暖通空调设计技术的优化探讨

随着时代的发展,暖通空调已经变得越来越普及,由于暖通空调能兼顾冷暖调节和空气的净化,因此受到了人们的普遍欢迎。不过在日常暖通空调的使用过程中,暖通空调存在能耗大,噪音重等问题,因此在暖通空调设计应该以此为重点加以优化。本文就结合暖通空调的自身特点和使用中的问题,分析了促进设计的优化方案,并阐述了应用新技术的发展方向。     

暖通空调设计技术的优化探讨

随着时代的发展,暖通空调已经变得越来越普及,由于暖通空调能兼顾冷暖调节和空气的净化,因此受到了人们的普遍欢迎。不过在日常暖通空调的使用过程中,暖通空调存在能耗大,噪音重等问题,因此在暖通空调设计应该以此为重点加以优化。本文就结合暖通空调的自身特点和使用中的问题,分析了促进设计的优化方案,并阐述了应用新技术的发展方向。     

建筑暖通空调系统的节能设计要点研究

暖通空调系统能耗在建筑能耗中占有极大比重,所以进行建筑暖通空调系统节能设计的意义重大。本文首先说明了建筑暖通空调系统的节能设计原则,其次分析了建筑暖通空调系统的节能设计措施,最后探讨了建筑暖通空调系统的节能设计要点,旨在促进我国建筑暖通空调系统节能设计工作的进步与发展。     

BIM技术在暖通空调设计中的应用

针对暖通空调设计来说,在传统设计工作中有效结合BIM技术,全面发挥其应用价值,有利于提高工程施工效率与施工质量,延长暖通空调的使用年限。本文分析了暖通空调的设计特征,着重论述了BIM技术在暖通空调中的设计与应用,以期促进暖通空调工程的健康发展。     

暖通空调设计行业发展现状探讨

本文调查了我国当前暖通空调行业发展现状,分析当前暖通空调设计理念,从业人员的心理状态等不利影响,提出了如何克服我国当前暖通空调设计行业发展障碍的建议。     

BIM技术在暖通空调设计中的应用分析

随着科学的发展和进步,在暖通空调设计中也应用了更为先进的BIM技术,而随着这项技术的应用,也极大地促进了暖通空调设计领域的发展,并且对于该领域的影响是深远而重大的。相比于其他技术,在暖通空调设计中应用BIM技术的优势在于,第一可以使暖通空调设计创造出更大的经济价值,第二可以有效提高空调的设计效率和施工的速率,第三可以有效延长暖通空调的使用寿命。基于此,本文对BIM技术在暖通空调设计中的应用做了详细的分析,通过分析来明确BIM技术对暖通空调设计的影响和作用,为相关人士在暖通空调设计中提供参考。     

建筑暖通空调节能降耗技术研究

近年来,随着我国经济的不断发展,人民的生活水平得到了大幅度提高。暖通空调成为了在人们的住房中必不可少的一部分。但是,建筑暖通空调相对来说是耗电量比较大的一种设备,同时也会在隐形的层面给城市的发展带来环境的污染,因此在新时代下进行相关的暖通空调节能降耗技术的研究势在必行。接下来本文将从节能降耗暖通空调的设计原则以及技术的角度出发,针对此提出促进建筑暖通空调节能降耗的措施,希望可以对我国的建筑暖通空调节能降耗事业的发展有所帮助。     

关于高层建筑暖通空调设计的要点分析

建筑行业在如今社会发展的过程中,得到了较大的拖动,而高层建筑行业也同样成为了整个行业发展的必然趋势。暖通空调中的设计至关重要的一个部分,只有保证了暖通空调设计方案的完善性,才能够最大限度的提升高层建筑暖通空调安装的质量。本篇文章主要针对关于高层建筑暖通空调设计的要点进行了全面详细的分析,以期为建筑暖通工程发展作出贡献。     

暖通空调系统的节能措施

随着我国经济的不断发展,暖通空调系统已达到极大的普及率,因而暖通空调系统在居民家庭的巨大能耗引起了社会的广泛关注。为满足人们的居住环境需求,研究暖通空调系统之节能措施具有重大意义。本文就分析暖通空调系统现状与暖通空调系统节能措施两部分进行探究。     

机电安装工程暖通空调新技术及发展趋势研究

本文依照文献对比法和理论分析法对暖通空调安装工程及暖通空调发展技术进行分析,合理提出了机电安装工程暖通空调按照所遇到的问题,并依据新技术尝试在解决问题的同时合理促进暖通空调新技术的发展趋势。     

Empowering Local Communities? An International Review of Community Land Trusts

This paper aims to investigate the premise that community land trusts (CLTs) offer a method of delivering affordable housing that empowers local communities and provides democratic management of community assets. The paper provides a comparative analysis of CLT developments in England, Scotland and the USA, reviewing the policy and literature to identify two key approaches that underpin CLTs: an approach to property development that emphasises resale restrictions used to preserve housing use for the CLT's target clientele, and an approach to citizen governance that privileges local communities. The paper identifies a variation of practices that underpin the operation of CLTs in each country and uses the advanced developments in Scotland and the USA to illustrate some of the challenges that remain if the CLT sector in England is to continue its recent growth.     

Key relationship-based determinants of project performance in China

The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship-based factors that affect performance of general building projects in China. Thirteen performance metrics that may be used to measure the success level of construction projects are defined and categorized into four groups namely cost, schedule, quality and relationship performance. Fourteen risks inherent in relationships and 16 tools expected to facilitate relationship building that may affect project success are identified. Data of different projects were collected in China via a self-administered postal survey. Multiple linear regression models are developed to help explain the variance in different performance metrics. It has been found that ten risks and nine tools have either positive or negative influence on project performance to some different extents and in different project development process stages. Detailed explanations are made, especially to those variables bearing unexpected signs. It is recommended that firms in the Chinese construction industry manage the relationship-based factors that are significant in the MLR models so as to achieve project success.     

Students’ Perspectives on the Relevance of Sustainability Literacy in a Postgraduate Built Environment Program

ABSTRACT

Achieving sustainable development in the built environment requires the human resource with the right sustainability knowledge and skills to respond to the challenge facing the construction industry. It is argued that educational institutions have a key role to play in educating future generations with the right sustainability knowledge and skills. This research explores the relevance of sustainability literacy to postgraduate students enrolled in a quantity surveying (QS) course at the London South Bank University. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach that examines students’ perspective on the importance of sustainability literacy and how it has been integrated in the program through interview with 15 students followed by a survey with 98 part-time and full-time students enrolled on the course. The results revealed that students value sustainability knowledge and skills. Most students believe that they need to be sustainability literate to be competitive in the job market. More than half of the students (53%) argued that sustainability literacy was delivered sometimes with a satisfaction rate of 45%, which shows that students are not really happy with how sustainability literacy has been embedded in the course and argues that more needs to be done to fully integrate sustainability literacy in the program.     

Local associations and participation in place: change and continuity in the relationship between state and civil society in twentieth-century Britain

This paper uses a review of evidence relating to the history of local civic associations to address the temporally and geographically variable relationship between state and civil society. We focus particularly on the historical development of participative practices, thus also contributing to contemporary debate about the potentials of increased community involvement in place-making. The paper has three primary purposes. First, we assess the role that local associations have played in advancing planning and conservation agendas. Second, we discuss the differing modes of participation that are most visible in the work of local groups. Third, we use a focus on the discussions of participation that took place in the late 1960s, which raised explicit questions about the relations between local state and civil society, to explore a series of problematics relating to the promise and the practice of participation. We argue that in seeking to understand both the past and the present of local associational involvement in place-making and management it is important to recognize that local groups have variable professional and social resources that lead to differences in their ability to engage in local governance. We also argue that this sphere of voluntary activity exhibits continuities with longer term practice, rather than the paradigm shift that is sometimes described in accounts of the development of participation.     

Shrinkage characteristics of heat-tacked GCL seams

The behavior of heat-tacked GCL seams under cyclic wetting and drying is examined. It is shown that the transverse shrinkage behavior of heat-tacked seams was similar to that observed in previous shrinkage tests performed on unseamed GCL. It is shown that the heat-tacked seam has strength comparable to the GCL adjacent to the seam and hence it is likely the strength of the GCL itself that will govern failure of the GCL in applications where there can be significant shrinkage. The strength of the heat-tacked seam subjected to 40 wet-dry cycles was at least as high as that of virgin heat-tacked samples, suggesting that 40 wet-dry cycles did not weaken the heat-tacked seam. After 40 cycles, the samples remained heat-tacked, suggesting the technique has promise as one method of preventing panel shrinkage for GCLs highly susceptible to shrinkage. It is noted that these tests are small-scale laboratory tests, under idealized conditions, and that the behavior in the field may differ due to more extreme conditions that may occur in the field and due to the greater amount of material between seams available to shrink and hence induce forces in the heat-tacked GCL seam.     

Editorial: Suffer the Citizens: Urban Planning Without Theory

Planning organisations are generally considered the producers of public policy plans. This article considers planning organisations as also producers of fantasies. These are fantasies that organise the collective desires of a polity and construct the visions that guide and shape the agency of the organisation itself. Further, in contrast to differentiating between fantasy and reality, this article will take a psychoanalytical approach to fantasy where fantasy helps to structure a subject's reality and, in aggregate, that of a subject's society. This is a perspective that acknowledges a constitutively unclear division between these two ideas of a materialised reality produced by our actions and the fantasies that help generate this observable materialisation. Exploring this issue is important, as the article will argue that this fantasy construction underlies much that constitutes planning policy practice and regularly occurs even when planning actors know that these desired fantasised outcomes cannot possibly be achieved within a plan or policy. After exploring the Auckland Plan as an exemplar of fantasy construction, the article will argue that planning needs to acquire a different relationship to fantasy, one in which planning is no longer ‘in thrall’ to fantasy and the improbable desires that planning fantasies often propagate.     

Public health and economic impact of dampness and mold

The public health risk and economic impact of dampness and mold exposures was assessed using current asthma as a health endpoint. Individual risk of current asthma from exposure to dampness and mold in homes from W.J. Fisk, Q. Lei-Gomez & M.J. Mendell [(2007) Indoor Air, [corrected] 17, 284-296], and [corrected] asthma risks calculated from additional studies that reported the prevalence of dampness and mold in homes were used to estimate the proportion of US current asthma cases that are attributable to dampness and mold exposure at 21% (95% confidence internal 12-29%). An examination of the literature covering dampness and mold in schools, offices, and institutional buildings, which is summarized in the Appendix, suggests that risks from exposure in these buildings are similar to risks from exposures in homes. Of the 21.8 million people reported to have asthma in the USA, approximately 4.6 (2.7-6.3) million cases are estimated to be attributable to dampness and mold exposure in the home. Estimates of the national cost of asthma from two prior studies were updated to 2004 and used to estimate the economic impact of dampness and mold exposures. By applying the attributable fraction to the updated national annual cost of asthma, the national annual cost of asthma that is attributable to dampness and mold exposure in the home is estimated to be $3.5 billion ($2.1-4.8 billion). Analysis indicates that exposure to dampness and mold in buildings poses significant public health and economic risks in the USA. These findings are compatible with public policies and programs that help control moisture and mold in buildings. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: There is a need to control moisture in both new and existing construction because of the significant health consequences that can result from dampness and mold. This paper demonstrates that dampness and mold in buildings is a significant public health problem with substantial economic impact.     

Turning Social Relations into Space: Property,Law and the Plaza of Santa Fe,New Mexico

In this article, a series of controversies in and over the central Plaza of Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA is examined. The complex and contradictory dynamics of law and property as they intersect to shape and define a critical public space that is the symbolic heart of Santa Fe's landscape are explored. It is argued that laws and regulations that determine the activities that may occur in the Plaza, that restrict some actions, or that adjudicate ownership disputes literally shape the lands to which they pertain. It is shown that one purpose of law is to negotiate just how the social relations that are property get transformed into the regulated space that is property.     

Bridging the domestic building fabric performance gap

It is recognized that there is often a discrepancy between the measured fabric thermal performance of dwellings as built and the predicted performance of the same dwellings and that the magnitude of this difference in performance can be quite large. This paper presents the results of a number of in-depth building fabric thermal performance tests undertaken on three case study dwellings located on two separate Passivhaus developments in the UK: one masonry cavity and the other two timber-frame. The results from the tests revealed that all the case study dwellings performed very close to that predicted. This is in contrast with other work that has been undertaken regarding the performance of the building fabric, which indicates that a very wide range of performance exists in new-build dwellings in the UK, and that the difference between the measured and predicted fabric performance can be greater than 100%. Despite the small non-random size of the sample, the results suggest that careful design coupled with the implementation of appropriate quality control systems, such as those required to attain Passivhaus Certification, may be conducive to delivering dwellings that begin to ‘bridge the gap’ between measured and predicted fabric performance.     

建筑市场前沿问题研究

根据当前我国建筑市场的现状,分析了影响建筑市场持续发展迫切需要解决的前沿问题,提出从健全投资者责任制,依法规范业主行为;规范竞争性市场秩序,优化承包商整体结构;建立质量责任追究制度,生产合格建筑产品;改革现行价格机制,推行量价分离计价方式;完善有形建筑市场,提高服务管理水平等方面来进一步培育和完善建筑市场运行机制,促进建筑市场健康有序发展,保证我国建筑业在世界经济大循环中具有较强的竞争力.