岩石声发射信号能量分布特征的EMD分析

冲击荷载作用下岩石声发射信号具有瞬态性和多样性的特点,属于典型的非平稳信号。利用EMD方法对岩石声发射信号进行分解,得到一系列具有不同特征时间尺度的IMF分量,对每一个平稳的IMF分量提取能量特征。分析结果表明：冲击荷载作用下岩石声发射信号能量主要分布在前4个IMF分量内,且分布不均匀;岩石声发射信号各IMF分量的频谱与原始信号的频谱基本一致;随着岩石的密度、纵波波速、弹性模量的降低,冲击荷载作用下岩石声发射信号的优势频率越来越集中,且其优势频率有往低频发展的趋势;相比小波包分析,EMD分析法对于非平稳信号而言更具适应性。     

Boundary element solution of 3-D wave scatter problems in a poroelastic medium

This study details the development of boundary integral equations suitable for treating problems involving the scatter of a plane harmonic wave by an inclusion embedded in an infinite poroelastic medium. The pore pressure-solid displacement form of the harmonic equations of motion are developed from the form of the equations originally presented by Biot. Fundamental solutions and a generalized reciprocal work relation are developed, and these are used to formulate a solution representation in terms of an integral over the inclusion surface. The corresponding boundary integral equations are developed in a form that is integrable in the usual sense, eliminating the need to evaluate Cauchy principal value integrals. These boundary integral equations are discretized and implemented into a boundary element computer program. The so-called forbidden frequency problem which causes computational difficulties in boundary integral treatments of wave scatter in elastic and acoustic media is shown to be absent in the poroelastic case. Numerical results obtained from the boundary element program are compared with analytical results for some test problems, and the program appears to produce accurate results at moderate frequencies.     

Long wave motion in layered elastic media

Long wave motion in a geometrically symmetric 3-layer laminated elastic structure is investigated. The associated dispersion relation is established for three different boundary value problems. For all three cases, numerical solutions are presented and a long wave asymptotic analysis carried out, in each case the cut-off frequencies being shown to satisfy transcendental equations. Long wave approximations are employed to determine the asymptotic orders of the displacement components in the various long wave regimes. The asymptotic structures in a single layer plate associated with bending, extension, thickness stretch resonance and thickness shear resonance are well-known. It is shown that these structures are preserved within the multi-layer problem. This work provides the theoretical framework to generalise the above mentioned theories.     

岩石冲击损伤试验的数值流形方法模拟

主要根据岩石在冲击载荷作用下的变形与破坏特征,对现有的仅适用于模拟基于线性本构关系和恒定载荷作用下物体变形规律的数值流形程序进行了扩展.程序的扩展主要集中在3个方面:添加了由程序本身决定的程序运行终止条件,把恒定的载荷作用扩展为三角波载荷作用,改变原来的单一线弹性本构关系为由冲击损伤本构关系和线弹性本构关系共同组成的复合本构关系.最后利用扩展后的程序对冲击试验结果进行了模拟,结果与试验符合较好.     

载荷作用下EPS混凝土中弹性波传播特性研究

应用EPS混凝土来模拟含缺陷的岩石材料。对EPS粒径分别为1、2和3mm的三种EPS混凝土试样进行了载荷作用下不同频率的弹性波传播实验研究。采用单一频率脉冲叠合的方法来精确确定材料的波速,结果表明：EPS混凝土的p波波速随载荷增加在试件的开始压密实阶段有较明显的增大趋势,当试件相对密实,波速增加不是很明显;s波波速随载荷增加有一定程度增加,但幅度比p波波速增加得小得多。应用一种相对波速的方法,即将波速与当前载荷下材料的声波速度进行对比,可以较好地分析波速与载荷和频率的关系。最后对波速与载荷和频率的关系进行了理论模拟分析。此研究对于应用弹性波进行材料和结构的无损检测等技术方面有很好的参考意义。     

声纳目标运动分析的测度和可观测性

目标运动分析是声纳的一个重要问题,并经过了30多年的认真研究。目标运动分析是建立在从目标信号中提取出的测度的基础上的。不同的测度会引入不同的问题,并有不同的优缺点。因而,目标运动分析可以用从目标信号中提取出的测度来刻画。目标运动分析的特点之一就是在某些态势下目标时不可观测的。为了能够有效地提取出目标参数,选择合适的测度集合和最佳观测者机动至关重要。本文详细讨论了目标运动分析问题的测度、可观测性和最佳观察者机动问题。     

Transient scattering of elastic waves by three dimensional non-axisymmetric dipping layers

Scattering of elastic plane waves by three dimensional non-axisymmetric multiple dipping layers embedded in an elastic half-space is investigated by using a boundary method. The dipping layer is subjected to incident Rayleigh waves and oblique incident SH, SV and P waves. For the steady state problem, spherical wave functions are used to express the unkown scattered field. These functions satisfy the equation of motion and radiation conditions at infinity but they do not satisfy the stress free boundary conditions on the surface of the half-space. The boundary and continuity conditions are imposed locally in the least-square sense at points on the layer interfaces and on the surface of the half-space. The transient response is constructed from the steady state solution by using Fourier synthesis. Numerical results are presented for both steady state and transient problems. Steady state problems include solutions for two non-axisymmetric dipping layers in the form of a prolate. Transient responses are presented for one and two dipping layer models subjected to incident wave signals in the shape of a Ricker wavelet. It is shown that change in azimuthal orientation of the incident wave may significantly change the surface response of the dipping layer. For the transient problem, response comparison of one and two dipping layers indicates that the addition of an extra layer may also completely change the response characteristics of the alluvium. In particular, the delay in arrival of much larger amplitude surface waves by two dipping layers in comparison with other geometrically compatible models demonstrates the importance of the detailed three dimensional modelling of layered irregularities.     

多层介质硬币形(Penny-Shaped)交界裂纹的弹性波散射

本文研究多层介质硬币形交界裂纹的弹性波散射.文中采用Hankel积分变换,得到了含有硬币形交界裂纹多层介质模型的散射波传递矩阵,并将散射问题为转化求解矩阵形式的对偶积分方程.作为特例,文中给出了单一弹性层与半空间的硬币形交界裂纹的弹性波散射远场模式,并计算了几组不同弹性常数组合情形下的远场模式的幅频特性曲线,其结果表明有共振峰存在.     

Blast response simulation of an elastic structure: Evaluation of the fluid–structure interaction effect

Blast pressure wave interaction with an elastic structure is investigated using a numerical analysis approach, which considers fluid–structure interaction (FSI) within an Arbitrary Lagrange Euler (ALE) framework. Approximate numerical procedures for solving the Riemann problem associated with the shock are implemented within the Godunov finite volume scheme for the fluid domain. The structural displacement predicted by ignoring FSI is larger than the corresponding displacement considering FSI. The influence of the structural and blast pressure wave parameters on the importance of FSI is studied using an analysis of variables. Two non-dimensional parameters corresponding to the ratios of blast duration to the time period of the structure and the velocity of the structure to the particle velocity of the incident blast pressure wave are identified. It is shown that for a given blast pressure wave, the error in the maximum displacement predicted by ignoring FSI effect during structural motion is directly proportional to the ratio of the structure velocity to the particle velocity of the incident blast pressure wave. There is a continuous exchange of energy between the structure and air during the structural motion, which is significant when the structural velocity is significant compared to the particle velocity of incident blast pressure wave. FSI effect become insignificant when the ratio of velocities starts approaching zero.     

Strain growth of the in-plane response in an elastic cylindrical shell

Strain growth is a phenomenon observed in containment vessels subjected to internal blast loading. The local elastic response of the vessel may become larger in a later stage compared to its response in the initial stage. To find out the possible mechanisms of the strain growth phenomenon, the in-plane response of an elastic cylindrical shell subjected to an internal blast loading is investigated. Vibration frequencies of membrane modes and bending modes are calculated theoretically and numerically. The dynamic non-linear in-plane responses of an elastic cylindrical shell subjected to internal impulsive loading are studied by theoretical analysis and finite-element simulation using LS-DYNA. It is shown that the coupling between the membrane breathing mode and flexural bending modes is the primary cause of strain growth in this problem. The first peak strain of the breathing mode and the ratio of the thickness to the radius are the dominant factors determining the occurrence of strain growth. Other mechanisms, which have been suggested in previous studies (e.g. beating between vibration modes with close frequencies, interactions between multiple vibration modes, resonance between vessel vibration and reflected blast wave, influence of structural perturbations), are secondary causes for the occurrence of the strain growth phenomenon in the studied problem.     

Existence of longitudinal waves in anisotropic poroelastic solids

In anisotropic fluid-saturated porous solids, four waves can propagate along a general phase direction. However, solid particles in different waves may not vibrate in mutually orthogonal directions. In the propagation of each of these waves, the displacement of pore–fluid particles may not be parallel to that of solid particles. The polarization for a wave is the direction of aggregate displacement of the particles of the two constituents of a porous aggregate. These polarizations, for different waves, are not mutually orthogonal. Out of the four waves in anisotropic poroelastic medium, two are termed as quasi-longitudinal waves. The prefix ‘quasi’ refers to their polarization being nearly, but not exactly, parallel to the direction of propagation. The existence of purely longitudinal waves in an anisotropic poroelastic medium is ensured by the stationary characters of two expressions. These expressions involve the elastic (stiffness and coupling) coefficients of a porous aggregate and the components of phase direction. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of longitudinal waves are discussed for different anisotropic symmetries. Conditions are also discussed for the existence of the apparent longitudinal waves, i.e., the propagation of wave motion with the particle displacement parallel to the ray direction instead of the phase direction. A graphical solution of a numerical example is shown to check the existence of these apparent longitudinal waves for general directions of phase propagation.     

Parameters of Physically Non-Homogenous Media Reconstructed from the Eigenfrequencies of their Free Oscillations

This study presents numerical and asymptotic algorithms for deriving wave characteristics of the free oscillations of a vertically non-homogenous fluid. The bathymetric density distribution is reconstructed from the dispersion curves of free oscillations in an non-homogenous fluid. Measurement-accuracy requirements on the input data are studied in order to obtain a sufficiently accurate bathymetric density of the non-homogenous fluid. These methods are shown to be applicable to identifying geometrical and physical non-homogeneities of rods and elastic layers by their resonant frequencies.     

A thickness mode acoustic wave sensor for measuring interface stiffness between two elastic materials

We studied thickness vibration of 2 elastic layers with an elastic interface mounted on a plate piezoelectric resonator. The effect of the interface elasticity on resonant frequencies was examined. The result obtained suggests an acoustic wave sensor for measuring the elastic property of an interface between 2 materials.     

饱和两相介质近场波动问题的一种时域全显式数值计算方法

基于u-p形式的饱和两相介质弹性波动方程,开展了饱和两相介质近场波动问题时域显式数值计算方法的研究。通过对波动方程中的质量矩阵和孔隙流体压缩矩阵进行对角化处理,消除了方程中的动力耦联,实现了波动方程的解耦。分别应用中心差分法和Newmark常平均加速度法求解固相位移和速度,基于向后差分法求解孔隙流体压力,推导得到了饱和两相介质动力响应的时域显式逐步积分的计算列式,建立了饱和两相介质近场波动问题的一种新的时域全显式数值计算方法。进行了该文方法中矩阵对角化合理性的验证。将该方法的数值解与相应的解析解进行对比,二者符合良好,验证了该方法的正确性。将该文建立的时域数值计算方法与透射人工边界方法相结合,应用于饱和两相介质的近场波动问题,进行了饱和土场地地震响应的计算研究,计算结果符合弹性波动理论的基本规律,表明该方法对于饱和两相介质近场波动问题时域计算求解的适用性。基于该方法中时域递推计算格式的传递矩阵,进行了该方法稳定性特性的研究。该文建立的数值计算方法具有时域全显式算法的基本特征。方法中对动力响应的全部分量均采用递推和迭代的模式进行求解,避免了求解耦联的动力方程组。该方法具有较高的计算效率,...     

Modeling a mechanism of decreasing the drug of a shell of revolution streamlined by a viscous fluid

The problem of determining the shape and parameters of a running wave on the surface of a body of revolution so as to minimize its drag in the streamlining flow of a viscous fluid is considered. The physical effects involved in this method of flow control are analyzed. The possibility of a numerical experiment on the streamlining of a shell of revolution within the framework of a complete set of hydroelasticity equations, including the Navier-Stokes equation and the equations of motion of a linearly elastic shell, is discussed.     

Analysis for vertical velocity of seismic waves

Abstract

Presented here are the results of seismic wave velocities analyzed using the acceleration time‐histories recorded at the downhole strong motion array of the Lotung large scale seismic test site during the May 20, 1986 Hualien earthquake. The spectral ratios between the surface and downhole accelerograms were used to identify the frequencies of maximum amplification of soil layers, and an elastic 1‐D wave propagation model was proposed to estimate the wave velocities of the ground during the earthquake. The results obtained indicate that significant reduction of shear wave velocity as well as soil modulus was induced by earthquake excitation as compared to the values obtained from low strain level soil testings.     

带形介质内SH型导波对圆柱孔洞的动力分析

弹性板壳的反平面运动中由缺陷引起的应力集中问题可以按照带形介质中圆柱孔洞对SH型导波的散射问题来分析。首先,构造带形介质中相容导波的形式,即其满足上、下边界应力自由条件。之后,由波函数展开法给出圆柱孔洞散射波的级数表示,根据累次镜像叠加的方法构造由上、下边界反射所形成的相容的散射导波。最后,给定入射导波,由圆柱孔洞边界应力自由的条件来定解波函数级数的系数。数值算例求解了特定导波对圆柱孔洞的散射,给出了圆柱孔洞边沿的动应力分布,讨论了导波阶数、频率以及孔洞位置的影响。     

Acoustic characterization and prediction of the cut-off dimensionless frequency of an elastic tube by neural networks

A neural network is developed to predict cut-off dimensionless frequencies of the antisymmetric circumferential waves (Ai) propagating around an elastic circular cylindrical shell of different radius ratio b/a (a, outer radius; b, inner radius). The useful data to train and test the performances of the model are determinated from calculated trajectories of natural modes of resonances or extracted from time-frequency representations of Wigner-Ville of the acoustic backscattered time signal obtained from a computation. In this work, the studied tubes are made of aluminum or stainless steel. The material density, the radius ratio b/a, the index i of the antisymmetric waves, and the propagation velocities in the tube, are selected like relevant entries of the model of neural network. During the development of the network, several configurations are evaluated. The optimal model selected is a network with two hidden layers. This model is able to predict the cut-off dimensionless frequencies with a mean relative error (MRE) of about 1%, a mean absolute error (MAE) of 3.10(-3) k1a, and a standard error (SE) of 10(-3) k1a (k1a is the dimensionless frequency, k is the wave number in water).     

层状饱和场地中线性分布斜线荷载的动力Green函数

基于一种实用的Bo it模型,利用层状饱和土层的精确动力刚度矩阵,给出了层状饱和场地中线性分布荷载作用于与水平向有夹角的倾斜直线时的动力G reen函数,解决了利用间接边界元法分析局部地形对地震波散射及土-结构动力相互作用等研究中的关键问题。本文解答可以退化为W o lf弹性情况结果,最后进行了算例分析。     

Interaction of shear waves with a griffith crack situated in an infinitely long elastic strip

This paper deals with the propagation of shear waves in a wave guide which is in the form of an infinite elastic strip with free lateral surfaces. This strip contains a Griffith crack. An integral transform method is used to find the solution of the equation of motion from the linear theory for a homogeneous, isotropic elastic material. This method reduces the problem into an integral equation. It has been observed that only shear waves with frequencies less than a parameter-value, depending on the width of the wave guide, can propagate. The integral equation is solved numerically for a range of values of wave frequency and the width of the strip. These solutions are used to calculate the dynamic stress intensity factor, displacement on the surface of the crack and crack energy. The results are shown graphically.