高性能陶瓷隔热材料的研制

通过溶胶一凝胶法制备了中空石英纤维增强石英基体的多孔陶瓷隔热材料,进行了力学和热物理性能测试,结果表明：材料密度0．95g／cm^3,常温下的导热系数0．135W／m·K,材料具有质量轻、强度高、隔热性能好及耐高温（1200℃）的特点。     

Effect of fumed silica properties on the thermal insulation performance of fibrous compact

The particle properties play an important role in developing advanced thermal insulation board made by fumed silica. In this study, the effect of hydrophilic or hydrophobic on the thermal conductivity and fracture strength of the resultant insulation board was investigated. A higher thermal conductivity and higher strength were obtained in using hydrophilic particles. Very low thermal conductivity, below 0.02 W/m K, was achieved in using hydrophobic particles. The difference of thermal conductivity was mainly dominated by solid part. The decrease of thermal conductivity and increase of fracture strength were related to the bonding condition between particles in the boards.     

Elytra-mimetic ceramic fiber aerogel with excellent mechanical,anti-oxidation,and thermal insulation properties

High-performance thermally insulating aerogel with low density, high porosity, and low thermal conductivity characteristics was widely used in heat insulation. However, the large-scale application of aerogel was still limited by its brittleness and infrared radiation transparency at high-temperature. Fiber composite aerogel had achieved significant progress, but its anti-oxidation ability was poor, and its thermal insulation required further improvement at ultra-high temperatures. Herein, inspired by the structure of elytra, nanoparticle fiber (NF) was prepared by electrospinning of coaxial fiber loaded with opacifier and antioxidant nanoparticles. The NF was incorporated into the SiBCN aerogel to prepare NF/SiBCN ceramic fiber aerogel. The mechanical properties were improved by fiber networks. The shell structure increased the antioxidant properties. Heat conduction and heat convection were suppressed by the aerogel, while heat radiation was reduced by the coaxial fiber. The results showed that the ceramic fiber aerogel exhibited superior mechanical, antioxidant, and ultra-low thermal conductivity properties.     

Plasma-sprayed nanostructured scandia-yttria and ceria-yttria codoped zirconia coatings: Microstructure,bonding strength and thermal insulation properties

Microstructure, thermal insulation behavior and bonding strength of nanostructured 5%scandia, 0.5%yttria codoped zirconia (5.5 ScYSZ) and 25%ceria, 2.5%yttria co stabilized zirconia (27.5%CYSZ) coatings were investigated. ScYSZ and CYSZ nanostructured granules (as a top coat) and commercial NiCrAlY powder (as a bond coat) were thermal sprayed on an Inconel 738 substrate. The results revealed ScYSZ coating to have higher bonding strength. Nevertheless, due to higher porosity and the presence of local strains, the thermal insulation of nanostructured CYSZ coating was higher than for ScYSZ coating.     

Large-scale and ultra-low thermal conductivity of ZrO2 fibrofelt/ZrO2-SiO2 aerogels composites for thermal insulation

The large-scale fibrous/aerogels composites are prepared by using zirconia fibrofelt (ZFF) as skeleton to give high strength and ZrO₂-SiO₂ aerogels (ZSA) as filler to give excellent thermal insulation through vacuum impregnation. The ZFF/ZSA with a low density of 0.302?g/cm³ and a high porosity (89%) exhibits large size of 180?mm in length, 180?mm in width and 25?mm in height which is larger than other fibrous aerogels. Meanwhile, the ZFF/ZSA exhibits high compressive strength of up to 0.17?MPa which is approximately six times higher than that of ZFF (0.028?MPa). The ZFF/ZSA shows a much lower thermal conductivity of 0.0341?W?m^?1 K^?1 at room temperature and 0.0460–0.096?m^?1 K^?1 during 500?°C and 1100?°C which are lower than that of conventional fibrous materials, indicating its excellent thermal insulation property in a wide temperature range, and the thermal insulation mechanism is analyzed. Thus, the large-scale, low density, high strength, and low thermal conductivity of ZFF/ZSA composites show enormous potential application in the fields of architecture, engineering pipes and aerospace for thermal insulation and protection.     

Opacifier embedded and fiber reinforced alumina-based aerogel composites for ultra-high temperature thermal insulation

A novel method was developed to uniformly disperse sub-micron TiO₂ opacifier into fiber reinforcements using agar and silica as binders via freeze drying. TiO₂ opacifier/ fiber/ alumina-based aerogel ternary (TFA) composites with high strength and excellent high-temperature thermal insulation were successfully prepared by sol-gel route, impregnation process and supercritical fluid drying. The microstructure, mechanical and thermal insulation properties of TFA composites were investigated comprehensively. The results show that the mechanical property of TFA composites can be significantly enhanced by mullite fiber felt and the incorporation of SiO₂ binder. The effect of TiO₂ opacifier on the high-temperature thermal conductivity was studied by adjusting the content of TiO₂ from 0 to 15 wt%. The obtained TFA composites exhibit high Young's modulus of up to 3.58 MPa and low high-temperature thermal conductivities of 0.129 W/m·K at 800 °C and 0.168 W/m·K at 1000 °C, respectively. The mechanism of heat transfer in TFA composites at high-temperature was also analyzed.     

含锆高铝耐火纤维毡的导热性能研究

测定了含锆高铝耐火纤维毡在不同条件下的高温热导率 ,并分析了温度 容重 方向对热导率的影响。结果表明 :容重一定时 ,热导率随温度升高而升高 ;高温热导率随容重升高而减小 ;材料热导率的各向异性比较显著     

裂解炉拱顶保温失效原因分析及修复

针对广州乙烯装置裂解炉拱顶保温失效的问题进行分析并根据失效的原因，提出改造和修复措施，在实际生产中证实该措施实用、有效确保裂解炉的“安稳长满优”运行。     

Quantitative analysis of silica aerogel-based thermal insulation coatings

A mathematical heat transfer model for a silica aerogel-based thermal insulation coating was developed. The model can estimate the thermal conductivity of a two-component (binder-aerogel) coating with potential binder intrusion into the nano-porous aerogel structure. The latter is modelled using a so-called core–shell structure representation. Data from several previous experimental investigations with silica aerogels in various binder matrices were used for model validation. For some relevant cases with binder intrusion, it was possible to obtain a very good agreement between simulations and experimental data with shell thickness and/or thermal conductivity of the shell as adjustable parameters. However, the experimental data was not sufficiently detailed to allow a separation of the effects of the two parameters. In the ideal case of no aerogel binder intrusion, a comparison with a coating containing intact hollow glass or polymer spheres showed that silica aerogel particles are more efficient in an insulation coating than hollow spheres. In a practical (non-ideal) comparison, the ranking most likely cannot be generalized. A parameter study demonstrates how the model can be used, qualitatively, to get an indication of the effect of important model parameters on the thermal conductivity of an insulation coating. With relevant data available for service life exposure conditions and raw material costs, the model can also be used as an optimization algorithm.     

Low thermal conductivity of atomic layer deposition yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thin films for thermal insulation applications

Thermal insulation applications have long required materials with low thermal conductivity, and one example is yttria (Y₂O₃)-stabilized zirconia (ZrO₂) (YSZ) as thermal barrier coatings used in gas turbine engines. Although porosity has been a route to the low thermal conductivity of YSZ coatings, nonporous and conformal coating of YSZ thin films with low thermal conductivity may find a great impact on various thermal insulation applications in nanostructured materials and nanoscale devices. Here, we report on measurements of the thermal conductivity of atomic layer deposition-grown, nonporous YSZ thin films of thickness down to 35 nm using time-domain thermoreflectance. We find that the measured thermal conductivities are 1.35–1.5 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ and do not strongly vary with film thickness. Without any reduction in thermal conductivity associated with porosity, the conductivities we report approach the minimum, amorphous limit, 1.25 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹, predicted by the minimum thermal conductivity model.     

假发用相变皮芯复合纤维的制备与性能研究

使用双组份复合纺丝机熔融纺皮芯复合结构发制品纤维。该皮芯复合纤维芯层为十八烷/EVA的共混物,皮层为EVA/HDPE共混物。红外光谱分析说明相变材料十八烷已填充进皮芯复合结构发制品纤维;通过热性能研究得出皮芯复合发用纤维具有调节温度的特性;当定负荷≤40 cN时,无论是1次拉伸还是反复5次拉伸,含相变材料皮芯复合结构发制品纤维都具有良好的弹性回复率。制备的功能型发制品纤维,在保持良好弹性回复率的情况下,具有蓄热调温功能。     

莫来石纤维增强SiO_2气凝胶隔热材料的制备工艺研究

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,氢氟酸(HF)为催化剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法及超临界干燥技术制备了莫来石纤维增强S iO2气凝胶隔热材料,研究了HF催化剂、溶剂等制备因素对溶胶-凝胶过程的影响。结果表明,加入HF可以大大加快凝胶化过程,使凝胶时间从几小时缩短至几分钟;溶剂EtOH对凝胶化过程有明显的抑制作用,凝胶时间随其用量的增加而增加;H2O对凝胶化过程的影响比较复杂,凝胶时间随其用量的增加先减后增,转折点处水硅摩尔比为5∶1;气凝胶制备过程中加入甲酰胺可以调节凝胶内部网络结构,防止干燥时由于应力不均而开裂或破裂;适宜的原料配比(摩尔比)为:TEOS∶H2O∶HF∶EtOH∶甲酰胺=1∶(4~6)∶(0.05~0.1)∶(3~6)∶(0.3~0.5)。     

氧化锆对刚玉-尖晶石浇注料热震稳定性的影响

以刚玉、尖晶石、纯铝酸钙水泥和氧化铝微粉为主原料 ,研究了氧化锆对刚玉 -尖晶石浇注料热震稳定性的影响 ,并采用X射线衍射和扫描电镜分析了试样的相组成和显微结构。结果表明 :加入约 3%的氧化锆可以大幅度提高刚玉 -尖晶石浇注料的热震稳定性 ,但过多的氧化锆对刚玉 -尖晶石浇注料的热震稳定性不利 ;含锆刚玉 -尖晶石浇注料热震稳定性提高的机理为微裂纹增韧。     

Effect of humidity on the thermal conductivity of porous zirconia ceramics

This study focuses on the role of the water content on the effective thermal conductivity of porous ceramics placed in different conditions of relative humidity. Fully stabilized zirconia samples with variation in the capacity to take up water were prepared by varying the temperature of the thermal treatment. The pore volume fraction of the dried samples decreases from 56% down to 30%. Thermal conductivity measurements were made on samples placed in a chamber where the relative humidity was fixed between 3% and 99%. For all samples, the experimental values of the effective thermal conductivity increase significantly with the water content. Experimental results agree closely to analytical predictions based on the upper limit of the Hashin and Shtrikman expressions for calculating the thermal conductivity of the pores (constituted by air and water) and Landauer's effective medium expression for calculating the effective thermal conductivity of the material.     

An environment‐friendly thermal insulation material from cellulose and plasma modification

Cellulose aerogels were prepared by combining the NaOH/thiourea/H₂O solvent system and the freeze‐drying technology. Hydrophobic aerogels were obtained with the cold plasma modification technology. The results showed that cellulose aerogel had good heat insulation performance, while the main factors affecting thermal conductivity were density and porosity. Thermal conductivity decreased with the decrease of density and the increase of porosity. It could be as low as 0.029 W/(m K). Cellulose aerogel adsorbed moisture easily. The moisture adsorption had a significant influence on the heat insulation performance of aerogel. After conducting hydrophobic modification using CCl₄ as plasma, cellulose aerogel was changed from hydrophilic to hydrophobic and water contact angle was as high as 102°. Hydrophobic modification did not affect the heat insulation performance of aerogel. This work provided a foundation for the possibility of applying cellulose aerogels in the insulating material field. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3652–3658, 2013     

Optimization of thermal insulation performance of porous geopolymers under the guidance of thermal conductivity calculation

Porous geopolymers are energy saving, environment-friendly and simple in preparation. However, the thermal conductivity (TC) of present porous geopolymers as well as other inorganic thermal insulation materials can be hardly below 0.050 W m^-1 K^-1 in the markets. In order to further decrease the TC of porous geopolymers, it is vital to understand the heat transfer mechanism of this type of materials. In this work, we made a comparison among the main heat transfer models for porous two-component system reported so far including series model, parallel model, geometric mean model, Maxwell-Eucken equation, Hashin spherical structure model and novel effective medium theory (NEMT) based on the data reported in references and obtained by our group for porous geopolymers, and found that NEMT could describe the heat transfer mechanism of porous geopolymers better. Then we systematically studied the relationship among the effective TC (k_e), porosity (ε), TC of solid skeleton (k_s) and TC of the uniform medium reflecting the heat conduction of the solid skeleton to air (k_m) based on the calculations with NEMT. It was found that it is essential to increase ε and decrease k_s and k_m for reducing the TC of porous geopolymers. Under the guidance of above calculations, we successfully designed and obtained some porous geopolymers with TC as low as 0.040 W m^-1 K^-1. This paper offers not only several porous geopolymers with low TC, but also an idea to design novel thermal insulation materials.     

Electrospun fabrication,excellent high-temperature thermal insulation and alkali resistance performance of calcium zirconate fiber

CaZrO₃ (CZO) precursor fibers were prepared by sol-gel method and electrospinning technique from solutions which contained aqueous precursors of calcium and zirconium ions and polyethylene oxide. The crystallization of CZO fibers was a concurrent process with the decomposition of organics. The evolution process was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectra, thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The heat-conducting property and high temperature stability of fibers were characterized by the measurements of thermal conductivity and heating permanent linear change, respectively. The fibers were treated in NaOH solution at 80?°C to characterize the alkali resistance. The results showed that CZO fibers had the lower thermal conductivity than the other reported forms of CZO materials, and they possessed excellent stability up to 1100?°C with thermal shrinkage less than 1.2% and excellent corrosion resistance to alkalis. Hence, CZO fiber could be used as a suitable corrosion resistant refractory material for high-temperature thermal insulation.     

Preparation and high-temperature service performance of hierarchically pore-structured BN fiber aerogels

Multifunctional aerogels with high porosity and good thermal insulation have attracted much attention in the field of energy and aerospace engineering. In this work, a three-dimensional BN fiber aerogel with hierarchically porous structure was prepared through a freeze-drying combined with in-situ carbothermal reduction nitridation route. The synthesized BN fiber aerogel exhibits a specific surface area of 154.3 m²/g, a high porosity of 96.8% and hydrophobicity. Moreover, the BN fiber aerogel shows a low thermal conductivity of 0.051 W/(m·K) and excellent thermal insulation properties owing to its hierarchical porous structure. Particularly, the BN fiber aerogel still maintains its low thermal conductivity and a rather high mechanical strength after re-heated at 1473 K for 3 h in Ar atmosphere, suggesting excellent high-temperature service performance. The successfully developed multifunctional BN fiber aerogel holds promising potential in high-temperature thermal insulation fields.     

低温液化气体储存容器的绝热性能评价指标研究

采用液氮为低温储存介质,分别进行了试验和数值模拟。得到了低温绝热容器内部介质在不同充装率下的压力和蒸发率变化规律,建立了压升速率与蒸发率之间的关系。说明了压升速率作为低温液化气体储存容器绝热性能评价指标的可行性。     

Improved crack resistance and thermal conductivity of cubic zirconia containing graphene nanoplatelets

Composites of 8 mol.% yttria-stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) with graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) have been pointed as alternative interconnectors in SOFC due to their mixed ionic-electronic conduction. Here we show that GNP addition provides rising crack-resistance behavior, with long crack toughness up to 78% higher than that of 8YSZ, also improving its thermal conductivity (up to 6 times for the in-plane direction). Toughness versus crack length is measured for 7 and 11 vol.% of GNP using single edge V-notched beam technique and ultrashort pulsed laser notching; and thermal behavior is analyzed by the laser flash method. Materials also have highly anisotropic coefficient of thermal expansion. These properties contribute to enhance their performance under the harsh operating conditions of SOFC, as thermal residual stresses could be reduced while significantly improving the system mechanical stability. Moreover, the heat transfer may be enhanced especially along the interface direction which would increase the system efficiency.