1,2-二苯氧基乙烷合成工艺研究

对1,2-二苯氧基乙烷的合成工艺进行研究,以1,2-二氯乙烷、苯酚为原料,聚乙二醇为催化剂合成1,2-二苯基乙烷;考查反应温度、反应时间、反应配比、催化剂用量对反应的影响,并确定了较佳的工艺条件为:物料配比为n苯酚∶n氢氧化钠∶n二氯乙烷=1∶1∶0.55,催化剂用量为苯酚用量的5％(w％w),先在70℃下滴加二氯乙烷,滴加时间为4h,后升温至90℃,压力为4Mpa下保温反应8h,得到粗品经乙醇精制得到纯度为99％的1,2-二苯氧基乙烷,收率高达85％.     

1,2-二(邻氨基苯氧基)乙烷的合成

本文介绍了以Pd/C为催化剂,1,2-二(邻硝基苯氧基)乙烷加氢还原制备1,2-二(邻氨基苯氧基)乙烷的方法,对影响反应的主要因素进行了考察,确定了合适工艺条件。考察并确定合适的重结晶溶剂。小试产品的总收率为86.9%,含量为99.5%。     

催化加氢制备1,2-二(邻氨基苯氧基)乙烷

本文介绍了以Pd/C作催化剂,1,2-二(邻硝基苯氧基)乙烷催化加氢制备1,2-二(邻氨基苯氧基)乙烷的方法,对影响反应的主要因素进行了考察,通过正交试验确定优化条件。小试产品收率接近90%,纯度99.6%。     

杀菌剂乙霉威的合成方法研究

以邻苯二乙醚为主要原料,经混酸硝化后催化加氢还原,得中间体对氨基邻苯二乙醚,再与氯甲酸异丙酯缩合,得到乙霉威。结果表明,催化加氢还原的最佳条件:反应温度90℃,催化剂用量为反应物质量的3%,压力1.5 MPa,反应时间3 h;缩合反应的最佳条件:以三乙胺为缚酸剂,溶剂甲苯与反应物的质量比为2.1∶1,对氨基邻苯二乙醚与氯甲酸异丙酯的摩尔比为1∶1.3,反应时间0.5 h。在较佳的反应条件下,乙霉威的总收率≥80.38%,含量≥98%。     

4-氯-2′-氨基联苯合成反应工艺研究

讨论使用对氯苯硼酸和邻氯硝基苯为原料,在N,N-二甲基乙酰胺和水的混合溶剂中以钯炭为催化剂,碳酸钾为助催化剂经Suzuki反应得4-氯-2'-硝基联苯;然后还原得到新型杀菌剂啶酰菌胺的关键中间体4-氯-2'-氨基联苯。论文中考察在调节钯碳用量、温度、溶剂配比、碱、反应时间对反应收率的影响。     

钯炭催化制备4′-氯-2-氨基联苯

以对氯苯硼酸和邻氯硝基苯为原料,在N,N-二甲基乙酰胺和水的溶液中以钯炭为催化剂、碳酸钾为助催化剂经Suzuki反应得4′-氯-2-硝基联苯;在乙醇溶液中然后以锌粉或铁粉为还原剂回流下还原得到新型杀菌剂啶酰菌胺的关键中间体4′-氯-2-氨基联苯。考察了钯碳用量、温度、溶剂配比、碱、反应时间对反应的影响,优化的反应条件为:n(邻氯硝基苯)∶n(对氯苯硼酸)∶n(钯碳)∶n(碳酸钾)=1.00∶1.50∶0.03∶3.00,反应溶剂m(DMAC)∶m(水)=30∶1;反应温度为130℃,碳酸钾为弱碱,反应时间为12 h。优化条件下反应收率69.43%,该路线具有原材料易得、成本低、催化剂可回收套用等优点。     

加氢还原法制备邻氨基苯甲醚的研究

文章对邻硝基苯甲醚加氢还原制邻氨基苯甲醚工艺进行了研究。研究确定的最佳反应条件为:反应压力2.0 MPa,反应温度100℃,催化剂用量为邻硝基苯甲醚质量的1%,溶剂甲醇用量与邻硝基苯甲醚质量比为0.8︰1。结果表明,加氢还原工艺在反应时间、收率、废水量等方面都优于传统工艺。     

负载型Ni-Cr-B非晶态合金催化对氯硝基苯加氢制备对氯苯胺

提出一种以负载型Ni-Cr-B非晶态合金催化对氯硝基苯加氢制备对氯苯胺的工艺。通过正交实验考察反应温度、反应时间、反应压力和催化剂用量对对氯苯胺收率的影响。最优工艺条件为:反应温度60℃,反应时间4 h,反应压力1.2 MPa,催化剂用量占对氯硝基苯质量的8%。在此优化条件下,催化剂重复使用4次,对氯硝基苯转化率为99.9%,对氯苯胺选择性为99.9%,对氯苯胺平均收率为99.8%。     

催化加氢法制备邻氨基苯乙醚

本文针对传统合成邻氨基苯乙醚工艺方法中的缺点,对催化氢化法制备邻氨基苯乙醚的工艺进行了研究。即用Raney Ni为催化剂,对邻硝基苯乙醚进行催化加氢还原,制备了邻氨基苯乙醚。考查了温度、催化剂用量及反应物浓度等工艺条件对反应的影响。结果表明,在较佳条件下反应,产品收率可达90%,纯度可达99%以上。     

1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸的合成工艺研究与优化

以氰乙酸乙酯和1,2-二溴乙烷为起始原料,经环烷化、氰基水解、霍夫曼降解合成得到1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸。分两步对该合成工艺进行了研究:第一步考察了环烷化反应的主要影响因素,包括1,2-二溴乙烷、碳酸钾、催化剂、溶剂、反应温度、反应时间;第二步考察了氰基水解反应和霍夫曼降解反应的主要影响因素,包括H2O2的用量、NaOH的浓度、霍夫曼降解的反应温度。在考察各个影响因素的同时,得出了较优的工艺条件。经核磁共振和红外光谱分析,所得产品确为1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸。实验结果表明,在优化后的工艺条件下,1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸的总收率可以达到67.5%。经高效液相色谱分析,产品的纯度为94.4%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。