碳化硅泡沫陶瓷烧结温度和烧结机理的研究

将制备碳化硅泡沫陶瓷的浆料通过烘干、制粉、干压成型、烧结来探讨烧结温度对制品性能的影响。试验结果表明样品的最高抗弯强度出现在1400℃、保温2h的工艺条件下，而不是更高的烧结温度1450℃。主要原因在于过高的烧结温度导致碳化硅氧化严重，生成了大量的方石英，方石英在随后的冷却过程中出现微裂纹所致。而碳化硅泡沫陶瓷的烧结机理主要是玻璃相对碳化硅颗粒的包覆、连接作用和新相莫来石的生成。     

球磨助剂对氧化铝粉末细度及90氧化铝陶瓷烧结温度的影响

本文以十二烷基苯磺酸钠、OP-10和吐温80作为氧化铝粉末中的球磨助剂，探讨了不同球磨助剂及其用量对氧化铝粉末的球磨效率及对90氧化铝陶瓷烧结温度的影响。结果表明，阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠的助磨效果最佳，OP-10次之，吐温作用不大。球磨助剂通过分散、润滑、劈裂等作用强化了球磨效果，可缩短球磨时间，并提高了球磨物料的细度，使氧化铝粉体的烧结活性增强。在相同的工艺条件下，加入球磨助剂可使90氧化铝陶瓷的烧结温度降低60℃以上。     

固有烧结温度低的微波介质陶瓷

微波介质陶瓷是现代通讯技术中的关键基础材料。在制备多层微波介质片时,为了使用Cu、Ni等低熔点电极,必须降低微波介质陶瓷的烧结温度。开发固有烧结温度低(<1060℃)同时具有良好性能的微波介质材料成为必然的选择。本文简要介绍了7类固有烧结温度低的微波介质陶瓷的烧结特性与微波介电性能,同时也指出了研究中存在的一些问题。     

SiO_2-Al_2O_3-MgO-F系玻璃陶瓷的烧结析晶──烧结工艺对组织和性能的影响

系统探讨了ＳｉＯ２－ＭｇＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－Ｆ系玻璃粉体的烧结析晶行为。结果表明：烧结温度和时间对玻璃陶瓷的显微组织、烧结密度和硬度都有显著的影响。烧结温度的提高和烧结时间的延长有利于烧结和析晶过程的进行,但温度过高将导致析出的晶体发生重熔。由于析晶和烧结同时进行,密度和硬度呈现不一致的变化趋势。     

Contrasting energy efficiency in various ceramic sintering processes

Regarding the recent energy costs and environmental concerns, energy efficient and sustainable manufacturing processes have become important topics. In this paper, a number of novel sintering methods were reviewed to illustrate their potential to reduce energy consumption during ceramic processing. Three approaches: adding sintering aid, increasing heating rate, and applying electric field on the reduction of the energy consumption were considered, and the underlying mechanism in each approach was explored. Next, the laser sintering that is utilized in additive manufacturing approaches and the new Cold Sintering Process (CSP) were introduced as potential techniques for the further improvement of energy efficiency. Since the need of furnaces was eliminated in these latter techniques, their heat dissipation during sintering would significantly decline. For example, it was demonstrated that the energy consumption for BaTiO₃ powder can decrease from 2800 kJ/g for conventional techniques to 30 kJ/g for CSP. A simple parameter, “Normalized Excess Energy”, was used as a first order approximation to compare the energy merit in the different sintering techniques.     

碳化硅陶瓷的研究进展

碳化硅陶瓷以优异的高温力学性能以及优良的耐化学腐蚀性能得到了越来越广泛的应用,本文重点介绍了碳化硅陶瓷的烧结工艺以及性能特点等。     

碳化硅陶瓷的发展与应用

碳化硅陶瓷以其优异的抗热震、耐高温、抗氧化和耐化学腐蚀等特性而广泛地应用于石油、化学。汽车、机械和宇航等工业领域中,井日益引起人们的重视。本文对各种SIC陶瓷的制备方法、性能特点及其应用现状进行了综合评述。     

Development and evaluation of TiB2–AlN ceramic composites sintered by spark plasma

Titanium diboride (TiB₂) is a ceramic material with high mechanical resistance, chemical stability, and hardness at high temperatures. Sintering this material requires high temperatures and long sintering times. Non-conventional sintering techniques such as spark plasma sintering (SPS) can densify materials considered difficult to sinter. In this study, TiB₂–AIN (aluminum nitride) composites were sintered by using the SPS technique at different sintering temperatures (1500 °C, 1600 °C, 1700 °C, 1800 °C, and 1900 °C). x-ray diffraction was used to identify the phases in the composites. mechanical properties such as hardness and indentation fracture toughness was obtained using a vickers indenter. Different toughening mechanisms were identified, and good densification results were obtained using shorter times and lower temperatures than those previously reported.     

陶瓷的微波烧结及进展

综述了近年来微波技术在陶瓷烧结领域的一些最新研究进展,包括微波加热烧结、微波等离子烧结和微波等离子分步烧结。     

Mineralogy and microstructure of sintered lignite coal fly ash☆

Lignite coal fly ash from the ‘Nikola Tesla’ power plant in Yugoslavia has been characterised, milled, compacted and sintered to form monolithic ceramic materials. The effect of firing at temperatures between 1130 and 1190 °C on the density, water accessible porosity, mineralogy and microstructure of sintered samples is reported. This class C fly ash has an initial average particle size of 82 μm and contains siliceous glass together with the crystalline phases quartz, anorthite, gehlenite, hematite and mullite. Milling the ash to an average particle size of 5.6 μm, compacting and firing at 1170 °C for 1 h produces materials with densities similar to clay-based ceramics that exhibit low water absorption. Sintering reduces the amount of glass, quartz, gehlenite and anhydrite, but increases formation of anorthite, mullite, hematite and cristobalite. SEM confirms the formation of a dense ceramic at 1170 °C and indicates that pyroplastic effects cause pore formation and bloating at 1190 °C.     

Enhanced temperature stability and fatigue-resistant behavior in MgTiO3-doped 0.948(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3–0.052LiSbO3 lead-free ceramics

0.948(K_0.5Na_0.5)NbO₃–0.052LiSbO₃–xMgTiO₃ (x=0, 0.005 and 0.010) (abbreviated as KNLNS–xMT) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by normal sintering. The effect of MT addition on KNLNS ceramics was investigated through dielectric, ferroelectric and electric field-induced strain characterizations. The grain size decreased slightly after the addition of MT, and more uniform grains were obtained. Impedance measurements made over a wide range of temperatures (425–525 °C) showed the presence of both bulk and grain boundary effects in the materials. The activation energies E_a were 0.483 and 0.507 eV for KNLNS and KNLNS–0.005MT ceramics respectively, indicating that the conduction process was due to oxygen vacancies in the higher temperature region. The P_r and unipolar strain of the MT modified ceramics exhibited lower temperature sensibility than KNLNS ceramics in the temperature range 30–120 °C. Meanwhile, the MT doped samples showed less degradation in both switchable polarization and unipolar strain after 10⁶ switching cycles than those of KNLNS. It is expected that the KNLNS–xMT ceramics is promising candidate for lead-free piezoceramics and could be used in practical applications.     

ZrO_2_-3Al_2O_3-2Sio_2/SiC_n纳-微米复相陶瓷的反应烧结技术

概述复相陶瓷和纳米陶瓷的主要内容和机理,介绍反应烧结ＺｒＯ２－３Ａｌ２Ｏ３·２ＳｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ＳｉＣｎ纳米复相陶瓷技术的研究内容、技术路线、工艺原理和发展前景。     

陶瓷烧成添加剂的制备与应用

采用工业聚合铝和自制活化硅酸,利用水浴加热法合成陶瓷添加剂,通过DSC-TG、XRD、SEM等方法研究烧成添加剂的性能及应用。研究结果显示烧成添加剂经910℃煅烧大量形成莫来石相,具有明显的低温优势。将烧成添加剂引入陶瓷坯料中,能够很好地促进莫来石的生成,在保证陶瓷显微结构特征的前提下,可降低烧成温度,缩短烧成时间,对日用瓷行业节能降耗有着重要的意义。     

Cool-SPS stabilization and sintering of thermally fragile,potentially magnetoelectric,NH4FeP2O7

Cool-SPS conditions (low temperature/high pressure) can be used to densify materials with limited thermodynamical stability, due to low temperature phase transition, melting, decomposition… We recently demonstrated the potential of SPS for the stabilization and densification of diversified materials at very low temperatures. Here we report the sintering of a potentially magnetoelectric pyrophosphate with low temperature decomposition. Characterization of its magnetic properties are presented, and dielectric/magnetoelectric characterization could also be performed thanks to the high densification obtained at temperatures as low as 200?°C.     

Lanthanum-doped Bi4Ti3O12 prepared by the soft chemical method: Rietveld analysis and piezoelectric properties

Bi_4−xLa_xTi₃O₁₂ (BLT) thin films and powders with x ranging from 0 to 0.75 were prepared by the polymeric precursor solution. The effect of lanthanum on the structure of BIT powders was investigated by Rietveld Method. The increase of lanthanum content does not lead to any secondary phases. Orthorhombicity of the bismuth titanate (BIT) crystal lattice decreased with the increase of lanthanum content due the reduction of a/b ratio. The BLT films show piezoelectric coefficients of 45, 19, 16 and 10 pm/V for x = 0, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75, respectively. The piezoelectric response is strongly reduced by the amount of lanthanum added to the system.     

Sintering temperature effect on microstructure,electrical properties and temperature stability of MnO-modified KNN-based ceramics

Lead-free 0.955K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃-0.045Bi_0.5Na_0.5ZrO₃?+?0.6%MnO (KNN-0.045BNZ?+?Mn0.6) ceramics have been prepared by a conventional solid-state sintering method in air. All the samples sintered at different temperatures possess a coexisting phase boundary (CPB) between rhombohedral (R) phase and tetragonal (T) phase. The increase of sintering temperature (T_s) increases the phase fraction of T phase in CPB region. Mn²⁺, Mn³⁺ and Mn⁴⁺ ions coexist in all the KNN-0.045BNZ?+?Mn0.6 ceramics sintered at 1110?°C to 1190?°C. High sintering temperature can induce a transformation from ${\mathrm{M}\mathrm{n}}_{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{b}}^{\text{'}\text{'}}$ defects to ${\mathrm{M}\mathrm{n}}_{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{b}}^{\text{'}}$ defects. The samples with fine grain show stable octahedral structure. The KNN-0.045BNZ?+?Mn0.6 ceramics with fine grain possess excellent temperature stability of $d_{33}^{*}$ due to the wide phase transition region. The increase of sintering temperature induces the (R-T) phase transition temperature to move to room temperature.