中交调干扰造成的最佳原子误检测;利用最小二乘法估计各非零元的幅值,进一步减小重构误差。对长度为1 681的一维信号进行采样和重构实验,结果表明,该算法重构的信号稀疏度增大至DFT相关检测算法的4倍,并且时间复杂度仍为O(kN)。     

基于马尔可夫决策过程的群体动画运动轨迹生成

近些年来,群体动画在机器人学、电影、游戏等领域得到了广泛的研究和应用,但传统的群体动画技术均涉及复杂的运动规划或碰撞避免操作,计算效率较低.本文提出了一种基于马尔可夫决策过程（MDPs）的群体动画运动轨迹生成算法,该算法无需碰撞检测即可生成各智能体的无碰撞运动轨迹.同时本文还提出了一种改进的值迭代算法用于求解马尔可夫决策过程的状态-值,利用该算法在栅格环境中进行实验,结果表明该算法的计算效率明显高于使用欧氏距离作为启发式的值迭代算法和Dijkstra算法.利用本文提出的运动轨迹生成算法在三维（3D）动画场景中进行群体动画仿真实验,结果表明该算法可实现群体无碰撞地朝向目标运动,并具有多样性.     

交替捕食的粒子群优化算法及其粒子轨迹收敛性分析

为避免算法陷入局部极值,在捕食者一猎物协同进化机制基础上,提出了一种交替捕食的粒子群优化算法(APPSO).对该算法迭代过程进行了分析,给出并证明了粒子运动轨迹收敛的充分条件.为使粒子运动轨迹可靠收敛,构建了一种参数设置方法.通过迭代矩阵谱半径计算、SQRT序列采样,对该算法的粒子轨迹收敛速度进行了分析.基准测试函数仿真结果表明,交替捕食的PSO算法具有较佳的搜索性能.     

基于仿生关节链球坐标系的虚拟手势生成

为解决传统手势获取手段外设昂贵、使用复杂等问题,提出基于仿生关节链球坐标系的虚拟手势生成方法。根据手部特征设计虚拟手骨结构,对其中运动节点建立不同的链球坐标系,改进原有的坐标系转换算法,可通过调整角度参数产生任意静态手势。利用同源连续性原理将静态手势转化为高维空间点,仿照二维点运动轨迹规律进行采样,产生动态手势序列。结合提出的链球坐标系角度判断方法,通过真实姿态模拟,验证算法可以准确地生成指定手势,是方便高效的虚拟手势生成方法。     

基于自适应眼底光学成像原理的目标跟踪仿真研究

针对运动物体可能具有较为复杂的运动轨迹,从而导致传统跟踪算法失败的问题,提出了一种基于人眼视网膜眼底凹区成像原理的跟踪仿真算法.首先利用线性、正弦等函数模拟仿真具有复杂运动轨迹的运动目标,利用多分辨率方法,采用金字塔结构生成人眼视网膜中央凹区仿真图像,在此基础上进行跟踪算法模拟.通过试验仿真,可以有效地实现目标跟踪,并...     

基于接收信号强度指示测距的蒙特卡罗盒移动节点定位算法

针对无线传感器网络(WSN)中以蒙特卡罗为基础的移动节点定位算法在采样效率和定位精度方面的不足,提出一种基于接收信号强度指示(RSSI)测距的蒙特卡罗盒定位(MCB)算法。通过对RSSI测距信息分区间管理来加强过滤条件,提高定位精度;同时采样阶段利用已满足过滤条件的样本点生成更有效的样本,从而提高采样效率;最后通过牛顿插值法预测节点运动轨迹,样本点与未知节点运动轨迹越接近则其权值越大,据此对样本点进行加权处理得到节点的最佳估计位置。仿真结果表明,改进方案在不同的锚节点密度、通信半径、运动速度等情况下均表现出良好性能,且定位精度与同等条件下的蒙特卡罗盒算法相比均有提高。     

基于执行时间约束的机器人关节空间轨迹优化

为在保证机器人运动轨迹的平滑性的条件下提高机器人工作效率,提出一种基于轨迹执行时间归一化处理的关节空间运动轨迹规划优化算法。对轨迹的执行时间进行归一化处理,分析关节空间位置、速度、加速度的运动轨迹相对于归一化时间的数学模型;考虑关节运动参数的约束条件,采用五次多项式拟合机器人在关节空间的运动轨迹,分析不同轨迹执行时间对关节位置运动轨迹的超调量的影响,实现机器人关节空间的位置轨迹优化;在M atlab环境里对机器人的运动轨迹进行仿真建模,完成机器人运动学仿真。多组仿真结果表明,该算法在保证机器人轨迹平滑的基础上,能保证轨迹执行时间最优,有效地提高机器人的运动效率。     

一种面向视觉注意区域检测的运动分割方法*

结合视觉显著区检测的特点,本文提出一种面向视觉注意区域检测的运动分割方法。该方法用一种层次聚类方法将特征点的运动轨迹进行聚类。首先用中值偏移算法扩大了不同类型运动之间特征向量的差距,同时缩小了相同运动类型的差别。继而,用一种无监督聚类算法,将不同类型的运动进行分割,同时自动获得运动分类数。最后利用运动分割结果,提出一种结合空间和颜色采样的运动显著区域生成方法。与以往方法相比,该方法能够将不同类型的运动自动进行分割,生成的视觉注意区域更为准确,而且稳定性大幅提高。实验结果证明了该方法的有效性和稳定性。     

基于双眼同步运动特征约束的Kalman瞳孔跟踪算法

针对注视点研究中,红外光照明下双眼瞳孔运动的定位跟踪存在误差的问题,以双眼实时图像为研究对象,提出一种基于双眼同步运动特征约束的瞳孔跟踪算法.根据人类双眼在注视过程中的同步运动特征,把双眼瞳孔间距矢量作为隐式参数进行估计,简化包含左右眼位置、速度和双眼瞳孔间距的模型为统一的双眼同步跟踪模型,运用Kalman滤波器实现了运动特征估计和状态跟踪.实验采用自制的头戴式注视点传感装置进行眼部图像的采集.实验表明,该算法跟踪精度高,抗干扰能力强.相较于传统的以左右瞳孔位置与速度以及左右眼相对位置为状态量的算法,本文算法在位置跟踪和速度跟踪的鲁棒性上有明显改善,算法计算量也明显减少.另外,经过本文算法处理后的注视点位置估计精度大大提高,为注视点在人机交互领域中的进一步应用奠定了基础.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.