Lead-free Ag1−3xLaxNbO3 antiferroelectric ceramics with high-energy storage density and efficiency

Environmentally benign lead-free bulk ceramics with high recoverable energy density (W_rec) are very attractive in advanced pulsed power capacitors. In this work, composition engineering was adopted by La³⁺ modification to improve the energy storage performance of Ag_1−3xLa_xNbO₃ ceramics. It was found that the antiferroelectric (AFE) phase was stabilized after La³⁺ substitution, as a result of the reduced tolerance factor t. Significant improvement of W_rec and energy storage efficiency (η) were achieved with value of 3.12 J/cm³ and 0.63 for x = 0.02 at an electric field of 230 kV/cm, more than 1.5 times the value of pure AgNbO₃ (W_rec = 1.9 J/cm³, η = 0.40). The excellent energy storage properties are resulted from the increased antiferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transition electric field (E_F), ferroelectric-antiferroelectric phase transition electric field (E_A), and breakdown electric field (E_b). The enhanced E_b was ascribed to the decreased grain size and increased electrical resistivity upon La³⁺ modification. The feature makes Ag_1−3xLa_xNbO₃ a potential candidate for energy storage applications.     

Cross Relaxation of Sm3+ and Energy Transfer Between Sm3+ and Eu3+ Ions in (Ca0.97Sr0.03)3(VO4)2 Phosphor Host

An attempt was made to verify that the inhibition of Sm³⁺→Eu³⁺ energy transfer in (Ca_0.97Sr_0.03)_2.82(VO₄)₂:Sm³⁺,0.12Eu³⁺ phosphors at Sm³⁺ content levels of >0.06 mol can be ascribed to the cross‐relaxation effect. The emission peak at around 951 nm attributed to the ⁶F_11/2→⁶H_5/2 transition of Sm³⁺, which should be barely detectable according to the energy‐gap law, was observed in this work by exciting the ⁴K_11/2 state of Sm^3 + . The results indicate that cross‐relaxation channels, which can depopulate the ⁴F_3/2 state of Sm³⁺, such as 1st Sm³⁺ (⁴F_3/2) + 2nd Sm³⁺ (⁶H_5/2)→1st Sm³⁺ (⁶F_11/2) + 2nd Sm³⁺ (⁶F_5/2) and 1st Sm³⁺ (⁴F_3/2) + 2nd Sm³⁺ (⁶H_5/2)→1st Sm³⁺ (⁶F_5/2) + 2nd Sm³⁺ (⁶F_11/2), may form and become efficient at an Sm³⁺ doping level of ≧0.06 mol. It was found that the 951‐nm emission suffered from concentration quenching, which resulted from a dipole–dipole multipolar interaction.     

Grain size tailoring and enhanced energy storage properties of two-step sintered Nd3+-doped AgNbO3

AgNbO₃ as a lead-free antiferroelectric material, has received widespread attention in recent years due to its promising application in the aspects of energy storage devices. However, the high remnant polarization and low breakdown strength limits its energy storage properties. In this work, Nd³⁺-doped AgNbO₃ (Ag_1−3xNd_xNbO₃, x=0−0.015) ceramics were prepared and a two-step sintering method was employed. The introduction of Nd³⁺ leads to the enhanced stability of the antiferroelectric phase, refined grain size and increased resistivity. Furthermore, by adjusting the pre-heating temperature in the two-step sintering, the homogeneity of microstructure is improved and the resistance of pre-heated samples increases by one order of magnitude compared with normally sintered samples, leading to the enhanced breakdown strength. Ag_0.97Nd_0.01NbO₃ pre-heated at 1100 °C for 2 h exhibits promising energy storage properties, with a recoverable energy storage density of 3.2 J/cm³ and energy efficiency of 52 % under an applied electric field of 210 kV/cm.     

B-site acceptor doped AgNbO3 lead-free antiferroelectric ceramics: The role of dopant on microstructure and breakdown strength

B-site aliovalent modification of AgNbO₃ with a nominal composition of Ag(Nb_1-xM_x)O_3-x/2 (x = 0.01, M = Ti, Zr and Hf) was prepared. The effects of dopants on microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric and conduction properties were investigated. The results indicate that the introduction of acceptor dopant does not lead to grain coarsening. Zr⁴⁺ and Hf⁴⁺ doping are beneficial to stabilize the antiferroelectric phase of AgNbO₃. Among all the samples, Ti⁴⁺ doped AgNbO₃ has the minimum resistivity while Hf⁴⁺ doped AgNbO₃ has the maximum resistivity, therefore, Hf⁴⁺ doped AgNbO₃ has high BDS. The XPS results indicate that the conduction behaviour is associated with the concentration of oxygen vacancies. This work hints that acceptor dopant is also effective on the microstructure control and chemical modification of AgNbO₃-based ceramics.     

Structure and energy storage performance of lanthanide elements doped AgNbO3 lead-free antiferroelectric ceramics

The aliovalent A-site modification in Silver niobate (AgNbO₃, AN) antiferroelectrics has exhibited its advances in improving energy storage performance, but lack of a comprehensive understanding. In this work, 3 mol% lanthanide elements (Re: Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm) modified AgNbO₃ (ReAN) ceramics were investigated. Compared with pristine AN, the ReAN ceramics exhibited decreased M1-M2 phase transition temperature and typical double-like P-E loops. The antiferroelectricity improved firstly from SmAN to TbAN because of reduction of tolerance factor, then it decayed with increasing atomic number due to partial Re³⁺ ions entering into B-site. Consequently, high recoverable energy density (W_rec ≈ 4.5 J/cm³) and efficiency (η ≈ 65 %) were achieved for the compositions from SmAN to TbAN under 250 kV/cm. While a general decrease in W_rec and η was observed by further increasing atomic number. This study provides a comprehensive knowledge of lanthanide element dopants in AgNbO₃ system.     

Effect of silica coating on the structural and luminescent properties of Sm3+/Yb3+ or Tm3+/Yb3+ co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles

The luminescent characteristics of spherical titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles (NP's) doped with Sm³⁺/Yb³⁺ and Tm³⁺/Yb³⁺ with and without a silica coating were analyzed. These nanoparticles were synthesized using the spray pyrolysis technique and coated with silica through a wet chemical process. The Sm³⁺/Tm³⁺ and Yb³⁺ doping induces a triphasic poly-crystalline structure of rutile and anatase TiO₂ and a Sm₂Ti₂O₇/Tm₂Ti₂O₇ cubic phase. A Williamson-Hall analysis was used to monitor the tensions of the NP's crystallites at the various doping concentrations and with addition of the silica shell. The luminescent spectra presented the characteristic emission peaks for the electronic energy levels transitions of the Sm³⁺/Tm³⁺ and Yb³⁺ ions. The Sm³⁺/Yb³⁺ co-doped NP's showed a maximum emission peak in the visible region at 612 nm, associated with ⁴G_5/2 → ⁶H_7/2 transitions of the Sm³⁺ ions. The IR emission peak at 973 nm (²F_5/2 → ²F_7/2) pertaining to Yb³⁺. For the combination of Tm³⁺/Yb³⁺, two emissions associated with Tm³⁺ ions were observed at 440 nm (¹D₂ → ³F₄) and 806 nm (³H₄ → ³H₆). The emission at 973 nm (²F_5/2 → ²F_7/2) is correlated to the Yb³⁺ ions. Silica coating of the NP's resulted in luminescence emission intensity increase of about 4 times.     

Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of Sr3(PO4)2:Re3+, Li+ (Re = Eu,Sm) red phosphors for white light-emitting diodes

Sr₃(PO₄)₂:Re³⁺, Li⁺ (Re = Eu, Sm) red phosphors were prepared via a high temperature solid state reaction, and their structure and luminescence properties were investigated. X-ray diffraction patterns indicate that the phase of as-prepared samples is in good agreement with standard Sr₃(PO₄)₂ structure. Under 395 nm excitation, the emission of Sr₃(PO₄)₂:Eu³⁺ consists of a strong peak centered at 622 nm and two weak peaks centered at 598 nm and 660 nm, which correspond to ⁵D₀→⁷F₂, ⁵D₀→⁷F₁ and ⁵D₀→⁷F₃ transitions, respectively. Also, the emission spectrum of Sr₃(PO₄)₂:Sm³⁺ shows three main peaks at 568 nm, 603 nm and 651 nm, which are attributed to ⁴G_5/2→⁶H_I/2 (I = 5, 7, 9) transitions of Sm³⁺. Furthermore, luminescence properties of Sr₃(PO₄)₂:Re³⁺, Li⁺ (Re = Eu, Sm) samples are enhanced significantly by Li⁺ ions doping as charge compensator. Results indicate that as-prepared Sr₃(PO₄)₂:Re³⁺, Li⁺ (Re = Eu, Sm) could be the potential red phosphors used in white light-emitting diodes.     

High energy storage performance in Ca-doped PbZrO3 antiferroelectric films

In this work, antiferroelectric Pb_1-xCa_xZrO₃ (PCZ) thin films with different concentrations of Ca²⁺ were prepared by chemical solution deposition, and the effects of Ca²⁺ concentration on the antiferroelectric properties and energy storage performance were investigated. The results show that the optimal Ca²⁺ concentration in the PCZ thin films is x = 0.12 for electric properties and energy storage performance. The recoverable energy storage density and energy storage efficiency is 50.2 J/cm³ and 83.1 % at 2800 kV/cm, which is 261 % and 44.8 % higher than those of the PbZrO₃ (PZ) films. These effects are attributed to the enhancement of stability of antiferroelectric phase, diffuseness in the field-induced phase transition and electric breakdown strength by Ca²⁺-doping in the PZ films. Our results demonstrate that doping an appropriate amount of Ca²⁺ ions in antiferroelectric thin films is an effective way to improve their energy storage performance.     

White‐emitting phosphor Ba2B2O5:Ce3+, Tb3+, Sm3+: Luminescence,energy transfer,and thermal stability

A series of Ba₂B₂O₅: RE (RE=Ce³⁺/Tb³⁺/Sm³⁺) phosphors were synthesized using high‐temperature solid‐state reaction. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD), luminescent properties, and decay lifetimes are utilized to characterize the properties of the phosphors. The obtained phosphors can emit blue, green, and orange‐red light when single‐doped Ce³⁺, Tb³⁺, and Sm³⁺. The energy can transfer from Ce³⁺ to Tb³⁺ and Tb³⁺ to Sm³⁺ in Ba₂B₂O₅, but not from Ce³⁺ to Sm³⁺ in Ce³⁺ and Sm³⁺ codoped in Ba₂B₂O₅. However, the energy can transfer from Ce³⁺ to Sm³⁺ through the bridge role of Tb³⁺. We obtain white emission based on energy transfer of Ce³⁺→Tb³⁺→Sm³⁺ ions. These results reveal that Ce³⁺/Tb³⁺/Sm³⁺ can interact with each other in Ba₂B₂O₅, and Ba₂B₂O₅ may be a potential candidate host for white‐light‐emitting phosphors.     

Optical transition and luminescence properties of Sm3+-doped YNbO4 powder phosphors

A series of YNbO₄: Sm³⁺ powder phosphors with different doping concentrations were synthesized by a traditional high-temperature solid-state reaction method. The crystal structure of the obtained samples was characterized by means of X-ray diffraction. Concentration quenching, energy-transfer mechanism, and luminescence thermal stability of YNbO₄: Sm³⁺ samples were studied through the fluorescence spectra and decays. It was concluded that electric dipole-dipole interaction was the dominant energy-transfer mechanism between Sm³⁺ ions according to both Van Uitert's model and Dexter's model. Using the Arrhenius model, crossover process was proven to be responsible for the luminescence thermal quenching of Sm³⁺. Moreover, a novel approach for evaluating the optical transition properties of Sm³⁺ ion in YNbO₄ powders using the diffuse-diffraction spectrum and fluorescence decay was examined in the framework of Judd-Ofelt (J-O) theory. It was confirmed that the J-O parameters Ω_λ (λ = 2, 4, 6) of Sm³⁺ in YNbO₄ powder were reliable by comparing the radiation transition rate with the measured emission results.     

Preparation and characterization of a green emitting Li2Ca0.4Sr0.6SiO4:Tb3+ phosphor with afterglow behavior

A novel green emitting long afterglow phosphor Li₂Ca_0.4Sr_0.6SiO₄:Tb³⁺ was obtained via a high temperature solid-state reaction in air atmosphere. X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence spectroscope (PLS), long afterglow spectroscope (LAS) and thermal luminescence spectroscope (TLS) were performed to characterize the physical properties of the phosphors. Typical ⁵D₄-⁷F_j transitions of Tb³⁺ ions were detected by PL spectra, corresponding to CIE chromaticity coordinates of x =0.3456, y =0.5745. An optimal concentration of Tb³⁺ in the substrate was determined as 0.8 at%. The Li₂Ca_0.4Sr_0.6SiO₄ phosphors showed a typical afterglow behavior when the UV source was switched off. A typical triple exponential decay behavior was confirmed after fitting the experimental data. Thermal simulated luminescence study further indicated that the afterglow behavior of Li₂Ca_0.4Sr_0.6SiO₄:Tb³⁺ phosphors was generated by the recombination of electrons with the holes resulted from the doping of rare-earth ions (Tb³⁺) in Li₂Ca_0.4Sr_0.6SiO₄ host. The long afterglow luminescence mechanism of Li₂Ca_0.4Sr_0.6SiO₄:Tb³⁺ is illustrated and discussed in detail on the basis of experimental results.     

Enhanced the energy storage performance in AgNbO3‑based antiferroelectric ceramics via manipulation of oxygen vacancy

The applications of silver niobate (AgNbO₃)-based antiferroelectric (AFE) ceramics for potential energy storage are limited by the introduction of oxygen vacancies (OVs). The inevitable OVs narrow the band gap and promote grain growth, resulting in poor breakdown strength and low recoverable energy density (W_rec). Here, we report a significant energy density performance of (Ag_1–2xSr_x)(Nb_0.78Ta_0.22)O₃ AFE ceramics designed by restraining OVs. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and UVvis absorption spectra experiments demonstrate that the OV content gradually decreases and the band gap increases with increasing Sr content. Donor doping of Sr leads to the generation of silver ion vacancies, thus, the OV concentration decreases to maintain the electrical neutrality of the system. As a result, a high W_rec of ∼5.6 J/cm³ together with an energy efficiency of 70.1% at 300 kV/cm is achieved in the (Ag_0.92Sr_0.04)(Nb_0.78Ta_0.22)O₃ ceramic. This work offers a novel strategy for improving the energy storage properties of AgNbO₃-based AFE ceramics.     

Energy transfer and controllable colors of upconversion emission in Er3+ and Dy3+ co-doped CaF2 transparent ceramics

x at. % Er³⁺, 3 at. % Dy³⁺: CaF₂ transparent ceramics (x=1-5) with good transparency were fabricated by hot-pressed sintering. The phase composition of nanoparticles and transparent ceramics, microstructure, in-line transmittance, upconversion spectra and lifetime of transparent ceramics, as well as energy transfer mechanism between Er³⁺ and Dy³⁺ were investigated. The mean grain sizes of nanoparticles decreased from 33.0 nm to 26.2 nm with the Er³⁺ doping concentration increasing from 1 to 5 at.%. The microstructure of ceramic samples presented nearly dense microstructure and EDS analysis indicated Er³⁺ and Dy³⁺ were uniformly incorporated into CaF₂ lattice. Under 900 nm excitation, the emission intensity for ⁴F_9/2→⁶H_15/2 transition of Dy³⁺ decreased and for ⁴S_3/2→⁴I_15/2 transition of Er³⁺ increased, the lifetime for the ⁴F_9/2 level of Dy³⁺ decreased while the ⁴F_7/2 level of Er³⁺ increased with the raise of Er³⁺ doping concentration. The energy transfer mechanism was proved to be the dipole-dipole interaction. The upconversion luminescence color was tuned from orange through yellow to green by changing the Er³⁺/Dy³⁺ ratio. In addition, the Vickers hardness, fracture toughness, and the thermal conductivity of Er³⁺, Dy³⁺: CaF₂ transparent ceramics were discussed. All the results showed the Dy³⁺ could be used as a sensitizer for Er³⁺: CaF₂ transparent ceramic in the upconversion field.     

High energy storage properties of lead-free Mn-doped (1-x)AgNbO3-xBi0.5Na0.5TiO3 antiferroelectric ceramics

In this work, 0.2 wt.% Mn-doped (1-x)AgNbO₃-xBi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃ (x = 0.00–0.04) ceramics were synthesized via solid state reaction method in flowing oxygen. The evolution of microstructure, phase transition and energy storage properties were investigated to evaluate the potential as high energy storage capacitors. Relaxor ferroelectric Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃ was introduced to stabilize the antiferroelectric state through modulating the M₁-M₂ phase transition. Enhanced energy storage performance was achieved for the 3 mol% Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃ doped AgNbO₃ ceramic with high recoverable energy density of 3.4 J/cm³ and energy efficiency of 62% under an applied field of 220 kV/cm. The improved energy storage performance can be attributed to the stabilized antiferroelectricity and decreased electrical hysteresis ΔE. In addition, the ceramics also displayed excellent thermal stability with low energy density variation (<6%) over a wide temperature range of 20−80 °C. These results indicate that Mn-doped (1-x)AgNbO₃-xBi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃ ceramics are highly efficient lead-free antiferroelectric materials for potential application in high energy storage capacitors.     

High energy storage density and efficiency in AgNbO3 based relaxor antiferroelectrics with reduced silver content

Silver niobate based lead-free antiferroelectric ceramics have demonstrated great advantages, but the high consumption of noble metal silver may restrict their commercial application. In this work, Na⁺ and Ta⁵⁺ co-modified (Ag_1-xNa_x)(Nb_1-yTa_y)O₃ (100xNa-100yTa) ceramics were investigated, aiming to reduce the silver consumption and achieve good energy storage properties. The Na⁺ tended to increase M2-M3 phase transition temperature (T_M2-M3), while Ta⁵⁺ was more likely to reduce T_M2-M3. A new current peak (E_R) was observed for the first time in all current-electric field curves. As expected, a room temperature M2-M3 phase boundary with relaxor AFE property was realized in 40Na-65Ta with obviously reduced silver content, in which high recoverable energy storage density (W_rec) of 6.5 J/cm³ and good energy storage efficiency (η) of 78% were achieved. This work demonstrates a strategy to realize relaxor antiferroelectrics in AgNbO₃ based ceramics for energy storage performance, and promotes the commercialization potential.     

Antiferroelectric‐ferroelectric phase transition in lead‐free AgNbO3 ceramics for energy storage applications

The high‐energy storage density reported in lead‐free AgNbO₃ ceramics makes it a fascinating material for energy storage applications. The phase transition process of AgNbO₃ ceramics plays an important role in its properties and dominates the temperature and electric field dependent behavior. In this work, the phase transition behavior of AgNbO₃ ceramics was investigated by polarization hysteresis and dielectric tunability measurements. It is revealed that the ferrielectric (FIE) phase at room temperature possesses both ferroelectric (FE)‐like and antiferroelectric (AFE)‐like dielectric responses prior to the critical AFE‐FE transition point. A recoverable energy storage density of 2 J/cm³ was achieved at 150 kV/cm due to the AFE‐FE transition. Based on a modified Laudau phenomenological theory, the stabilities among the AFE, FE and FIE phases are discussed, laying a foundation for further optimization of the dielectric properties of AgNbO₃.     

Synthesis,photoluminescence properties and energy transfer behavior of color-tunable fluorapatite phosphor Sr9Gd(PO4)5(SiO4)F2:Tb3+/Sm3+

Tb³⁺-Sm³⁺ co-doped Sr₉Gd(PO₄)₅(SiO₄)F₂ (SGPSF) phosphors were prepared through a solid-state reaction, and their luminescence properties as well as energy transfer mechanism have been investigated in detail. The SGPSF:Tb³⁺, Sm³⁺ phosphors system could be efficiently excited at wavelengths ranging from 200 to 500 nm, which is well matched with the spectra of near ultraviolet chips. The emission of SGPSF:Tb³⁺, Sm³⁺ phosphor covers the entire visible region with sharp peaks in the blue, green, and red regions. The emission color of SGPSF:Tb³⁺, Sm³⁺ could be adjusted from green (0.275, 0.378) to red (0.519, 0.295) by controlling the doping content of Sm³⁺/Tb³⁺.     

Ferroelectric properties of Li‐doped BaTiO3 ceramics

We prepared 3 kinds of Li⁺‐doped BaTiO₃ ceramics by the solid‐state reaction method: (i) (Ba_1?xLi_x)TiO_3?x/2 having A‐site Li⁺, (ii) Ba(Ti_1?xLi_x)O_3?3x/2 having B‐site Li⁺, and (iii) x/2 Li₂CO₃+BaTiO₃ mixed one, for which we investigated the stable site of Li. The density of all prepared ceramics is above 95%. The results show that the lattice structure, the grain size, and the electric properties of Li⁺‐doped BaTiO₃ ceramics are dependent on Li⁺ site. According to the increase in Li content, the cell volume of Ba_1?xLi_xTiO_3?x/2 decreases, but that of BaTi_1?xLi_xO_3?3x/2 increases. That of x/2Li₂CO₃+BaTiO₃ decreases by the small addition of Li, but increases by the large addition of Li. All Li⁺‐doped ceramics show antiferroelectric‐like double hysteresis loops. The shape of loops and the dielectric properties are also dependent on the Li site. We suggest that the role of oxygen vacancy accompanied by the Li‐doping is important. By comparison with the results of 3 type ceramics, it is concluded that at x/2Li₂CO₃+BaTiO₃ ceramics, the Li⁺ prefers to favorably substitute Ba²⁺ at A site for the low concentration of Li but its location was changed to Ti⁴⁺ site for the high concentration of Li.     

Reaction kinetics to infer the effect of dopants on ion transport - A case study for Mo+6 doped lithium titanates (Li2TiO3-δ and Li4Ti5O12-δ)

In this paper, a unique approach to correlate influence of doping on ionic mobility, through thermo-kinetic analysis, is reported. Formation kinetics of Li₂TiO₃ and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂, with Mo⁺⁶ doping, were successfully analyzed in ultra-pure Ar atmosphere using differential scanning calorimetry. The results were compared with formation kinetics of pure Li₂TiO₃ and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ under identical conditions. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with electron diffraction spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy were employed for the characterization of resulting phases and presence of oxygen vacancy. The results indicate that for doped samples, oxygen vacancy concentration was reduced due to the charge compensation mechanism of the doped ion. The activation energy (E_α) of the different reactions with and without Mo⁺⁶ doping was determined by Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose method. The most probable reaction mechanism was predicted through Master plot approach. The reaction rate controlling step shifted from three-dimensional diffusion (D₃) for undoped Li₂TiO₃ to a chemical reaction (F_n) for doped Li₂TiO₃. For Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ the reaction mechanism (or rate controlling step) was a chemical reaction (F_n) for undoped and nucleation (A_n) for doped material. The results show that diffusion of ions becomes faster in the Mo⁺⁶ doped materials by reducing the charge transfer resistance. Finally, the thermodynamic functions of the transition complex were calculated from kinetic triplets and correlated with thermo-kinetic data.     

Effect of Y3+-O2- partial substitution with Ca2+-F- on the luminescence enhancement of Y2Mo3O12:Sm3+ red-emitting phosphors

To improve the luminescence property of Sm³⁺ in Y₂Mo₃O₁₂, partial Ca²⁺-F^- co-substituted Y₂Mo₃O₁₂:Sm³⁺ phosphor, namely Y_2-xCa_xMo₃O_12-xF_x:Sm³⁺, was prepared using a solid-state method. The effect of introducing Ca²⁺-F^- ion pairs on structure and luminescence properties of Y₂Mo₃O₁₂:Sm³⁺ was studied in depth. XRD patterns not only manifested that all as-prepared Y_2-xCa_xMo₃O_12-xF_x:Sm³⁺ samples had standard Y₂Mo₃O₁₂ structure, but also indicated the introduction of Ca²⁺-F^- ion pairs did not cause the change of crystal structure. Under the near ultraviolet excitation of 404 nm, the emission peaks of Y₂Mo₃O₁₂:Sm³⁺ were located at 567 nm, 605 nm and 652 nm, respectively, resulting from the 4f→4f electron transitions of Sm³⁺ ions. Furthermore, the luminescence intensity of Sm³⁺ was obviously enhanced through the co-substitution of Y³⁺-O^2- ions with Ca²⁺-F^- ions in Y₂Mo₃O₁₂ structure, and the chromaticity coordinates moved towards red region, which due to the environmental effect of crystal field around Sm³⁺. Besides, the red LED device was manufactured for suitable chromaticity parameters. All results indicated that the as-prepared Y_1.84Ca_0.06Mo₃O_11.94F_0.06:0.10Sm³⁺ red-emitting phosphor could become a promising candidate for application of white light-emitting diodes and plant illumination.