光纤预制棒切割专机设计

根据光通讯材料的特点、光纤预制棒制造企业要求,分析光纤预制棒切割专机设计的关键技术及设计要点,有针对性地设计了光纤预制棒切割专机,确保了加工质量及效率,在一年多的实际应用中其技术得到了充分验证.     

回转式光纤预制棒磁力抛光机结构设计与分析

光纤预制棒的抛光效果直接影响光纤的性能及质量.针对光纤预制棒在加工需求,结合磁力抛光原理,提出了旋转磁场的设计方法及实施结构;采用"工件固定磁场旋转"的技术方案,设计了一种回转式磁力抛光机.此外,结合Maxwell软件对抛光头磁场进行模拟仿真,探究了旋转磁场参数与磁场力的关系.研究结果表明:所提出的回转式光纤预制棒磁力...     

光纤激光切割06Cr19Ni10不锈钢质量控制研究

06Cr19Ni10不锈钢是一种普遍使用的材料,常被应用于军工产品、仪表器械以及各种机械设备中。试验利用光纤激光切割加工2 mm厚06Cr19Ni10不锈钢板材,通过将激光功率分别设定为300 W、400 W、500 W,切割速度分别设定为1.5 m/min、2.5 m/min和离焦量设定为0 mm、-1.5 mm、-2.5 mm,进行切割尺寸为30 mm×120 mm试样件来确定激光功率、激光切割速度、离焦量等对零件加工精度及表面质量的影响规律,最终得出当激光功率设定为400 W、切割速度1.5 m/min、离焦量-1.5 mm时,能有效地确保光纤激光切割06Cr19Ni10不锈钢的零件质量。     

添加Al-Ti-B的Mg-20Al-0.8Zn半固态组织的形成机理

利用添加质量分数为0.4%的Al-Ti-B中间合金来改善Mg-20Al-0.8Zn镁合金的铸态组织,研究了该合金在半固态等温处理过程中的组织演变以及非枝晶组织的制备与控制.结果表明,Al-Ti-B能显著减小铸态Mg-20Al-0.8Zn合金的晶粒尺寸,且经过Al-Ti-B细化处理的Mg-20Al-0.8Zn合金在半固态等温热处理过程中可获得更加均匀、细小的球状固相颗粒,固相颗粒的粗化速度较慢.试验得到的半固态组织中固相颗粒的平均尺寸为55～65 μm.试验表明,采用等温处理(450℃+保温90～120 min;465℃+保温90 min或485℃+保温60～90 min)能够得到更适合触变成形的半固态浆料,其半固态浆料的组织更加均匀、晶粒更加细小.     

电磁搅拌协同转棒诱导形核制备Al-25Si合金半固态浆料

采用电磁搅拌协同转棒诱导形核法制备了Al-25Si合金半固态浆料,研究了转棒转速及搅拌电流对合金半固态显微组织的影响。结果表明,转速及电流过高或过低时,初生Si的尺寸较大且会聚集。当转速为500r/min、搅拌电流为25A时,能够获得分布均匀,尺寸约为25μm的初生Si颗粒且其边缘钝化。     

线切割机对超行程零件的加工

线切割机在加工过程中,经常会遇到需加工的零件型面尺寸超出拖板行程的范围。怎样在保证零件尺寸精度的情况下,将零件加工出来呢?下面以机身纵向样板加工为例,谈谈我们的加工方法。首先,根据图纸要求、零件型面尺寸与机床拖板行程的长度,定加工时接刀的次数及位置,定加工基准,准备3～4个高度相等的机床夹具,并将其固定在工作台上适当的位置。样板料的校平以手工为好。接着调整切割加工时的电压、电流及进给速度等参数。一般控制在电压70V,电流0.6A左右,进给速度5～6mm/min,并加大介质的流量,切割轨迹不可出现烧伤痕迹,这样就可以把误差控制…     

板坯连铸机的升级改造及其结晶器在线热调宽

介绍了中钢设备有限公司对承建的土耳其某钢厂双流板坯连铸机升级改造:将铸坯规格由最大170 mm×880 mm提高到190 mm× 1015 mm,并增加了结晶器在线热调宽功能.考虑到原铸机结晶器宽窄边铜板和背板等主要部件的尺寸均不能满足新的板坯尺寸要求,且调宽机构精度也不能满足在线热调宽的要求,中钢设备有限公司重新设计了结晶器、弯曲段和扇形段5～6,并对扇形段1～4、7～10和其他部分进行了改造.改造后调宽速度为10～ 20 mm/min,调宽过程中拉坯速度为1.0～1.6 m/min,且铸坯质量良好,铸机增产达40％.     

镁合金表面高转速搅拌摩擦加工区的微观组织和耐腐蚀性能

目的 采用高转速搅拌摩擦加工技术在AZ31B镁合金表面制备一层组织结构均匀化和致密化的加工层,改善镁合金表面的耐腐蚀性能.方法 采用高转速搅拌摩擦加工技术对AZ31B镁合金表面进行单道次加工,并利用XRD、OM、EBSD、TEM和SEM分析不同转速下加工区的相组成、晶粒形貌、织构特征、二次相分布和表面腐蚀形貌,利用无纸记录仪和电化学工作站分别测试加工区的热循环曲线和表面耐腐蚀性能.结果 经高转速搅拌摩擦加工之后,在AZ31B镁合金表面制备了宏观成形美观且微观组织结构明显细化、均匀化和致密化的加工区.加工区相组成与基材一致,均由α-Mg和β-Al12Mg17组成.加工区平均晶粒尺寸较基材明显细化,织构强度明显增大.随着转速的增大,加工区平均晶粒尺寸逐渐粗化,织构强度逐渐减弱,β-Al12Mg17相分布更加均匀弥散.加工区耐腐蚀性能较基材明显提升,自腐蚀电位由基材的–1.49 V增至–1.28 V,自腐蚀电流由基材的2.08×10–4 A减小至9.51×10–5 A.在转速为3000 r/min和加工速度为100 mm/min的工艺条件下,加工区展现出较佳的耐腐蚀性能.结论 高转速搅拌摩擦加工可显著细化晶粒,均匀化和弥散化析出相分布,有效改善镁合金表面耐腐蚀性能.     

采用PLC控制步进电机实现点位控制

数控系统的点位控制一般用在孔加工机床上,其特点是:机床移动部件能实现由一个位置到另一个位置的精确移动,即准确控制移动部件的终点位置,但并不考虑其运动轨迹.PLC具有抗干扰能力强、可靠性极高、编程方便等显著优点,文章以OMRON公司CP1H-X40D型PLC为例,分析如何利用PLC指令软件编程实现对步进电机的定位/速度控制,提供了实现数控系统中点位控制的经济、有效的具体方法.     

搅拌摩擦加工MB8镁合金的组织与力学性能分析

研究了MB8(Mg-1.5Mn-0.3Ce)合金在FSP不同工艺参数条件下的组织和力学性能。试验在加工速度恒定为60mm/min,旋转速度分别为800、1200和1800r/min的条件下进行。结果表明,经FSP加工,原始轧制态MB8镁合金的粗大不均匀组织受到搅拌头的剧烈搅拌作用而破碎、分散,并发生动态再结晶,获得细小、均匀的等轴晶粒。在转速为800r/min时,搅拌区的平均晶粒尺寸由原始轧制态的16.5μm细化至6μm。常温拉伸试验结果表明,MB8镁合金经FSP加工后抗拉强度大幅下降,但伸长率显著增大,在1200r/min时伸长率达57%,是原始材料伸长率的160%。此外,采用SEM观察拉伸试样断口,分析了MB8镁合金的断裂机制。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.