3-溴-2-氟苯甲酸的合成

以2-氨基-6-氟苯腈为原料,经溴化、水解和重氮化脱氨基反应合成3-溴-2-氟苯甲酸,产物的含量为99.20%(HPLC),总摩尔产率约38%。产物结构通过MS和1 H NMR验证。其中溴化反应的最佳条件为n(2-氨基-6-氟苯腈)∶n(NBS)=1∶1.05,n(2-氨基-6-氟苯腈)∶n(DMF)=1∶6,反应温度为5℃;水解反应的最佳反应条件为n(2-氨基-5-溴-6氟苯腈)∶n(NaOH)=1∶1.5,水解时间为8h,温度控制在回流状态下。该法具有生产成本低、反应条件温和、易于工业化生产的优点。     

2-氟-5-溴硝基苯的合成

采用冰醋酸作为溶剂,以邻氟硝基苯为原料,N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)为溴代试剂,合成了2-氟-5-溴硝基苯。所得目标产物通过GC-MS定性、GC定量检测。结果表明,最佳反应条件为:n(邻氟硝基苯)∶n(NBS)=1∶1.05,以冰醋酸作溶剂,反应温度10℃,反应时间2 h,在该条件下2-氟-5-溴硝基苯的收率为98.6%,原料转化率100%。该反应条件温和,易于控制,重复性好。     

5-(2,4-二氟苯基)哒嗪-4-胺的合成研究

以4-氨基哒嗪为原料,通过溴代反应、 Suzuki偶联反应, 2步法合成得到目标化合物5-(2,4-二氟苯基)哒嗪-4-胺,并优化了溴代反应条件:n(苄基三甲基三溴化铵)∶n(4-氨基哒嗪)=1.2∶1.0、混合溶剂v(二氯甲烷)∶v(甲醇)=1∶1, 25℃反应2 h。总收率70.5%,产物及中间体结构经1H NMR和ESI-MS确证。     

3-氨基呋咱-4-羧酸的合成

以氰基乙酸甲酯为原料,经过取代、环化成盐、水解制备3-氨基呋咱-4-羧酸。利用红外光谱、核磁共振波谱、元素分析及质谱确证了产物结构,并考察了物料比、反应温度、反应时间和溶剂用量对环化成盐反应的影响及反应溶剂、pH、温度对酸化反应的影响,发现增加氢氧化钾用量、提高反应温度、降低体系pH有利于目标物收率提高。得到的最佳环化成盐反应条件为∶n(盐酸羟胺)∶n(氢氧化钾)∶n(2-氰基-2-肟基乙酸甲酯)=1∶2∶1,缩合温度25℃,缩合时间2h,环化温度80℃,环化时间2h,溶剂水50 mL;最佳酸化反应条件为:溶剂水30 mL,pH≤1,反应温度5℃,环化成盐反应和酸化反应的总收率为79.73%,高于文献报道的64%。     

5-氟-2-甲氧基苯硼酸的合成

以对氟苯酚为原料,经甲基化、溴化和格氏反应3步合成标题化合物,含量99.073%(HPLC),总收率约57%,产物结构通过1HNMR和IR验证。其中溴化反应的最佳条件为n(对氟苯甲醚)∶n(水)=1∶55,n(对氟苯甲醚)∶n(溴素)=1∶1.30,反应温度为25℃;格氏反应的最佳反应条件为n(2-溴-4-氟苯甲醚)∶n(镁)∶n(硼酸三丁酯)=1.0∶1.1∶1.6,其中酯化一步的温度控制在-10℃左右,滴加格氏试剂的速率控制在400 mL/h左右。该法具有反应条件温和、生产成本低和有利于工业化生产等特点。     

光溴化法合成对溴苄基溴的研究

以对溴甲苯为原料、四氯化碳为溶剂进行溶剂光溴化合成对溴苄基溴,考察了配比、反应时间对反应的影响,得出了最适宜的工艺条件:n(对溴甲苯)∶n(溴)=1∶0.98 、反应时间5.5 h,并采用甲醇淋洗和乙醇重结晶的后处理方法处理反应产物,所得产品纯度99 %,收率60 %左右.     

2-多氟芳基喹喔啉衍生物的合成及制备工艺研究

以2-羟基喹喔啉衍生物为原料,通过溴化反应制备中间产物2-溴喹喔啉衍生物,与多氟芳烃在碘化亚铜的催化作用下发生偶联反应,合成了2-多氟芳基喹喔啉衍生物,产物结构经过了~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR、~(19)F NMR和MS表征。研究了催化剂种类及用量、物料比、反应温度、碱和溶剂对产物收率的影响。结果表明,2-多氟芳基喹喔啉衍生物优化工艺条件为:n(2-溴喹喔啉衍生物)∶n(多氟芳烃)∶n(碘化亚铜)∶n(1,10-菲啰啉):n(磷酸钾)=1.0∶1.5∶0.1∶0.1∶2.0,二甲苯-二甲基甲酰胺V/V=1/1为反应溶剂,在110℃下反应12 h,收率81%。     

固体Lewis酸脱N-苄基制备D-生物素Ⅰ

为了解决由双苄基生物素Ⅱ通过氢溴酸脱苄和关环两步反应制备D-生物素Ⅰ所引起的高能耗、高污染、毒性大的问题，以双苄基生物素Ⅱ为原料，一步法制备了D-生物素Ⅰ。对固体Lewis酸和溶剂种类、Lewis酸与双苄基生物素Ⅱ的物质的量比、反应温度和反应时间进行了优化，确定了最佳反应条件。利用FTIR、NMR、HPLC、LC-MS对产物结构进行了确证。结果表明，Lewis酸为氯化铝、溴化铝、氯化锌、溴化锌，溶剂为三氟甲苯，n(Lewis酸)：n(双苄基生物素Ⅱ)=2：1，反应温度为70~75 ℃，反应时间为2 h时，产物收率可达90%以上，HPLC纯度达到99.0%以上。     

叔丁醇钾催化合成N,N-二苯基叔胺类化合物

以乙腈作溶剂,苄基溴和二苯胺在叔丁醇钾的催化下,可以直接合成得到N,N-二苯基苄叔胺类化合物,产率60.2%~81.4%。产物经1 H NMR、13 C NMR和GC-MS确证。得出合成N,N-二苯基叔胺最优化条件为n(苄基溴)∶n(二苯胺)∶n(叔丁醇钾)=1.5∶1∶1,以乙腈为溶剂,室温下反应12h。该方法具有反应条件温和,操作简单,产率较高等优点。     

2-溴芴酮的合成

以煤焦油分离产品芴为原料,通过溴代、氧化反应制得2-溴芴酮,对氧化过程中不同溶剂及用量、碱的用量、反应时间对产率的影响进行了优化选择。较佳的反应条件为:四氢呋喃作溶剂,m(2-溴芴)∶m(四氢呋喃)=1∶5.5,n(2-溴芴)∶n(氢氧化钾)=10∶1,室温反应5h,2-溴芴酮的产率大于98.0%,质量分数高于98.0%。产物的结构通过红外和核磁共振波谱进行了表征。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.