连续PH 分布数据拟合的确定性退火BP算法

针对目前连续PH 分布数据拟合EM(Expectation-Maximization)算法存在的初值敏感问题,提出运用确定性退火EM 算法进行连续PH 分布数据拟合,给出了详细的理论推导,并通过两个拟合实例与标准EM 算法进行了对比.对比结果表明所提出的方法可以有效地避免初值选择的不同对EM 算法结果的影响,减小陷入局部最优的可能性,能得到比标准EM算法更好的结果.     

连续PH分布数据拟合的确定性退火EM算法

针对目前连续PH分布数据拟合EM(Expectation-Maximization)算法存在的初值敏感问题,提出运用确定性退火EM算法进行连续PH分布数据拟合,给出了详细的理论推导,并通过两个拟合实例与标准EM算法进行了对比.对比结果表明所提出的方法可以有效地避免初值选择的不同对EM算法结果的影响,减小陷入局部最优的可能性,能得到比标准EM算法更好的结果.     

钢轨疲劳重伤威布尔分布的三个参数的估计方法

钢轨的疲劳重伤失效概率服从威布尔分布。但在估计其威布尔分布的三个参数时,传统的图解法效率低,且误差较大。而将威布尔函数转换成线性函数后进行最小二乘拟合的算法,则需要在一维上搜索相关系数的最大值。提出利用下山单纯形算法进行参数估计,并根据钢轨重伤威布尔模型的参数一般分布情况,构造合理的初始单纯形。结果表明,下山单纯形法在估计参数时,精度高,速度快,能有效地估计钢轨重伤威布尔分布的三个参数。     

多台同型系统不同步可靠性增长的研究及应用

在可靠性增长过程为威布尔过程的假设下,推导了多台同型系统不同步的可靠性增长的数据处理方法,包括参数估计和拟合优度检验,并介绍了为实现应用所需编制的仿真程度和有关的计算程序。     

进化策略在极大似然法参数估计中的应用

采用极大似然法进行参数估计,是为了避免传统优化算法的缺点。本文采用进化策略算法与极大似然参数估计法相结合使参数估计变量不再受初始值影响,从而可获得全局更优的解。最后,以威布尔三参数分布为例进行参数估计。结果表明,该方法有求解精度高和收敛速度快的优点,从而使进化策略算法能更好地应用于数理统计中。     

基于SVM的动车组电流互感器可靠性研究

动车组在牵引传动与保护系统中采用的电流互感器为直通式电磁电流互感器,具有较高的可靠性,通过分析其故障机理建立了故障树,采集数据时发现在一定时间范围内底事件发生的次数较少,属于小样本数据,对其采用非线性支持向量机结合中位秩与johnson算法扩大样本数据,进而估算威布尔分布参数,且通过与传统的最小二乘法进行了对比,验证了...     

EM算法研究与应用

引入了可处理缺失数据的EM算法.EM算法是一种迭代算法,每一次迭代都能保证似然函数值增加,并且收敛到一个局部极大值.对EM算法的基本原理和实施步骤进行了分析.算法的命名,是因为算法的每一迭代包括两步:第一步求期望(Expectation Step),称为E步;第二步求极大值(Maximization Step),称为M步.EM算法主要用来计算基于不完全数据的极大似然估计.在此基础上,把EM算法融合到状态空间模型的参数估计问题.给出了基于Kalman平滑和算法的线性状态空问模型参数估计方法.     

改进超声回波信号处理的探伤检测方法

针对超声检测中现有超声回波参数估计方法实用性低的问题,改进超声回波信号预处理方法,缩减了数据处理量.采用超声回波高斯模型和最大期望(EM)算法,不仅改善了EM算法的缺点,提高了EM算法的收敛速度,而且提高了参数估计精度.数字仿真与应用实验结果均表明:所提方法在保证检测精度的基础上,提高了运算速度和算法的实用性.     

高斯混合模型聚类中EM算法及初始化的研究

EM算法是参数估计的重要方法,其算法核心是根据已有的数据来迭代计算似然函数,使之收敛于某个最优值。EM算法收敛的优劣很大程度上取决于其初始参数。运用EM算法来实现高斯混合模型聚类,如何初始化EM参数便成为一个关键的问题。在比较其他的初始化方法的基础上,引入“binning”法来初始化EM。实验结果表明,应用binning法来初始化EM的高斯混合模型聚类优于其它传统的初始化方法。     

嵌套删失数据期望最大化的高斯混合聚类算法

针对聚类问题中的非随机性缺失数据,本文基于高斯混合聚类模型,分析了删失型数据期望最大化算法的有效性,并揭示了删失数据似然函数对模型算法的作用机制.从赤池弘次信息准则、信息散度等指标,比较了所提出方法与标准的期望最大化算法的优劣性.通过删失数据划分及指示变量,推导了聚类模型参数后验概率及似然函数,调整了参数截尾正态函数的...     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.