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1.
A very sensitive electrochemical sensor has been developed by modification of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with nanoparticles
of bismuth (III) oxide (Bi 2O 3) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The sensor was applied for the determination of cilostazol, cyclic nucleotide
phosphodiesterase inhibitors in pharmaceutical formulation and human plasma. The voltammetric responses were compared with
those obtained at bare GCE under optimum conditions. The cyclic and square-wave voltammograms of cilostazol showed 3.3 and
4.9 times enhancement in the oxidation peak current at MWCNTs–Bi 2O 3/GCE as compared to a bare GCE. Bi 2O 3–MWCNTs/GCE showed a linear response for cilostazol in standard solution over the concentration range of 0.8–13 μg mL −1 with the detection limit 0.76 μg mL −1, whereas human plasma over the concentration range 0.8–12.5 μg mL −1 with the detection limit 0.66 μg mL −1. 相似文献
2.
The growing demand for radiation-resistant optical glasses for space and nuclear radiation applications has attracted significant research interest. However, radiation-resistant fluorophosphate glasses have been poorly studied. In this work, we report on the tailoring and performance of radiation-resistant fluorophosphate glasses that contained cerium through codoping with Sb 2O 3 and Bi 2O 3. The physical properties, optical properties, microstructure, and defects of fluorophosphate glasses were investigated using transmittance measurements, absorption measurements, as well as Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The results showed that the radiation resistance of all codoped fluorophosphate glasses was better than the undoped cerium-containing fluorophosphate glasses after 10–250 krad(Si) irradiation. Especially in glasses doped with Bi 2O 3, the optical density increment at 385 nm was only 0.1482 after 250 krad(Si) irradiation. The CeO 2 prevented the development of phosphate-related oxygen hole center (POHC) defects, whereas further codoping with Bi 2O 3 suppressed the formation of oxygen hole center (OHC) and POEC defects, reducing the breaking of phosphate chains caused by CeO 2. Bi 3+ is more likely than Sb 3+ to change the valence, affecting the transition equilibrium of intrinsic defects and reducing the concentration of defects produced by irradiation. When codoping with Sb 2O 3 and Bi 2O 3, Bi 2O 3 does not enhance radiation resistance owing to the scission effect of Sb 2O 3 on the phosphate chain, which is not conducive to the radiation resistance of glasses. This indicates that the cerium-containing fluorophosphate glasses doped with Bi 2O 3 can effectively suppress the defects caused by irradiation and improve the radiation resistance of the glasses. 相似文献
3.
Lowering operating temperature and optimizing electrolyte thickness, while maintaining the same high efficiencies are the main considerations in fabricating solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). In this study, the effect of yttrium-stabilized bismuth bilayer electrolyte thickness on the electrical performance was investigated. The yttrium-stabilized bismuth bilayer electrolyte was coated on the nickel–samarium-doped composite anode/samarium-doped ceria electrolyte substrate with varying bilayer electrolyte thicknesses (1.5, 3.5, 5.5, and 7.5 μm) via dip-coating technique. Electrochemical performance analysis revealed that the bilayer electrolyte with 5.5 μm thickness exhibited high open circuit voltage, current and power densities of 1.068 V, 259.5 mA/cm 2 and 86 mW/cm 2, respectively at 600 °C. Moreover, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis also exhibited low total polarization resistance (4.64 Ωcm 2) at 600 °C for the single SOFC with 5.5 μm thick yttrium-stabilized bismuth bilayer electrolyte. These findings confirm that the yttrium-stabilized bismuth bilayer electrolyte contributes to oxygen reduction reaction and successfully blocks electronic conduction in Sm 0.2Ce 0.8O 1.9 electrolyte materials. This study has successfully produced an Y 0.25Bi 0.75O 1.5/Sm 0.2Ce 0.8O 1.9 bilayer system with an extremely low total polarization resistance for low-temperature SOFCs. 相似文献
4.
Acetaminophen (AcP) commonly known as paracetamol is the most extensively used non-prescribed medication for the treatment of fever and different kinds of pain. Due to the wide range of use, the determination of AcP contents in commercial tablets, residual AcP present in human blood serum, and the presence of AcP in the environment from the unavoidable leakage during the industrial production becomes crucial. Therefore, we proposed an AcP sensor utilizing a novel Mn 2O 3-embedded mesoporous silicon (Mn 2O 3@PSi) nanocomposite fabricated glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Modern characterization techniques including FESEM, TEM, EDXS, XRD, XPS, and FTIR spectroscopy were employed to characterize the fabricated Mn 2O 3@PSi nanocomposite. XRD and XPS analysis confirmed the fruitful development of nanocomposite consisting of PSi, and Mn 2O 3. TEM images revealed that Mn 2O 3 nanoparticles were randomly distributed onto the PSi matrix. In the electrochemical investigations via the most reliable amperometric technique, the Mn 2O 3@PSi/GCE sensor showed excellent sensitivity (0.7948 μAμM ?1cm ?2), a wide LDR (0.3–138.7 μM), and a very low detection limit (LOD ~0.033 μM). The newly developed AcP sensor was further used to check the potential chemical interference using several closely related chemicals, presenting an extreme selectivity towards the AcP detection. The Mn 2O 3@PSi/GCE sensor electrode was also employed to determine the AcP in commercial paracetamol tablets and showed ~100% quantitative recovery. During the AcP determination, the Mn 2O 3@PSi/GCE sensor also displayed excellent reproducibility, repeatability, and stability. It is anticipated that this Mn 2O 3@PSi/GCE assembly will emerge as an efficient route in developing an effective AcP sensor. 相似文献
5.
Bismuth molybdate photocatalysts were controllably prepared via an electrochemical approach at room temperature. The composition and optical property of each product were determined according to the NaOH and Na 2MoO 4 quantities in the electrolyte. Pure Bi 3.64Mo 0.36O 6.55 was prepared at a NaOH concentration range of 0.2‐0.8 mol L ?1, whereas the Bi 3.64Mo 0.36O 6.55/Bi 14MoO 24 composite was obtained in an electrolyte containing 0.4 mol L ?1 NaOH and 0.5 mol L ?1 Na 2MoO 4. The results of rhodamine B degradation under visible light indicated that Bi 3.64Mo 0.36O 6.55 nanoparticles with a size of 10‐50 nm displayed the best photocatalytic efficiency, which was considerably higher than that of composite one and bulk Bi 3.64Mo 0.36O 6.55. 相似文献
6.
In this work, the ZnO–Bi 2O 3–Cr 2O 3–Co 2O 3–MnO 2 varistors doped with different content of Sb 2O 3 were prepared by two-step solid-state reaction route, including a pre-calcining of the mixtures of nanosized ZnO and the other additives at an optimized temperature, followed by a consequent sintering process at different temperatures. Meanwhile, the effects of Sb 2O 3 on the sintering temperature, microstructure and electrical properties of the objective varistors were investigated. It was found the densification temperature went up in a proper range and the content of pyrochlore phase, spinel phase and β-Bi 2O 3 phase increased with the increasing content of Sb 2O 3, while the grain size of ZnO–Bi 2O 3-based varistor reduced. The results demonstrated that at the same sintering temperature, the second particles increased with the increasing amount of Sb 2O 3, which was helpful to control the grain growth, leading to a higher breakdown voltage. However, the decrease of α-Bi 2O 3 phase (melting point of α-Bi 2O 3 phase is 825 °C), which is the main component of the liquid Bi 2O 3 phase in the sample during sintering process, leads to the increase of the sintering temperature of the green pallet. As a result, the ZnO varistor doped with 3.0 mol% Sb 2O 3 sintered at 1000 °C exhibited the highest breakdown voltage of 1863.3 V/mm. By contrast, the ZnO varistor without Sb 2O 3 doping sintered at 900 °C had the optimum nonlinear coefficient of 59.8. 相似文献
7.
The electrochemical reduction process of Bi 3+, HTeO 2+, Sb III and their mixtures in nitric acid medium was investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The reduction products electrodeposited at various potentials were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that cathodic process in the nitric acid solution containing Bi 3+, HTeO 2+ and Sb III involves the following reduction reactions in different polarizing potential ranges: In low polarizing potential ranges, Te 0 is formed firstly on the electrode surface through the electrochemical reduction of HTeO 2+; with the negative shift of the cathodic polarizing potential, the reduction reaction of Bi 3+ with Te 0 to form Bi 2Te 3 takes place; when the cathodic polarizing potential is negative enough, Bi 3+ and Sb III react with Te 0 to form Bi 0.5Sb 1.5Te 3. The results indicate that Bi 0.5Sb 1.5Te 3 films can be fabricated by controlling the electrodepositing potential in a proper high potential ranges. 相似文献
8.
Developing MIEC materials with high electrocatalytic performance for the ORR and good thermal/chemical/structural stability is of paramount importance to the success of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). In this work, high-activity Bi 0.5Sr 0.5FeO 3-δ- xCe 0.9Gd 0.1O 1.95 (BSFO- xGDC, x = 10, 20, 30 and 40 wt%) oxygen electrodes are synthesized, and confirmed by XRD, SEM and EIS, respectively. The crystal structure, microstructure, electrochemical property and performance stability of the promising BSFO- xGDC composite cathodes are systematically evaluated. It is found that introducing GDC nanoparticles can obviously improve the electrochemical property of the porous composite electrode. Among all these composite cathodes, BSFO-30GDC composite cathode shows the best ORR activity. The peak power density of anode supported single cells employing BSFO-30GDC composite cathode reaches 709 mW cm ?2 and the electrode polarization resistance ( Rp) of the BSFO-30GDC is about 0.14 Ω cm 2 at 700 °C. The analysis of the oxygen reduction kinetic indicates that the major electrochemical process of the GDC-decorated composite cathode is oxygen adsorption-dissociation. These preliminary results demonstrated that BSFO-30GDC is a prospective composite cathode catalyst for SOFCs because of its outstanding ORR activity. 相似文献
9.
A new type of inorganic filler antimony trioxide (Sb 2O 3) is used to prepare composite polymer electrolytes based on poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and lithium perchlorate (LiClO 4) by solution casting technique. The incorporation of Sb 2O 3 enhances the ionic conductivity at ambient temperature and exhibits the highest ionic conductivity value of 9.51×10 ?5 S cm ?1 upon the addition of 6 wt% Sb 2O 3. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) reveal that the second weight loss is reduced. This shows the improvement in thermal stability of electrolyte film upon addition of Sb 2O 3. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses show that the glass transition temperature ( Tg) value decreases with incorporation of Sb 2O 3. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies show that the addition of Sb 2O 3 decreases the degree of crystallinity whereas scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies reveal the surface morphology of the prepared composite polymer electrolytes. 相似文献
10.
Coatings incorporated with Sb 2O 3 were obtained on AZ31B magnesium alloy during micro-arc oxidation (MAO) by adding Sb 2O 3 (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 g/L) into the electrolyte. The voltage of MAO process, microstructure, element distribution, thickness, phase analysis, microhardness, adhesion, and corrosion behavior of the coatings were, respectively, investigated. The results showed that the addition of different concentrations of Sb 2O 3 caused the voltage variation, which resulted in the changes in microstructure, element distribution, and phase composition of coatings, and further led to the improvement of coatings properties. It was found that the addition of Sb 2O 3 could effectively decrease the breakdown voltage, and made the voltage of micro-arc oxidation stage change. Moreover, the presence of Sb 2O 3 influenced surface morphologies of the coatings. Additionally, with the increase in Sb 2O 3, the microhardness of coatings was 155.2, 199.78, 277.34, 267.53, and 127.93 HV, respectively; these were higher than substrate (68.5 HV). Moreover, the addition of Sb 2O 3 effectively improved adhesion. As the Sb 2O 3 increased, the corrosion rate was 2.19 × 10 −4, 9.09 × 10 −5, 4.10 × 10 −5, 2.52 × 10 −4, and 2.96 × 10 −4 mm/a, respectively, and the corrosion resistance increased first and then decreased with the increase in Sb 2O 3. In sum, the optimal Sb 2O 3 concentration was 4 g/L. 相似文献
11.
Three-dimension (3D) belt-like polyaniline (PAN) network has been prepared via electrochemical polymerization of aniline on p-phenylenediamine (PDA) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using a three-step electrochemical deposition procedure. PDA was covalently binded on GCE via the formation of carbon-nitrogen bond between amine cation radical and the aromatic moiety of GCE surface using electrochemical oxidation procedure. X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS) and cyclic voltammetry have been performed to characterize the attachment of PDA on GCE. The images of scanning electron microscope (SEM) show that the 3D belt-like PAN network is uniform. The width and thickness of the PAN belt varies in the range of 1.5-5.5 μm and 0.1-0.8 μm, respectively. The distance between the belt-contacts ranges from 2.5 to 15 μm. The 3D belt-like PAN network modified GCE (PAN-PDA/GCE) exhibits an improved electro-activity of PAN at an extended pH up to 7.0. The PAN-PDA/GCE not only immobilizes but also leads to a direct electrochemical behavior of cytochrome c (Cyt c). The immobilized Cyt c maintains its activity, showing a surface-controlled electrode process with the electron-transfer rate constant ( ks) of 14.8 s −1 and electron-transfer coefficient ( α) of 0.48, and could be used for the electrocatalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2). 相似文献
12.
Bimetal oxides have attracted much attention due to their unique characteristics caused by the synergistic effect of bimetallic elements, such as adjustable operating voltage and improved electronic conductivity. Here, a novel bimetal oxide Sn 0.918Sb 0.109O 2@graphene (TAO@G) was synthesized via hydrothermal method, and applied as anode material for lithium ion batteries. Compared with SnO 2, the addition of Sb to form a bimetallic oxide Sn 0.918Sb 0.109O 2 can shorten the band gap width, which is proved by DFT calculation. The narrower band gap width can speed up the lithium ions transport and improve the electrochemical performances of TAO@G. TAO@G is a structure in which graphene supports nano-sized TAO particles, and it is conducive to the electrons transport and can improve its electrochemical performances. TAO@G achieved a high initial reversible discharge specific capacity of 1176.3 mA h g ?1 at 0.1 A g ?1 and a good capacity of 648.1 mA h g ?1 at 0.5 A g ?1 after 365 cycles. Results confirm that TAO@G is a novel prospective anode material for LIBs. 相似文献
13.
In this study, 1 wt% Bi 2O 3 (1B), 1 wt% ZnBi 2O 4 (1BZ), and a composite (a mixture of 1 wt% Bi 2O 3 and various amounts (1-4 wt%) of ZnBi 2O 4 ,1B1BZ-1B4BZ) were added to ZnO varistors to investigate the effects of additives on the densification, microstructure, and varistor performance. The results showed that the addition of ZnBi 2O 4 can lower the densification temperature to about 850 oC. When the additive was changed from 1 wt% Bi 2O 3 to 1 wt% ZnBi 2O 4, the α value increased from 42 to 54, the breakdown voltage increased from 775 V/mm to 1011 V/mm, and the leakage current decreased to 0.11 μA. Additions of ZnBi 2O 4 and transition metal cations as donor dopants for the ZnO varistors promote oxygen chemisorption at grain boundaries, resulting in greater α value and lower leakage currents. This suggests the addition of ZnBi 2O 4 can effectively promote densification and improve the varistor properties of ZnO varistors. 相似文献
14.
The layered oxyselenides BiCuSeO was recently discovered as potential thermoelectric. Our result reveals that the substitute for atom Bi 3+ by Pb 2+ & Mg 2+ in (Bi 2O 2) 2− play an important role in electrical transport properties. The maximum electrical conductivity obtained is 460 Scm −1 for Bi 0.84Mg 0.10Pb 0.06CuSeO at RT, highly above the 15 Sm −1 for BiCuSeO. In synergy with low thermal conductivity (0.6-0.4 Wm −1 K −1) and large thermopower (300-500 μVK −1), the highest ZT is achieved about 0.80 at 873 K for Bi 0.88Mg 0.06Pb 0.06CuSeO. 相似文献
15.
This study supports the binary and ternary merging tactic, this methodology is useful in the creation of new features that lacked in the parent constituents. Ra develops to reach its peak of 4.25 nm upon HAP/Sb2O3/GO which is shadowed by HAP/Sb2O3 with 3.87 nm. EDX technique offers quantitative, and qualitative elemental composition of the studied composite, where C, O, P, Ca, and Sb elements records 17.14, 66, 8.7, 7.57, and0.58%, respectively. Consequently, the composition is pure. Also, The BET technique’s resultant surface area is 39.49 for HAP/Sb2O3, and 50.76 m2/g for HAP/Sb2O3/GO. Additionally, The (HAP/GO, and HAP/Sb2O3/GO) ceramic composites microhardness was 3.2?±?0.2 GPa for binary composite, and 3.5?±?0.3 GPa for ternary composite. Thus, GO nano-materials enhance mechanical behavior. Applicably, the merging of the three components in one ternary nanocomposite presents the highest viability with 98.4?±?0.8%, besides the highest antibacterial performance by 15.2?±?0.4 mm for Escherichia coli and 16.1?±?0.5 mm for Staphylococcus aureus. 相似文献
16.
The microstructure and electrical properties of 3-0 type composite of Na 0.5Bi 2.5Nb 2O 9-based bismuth layered piezoceramics modified by Al 2O 3 addition are investigated. The darker and plate-like grains, locating at the grain boundaries, are confirmed to be pure α-Al 2O 3 by high resolution transmission electron microscope, not a Bi 2AlNbO 7 pyrochlore phase. This 3-0 type Na 0.5Bi 2.5Nb 2O 9-Al 2O 3 composite piezoceramics have a large piezoelectric constant d33 of 15.2pC/N with good temperature stability up to 600 °C, and good ferroelectric properties with a relatively large remnant polarization of ~11.6 μC/cm 2. These demonstrate that designing a 3-0 type composite structure would be an effective approach to tailor the microstructure and improve the electrical properties of bismuth layered piezoceremics for their potential applications at temperature up to 600 °C. 相似文献
17.
Radiation is used in a variety of different fields, and thus protection from its hazardous effects become a popular subject for researchers. For this purpose, in the present study, waste soda-lime-silica glasses as SiO 2–Na 2O–CaO–Bi 2O 3 and SiO 2–Na 2O–CaO–Sb 2O 3 were investigated for X-rays photon characteristics in the energies of 0.01–0.1 MeV via WinXCom program, and the results were compared with the experimental findings obtained at 0.04 MeV. Waste packaging glass was evaluated by adding varying amounts (0.005, 0.05, and 0.5 percentages) of Bi 2O 3 and Sb 2O 3. Seven different glass batches were prepared by following the procedures of precisely weighing the relevant amounts to obtain 10 g specimen in total, homogeneously mixing the respective contents, and thoroughly melting in an Au–Pt crucible via conventional electrical furnace at 1250 °C for 4 h. The linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) for glass specimens were experienced at 0.04 MeV, and it was found out that increasing contents of both oxides increased the LAC implying that a decrease in X-ray transmission occurred. From the point of WinXCom calculations, the LAC and mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) increased while half value layer (HVL) and mean free path (MFP) thicknesses decreased as the oxide substances increased in the glass specimens. That is, Sb 2O 3 addition provided higher X-rays attenuation characteristics in comparison to Bi 2O 3 additive. Further, the experimental data at 0.04 MeV were compared with WinXCom calculations, and it was figured out that the data were parallel for each other, but the correlation coefficient (R 2) was found as 0.15 which means that the values were in loose agreement. 相似文献
18.
A ternary solid-solution piezoelectric ceramic of rare-earth oxides modified 0.03 Pb(Mn 1/3Sb 2/3)O 3-0.97 Pb(Zr 0.505Ti 0.495)O 3 + x wt.% CuO + y wt.% Bi 2O 3 (PMS-PZT + x wt.% CuO + y wt. % Bi 2O 3) (x, y = 0–0.2) was successfully prepared via a transient-liquid-phase sintering. Both Cu 2+ and Bi 3+ were believed to replace the A-site Pb ions and to evidently induce the lattice shrinkage and the distortion decrease. However, the addition of only a small amount of CuO was found to effectively reduce the sintering temperature, sustain good piezoelectric properties and predominant transgranular fracture modes, but obviously increase the average grain size and high-field dielectric loss. Further experimental results indicate that the grain growth of the ceramics was inhibited effectively and the high-field dielectric loss was reduced through CuO and Bi 2O 3 co-doping. The 0.05 wt% CuO and 0.15 wt% Bi 2O 3 co-doped PMS-PZT ceramics sintered at 1050 °C exhibit excellent dielectric and piezoelectric properties of d 33 = 410 pC/N, k p = 0.62, Q m = 1478, ε r = 1550, tan δ = 0.8% (400 V/mm) and T c = 330 °C. The experimental results can provide a solid fundament for multilayer piezoelectric actuating devices. 相似文献
19.
Sb 2O 3/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composites were prepared through a facile microwave-assisted reduction of graphite oxide in SbCl 3 precursor solution, and investigated as anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). The experimental results show that a maximum specific capacity of 503 mA h g −1 is achieved after 50 galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles at a current density of 100 mA g −1 by optimizing the RGO content in the composites and an excellent rate performance is also obtained due to the synergistic effect between Sb 2O 3 and RGO. The high capacity, superior rate capability and excellent cycling performance of Sb 2O 3/RGO composites demonstrate their excellent sodium-ion storage ability and show their great potential as electrode materials for SIBs. 相似文献
20.
We report a simple, economical and green one-pot hydrothermal strategy to synthesize the bio-derived nitrogen-doped carbon sheets (ONCSs) embedded with zirconia nanoparticles (ZrO 2NPs) with orange juice as carbon source and solvent. The ONCSs-ZrO 2NPs composite was further applied in the decoration of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for electrochemical sensing of methyl parathion. The orange juice-derived ONCSs with graphene-like micromorphology showed good electrical conductivity, large specific surface area, and nitrogen functional groups. They could accelerate the electron transport, provide sufficient electrolyte-electrode interface, and improve the surface wettability, thus forming a suitable microenvironment for the redox reaction of MP. The embedded ZrO 2NPs in graphene-like ONCSs possessed a strong affinity toward the phosphorus groups on MP molecules, which could promote the preconcentration of MP in the interface of the fabricated sensor and electrolyte. Benefitting from the synergistic effect of ONCSs and ZrO 2NPs/GCE, the ONCSs-ZrO 2NPs/GCE sensor exhibited excellent peak current response towards MP with a linear detection range of 0.01–15 μg mL −1 and a low detection limit of 0.115 ng mL −1. Furthermore, the ONCSs-ZrO 2NPs/GCE sensor presented good capability to investigate the MP levels in romaine and kiwifruit juices with satisfactory recoveries. This work provides a novel and green one-step approach in the development of carbon-based composite materials for high-performance MP electrochemical sensors. 相似文献
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