数字分形图像分形维数计算

针对数字图像分形维数计算准确度较低问题,为提高图像精确性,消除噪声,设计了基于图像处理和分形维数计算的一体化系统.对具有分形特征的数字图像进行了灰度转换、去噪、阈值分割和轮廓提取处理,得到二值轮廓数字图像;利用计盒维数算法,统计一系列不同像素边长的正方形覆盖二值轮廓数字图像,根据像素数量和正方形个数之间的关系,确定数字图像的分形维数.结果表明,对分形图像的处理简单、方便,通过对kochsnow曲线、Sierpinski垫片等有规则分形图像分形维数的仿真计算,验证了方法的准确性、可靠性和简便性,能为数字图像分形维数的计算提供可靠工具.     

基于Hilbert扫描和小波变换的自适应图像分割

阈值的选择是图像阈值分割法的关键,针对现有阈值法中存在的没有充分地考虑图像像素之间的空间相关信息等问题,提出把Hilbert图像扫描方法和小波变换相结合,获得了连续光滑的阈值曲线,从而建立了一种局部自适应阈值法。首先通过Hilbert图像扫描的方法将2维图像信息转化为1维Hilbert序列;然后利用小波变换对其进行多分辨分析获得信号的发展趋势曲线,并将该曲线作为阈值曲线对Hilbert序列进行量化处理;最后对量化后的Hilbert序列运用Hilbert图像扫描的反过程恢复为2维图像信息,从而实现原图像的分割。该方法所建立的阈值曲线能够随像素点的环境变化而自适应调整,反映出当前区域图像灰度信息的变化趋势,从而充分地保留了图像的局部信息和原图像中相邻像素的相关性,提高了图像分割效率。实验结果表明,该方法具有分割性能好以及受噪声影响小等优点,是一种非常有效的图像分割方法。     

基于改进的Sobel算子最大嫡图像分割研究

研究图像分割精度问题。针对传统的Sobel算子图像分割容易造成图像分割不清晰、对比度不明显、分割精度低等问题缺陷,提出一种改进的Sobel算子的二维最大墒数字图像分割方法。算法首先根据数字图像特征对图像进行初分割,然后应用Sobel算子检测出数字图像真正的边缘,将通过Sobel算法边缘检测获得的阂值应用到二维最大墒分割方法中。对数字图像目标和目标边缘分别使用不同的阂值进行分割,解决由于局部图像叠加而产生的分割不准确的问题。仿真实验表明,提出的算法对图像分割鲁棒性好,分割准确率高,是一种有效适用的算法。     

一种基于K-L变换和Otsu阈值选择的彩色图像分割算法

提出了一种基于K-L变换和Otsu阈值法的彩色图像分割算法.该算法选取HSV彩色空间对图像进行处理,对色度使用K-L变换使其降为一维.考虑到人眼视觉特性,对亮度和色度分别用Otsu阈值法处理,得到图像的二维特征图.最后将具有相同二维特征的邻接像素合并即完成分割.仿真结果表明,该算法有效地提高了分割的速度和质量.     

基于粒子群优化算法的二维最大相关法图像分割

二维最大相关法图像分割算法充分利用了图像像素的灰度分布信息和各像素间的空间相关信息,因此算法的抗干扰能力强、图像分割效果好.但该算法的搜索空间大、计算时间长.为解决这一问题,提出了一种基于粒子群优化算法的二维最大相关法.该算法充分利用粒子群优化算法的特点,并对其进行了有益的改进,提高了算法的性能和搜索速度.实验结果证明了该算法的快速性、有效性和稳定性.     

粒子群算法在二维Otsu图像分割中的应用研究

研究图像识别优化提取目标问题,噪声影响使图像目标识别精度差,效率低.传统Otsu算法的阈值的选取大多采用穷尽的搜索方式,运算效率较低,抗噪能力不强,容易产生误分割.为了提高图象分割效率和分割精度,提出一种粒子群优化算法的二维Otsu图像分割方法.方法首先对图像进行去噪处理,绘制出图像的二维直方图,根据二维直方图信息选取适当灰度值作为混沌粒子群算法中的初始粒子,每个粒子代表一个可行的二维阈值向量,通过粒子群之间的协作来获得最优阈值,可采用最优阈值划分像素,实现图像分割.实验结果表明,相对于传统Otsu图像分割算法,不仅得到了更高的图像分割精度,计算量也大大减少,提高分割效率,有利于提高图像处理的实时性,也证实了将粒子群算法用于阈值分割是可行的.     

相似背景下的苹果图像分割方法仿真研究

研究基于图像的苹果分割问题.针对传统基于背景颜色像素的区别,利用像素相减的方法进行苹果图像的分割,当图像中,苹果颜色和树叶颜色相近的时候,边缘像素相减的结果变化不明显,算法根据结果不能完整的分割苹果图像的问题.本文提出基于改进的主成分分析算法的苹果图像分割方法.通过像素概率知识,将苹果图像的颜色特征进行归类,运用边 缘像素排序的方法,描述苹果图像边沿的细节信息.排除相似边沿像素的干扰.实验证明,这种改进后的方法实现了在与自身颜色相似情况下苹果图像的完整分割,取得了满意的效果.     

基于改进自生成神经网络的肺部CT序列图像分割

针对肺实质序列图像分割方法的时效性低和分割不完全性等问题,利用先验知识得到肺部CT序列ROI图像,提出超像素序列分割算法对ROI序列图像进行分割,采用改进的自生成神经网络对超像素进行聚类并优化,根据聚类后样本的灰度和位置特征识别肺实质区域。在序列肺实质图像的分割结果中,单张CT图像的平均处理时间为0.61s,同时能达到92.09±1.52%的平均肺部体素重合度。与已有的方法相比,所提算法能在相对较短的时间内获得较高的分割精准度。     

复杂背景下彩色数字图像分割算法研究

为了提高复杂背景下彩色数字图像分割的准确率,减少噪声对图像处理的干扰,尽可能的缩短运行时间,需要对复杂背景下彩色数字图像分割算法进行研究。当前图像分割算法在彩色数字图像分割的过程中,仅仅考虑了图像像素的亮度值,没有考虑其空间特征,存在计算的复杂性过大等缺陷,影响彩色数字图像处理效果。为此,提出了一种基于随机权重粒子群的复杂背景下彩色数字图像分割算法。该算法先采用多尺度均匀滤波方法,对复杂背景下彩色数据图像进行划分,其中包含噪声和不含噪声的像素点的亮度值、结构元素以及局部区域内的图像像素加权亮度密度特征。采用多段图分割获取彩色数字图像的优化分割,在平滑项中代入彩色数字图像梯度信息,对彩色数字图像分割结果中的弱边界进行剔除,从而实现准确的彩色数字图像分割。实验仿真证明,所提算法增加了彩色数字图像分割的对比度和信噪比,提高了复杂背景下彩色数字图像分割的准确性。     

基于二维Arimoto熵的阈值分割方法

提出基于二维Arimoto熵的阈值分割方法.首先由图像的像素值及其邻域像素均值得到图像的二维直方图,然后从二维直方图中计算出二维Arimoto熵.当二维Arimoto熵达到最大时,对应的灰度级对即为分割阈值.通过引入二维联合幂概率分布建立快速算法,使算法速度大大提高,易于硬件实现.大量的对比实验表明,本文算法表现稳定,总体的分割效果优于基于二维Renyi熵和二维Shannon熵的阈值分割算法.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.