车削45%SiCp/Al复合材料刀具寿命及磨损机制研究

为探索金刚石刀具(PCD)和涂层硬质合金刀具加工45%SiCp/Al复合材料时的刀具磨损、切削力、表面粗糙度的变化规律,对45%SiCp/Al复合材料进行了切削试验。分别使用三向测力仪对切削力进行测量,光学显微镜对刀具磨损进行了观察和测量。分析了PCD和涂层硬质合金刀具磨损的演变过程及刀具磨损对切削力、表面粗糙度的影响规律。研究结果表明,对于PCD刀具,前刀面磨损形式依次为晶粒脱落、磨粒磨损、粘结磨损并存在崩刃。后刀面的主要磨损形式为磨粒磨损,并伴有积屑瘤的产生。硬质合金刀具前刀面磨损形式依次为涂层脱落、磨粒磨损,后刀面出现严重磨粒磨损并且出现粘附现象,用PCD刀具切削45%SiCp/Al复合材料,切削力随积屑瘤增长或脱落呈周期性变化。用涂层硬质合金刀具切削时,主切削力是PCD刀具的两倍。对于PCD刀具,表面粗糙度也随积屑瘤呈周期性变化。涂层硬质合金刀具切削45%SiCp/Al复合材料的表面粗糙度大于PCD刀具,并且随切削距离增加急剧增长。     

基于切削力和神经网络的铣削刀具状态监测研究

基于切削力分量测量信号,提出了用于端面铣削的刀具状态监测(TCM)的3层BPNN网络系统,用于估计铣削过程中的刀具磨损(Vb)和表面粗糙度(Ra).利用切削力数据构建了6×10×2结构的神径网络的训练样本,并对其性能进行了评价.建立了刀具磨损和表面粗糙度与有关的切削参数关系.试验结果表明模型输出与直接测量的刀具磨损和表面粗糙度的值非常接近,证明了该方法是可行的.     

微细铣削中切削条件对刀具磨损影响的试验研究

在微细铣削加工中,刀具易发生磨损失去切削能力,这严重影响了工件加工质量和效率。文章研究了微细铣削黄铜H59时,4种不同的切削条件(干切削、浇灌润滑、微量润滑MQL、-5℃低温气体冷却)对刀具磨损、切削力和表面粗糙度Ra的影响规律,并分析评价出了能够减少刀具磨损,保证加工质量的最佳切削条件。试验结果表明:不同的评判指标下,4种切削条件的优劣次序不完全相同;微细铣削中借助切削力与表面粗糙度Ra的变化趋势可以辅助判断刀具磨损情况;所用4种切削条件中,微量润滑条件特别适合高质量的黄铜材料微细铣削加工。该研究对于微细铣削不同材料时切削条件的选择具有实际的指导意义。     

不同切削距离下硬质合金刀具加工GH4169的切削性能研究

为探索不同切削距离下硬质合金刀具加工GH4169时的磨损规律、切削力、表面粗糙度,对GH4169材料进行了切削试验。分析了硬质合金刀具磨损的演变过程及刀具磨损对切削力、表面粗糙度的影响。研究结果表明,随着切削距离的增加,前刀面磨损区域逐渐扩大,前刀面磨损形式依次为涂层脱落、沟槽磨损、粘附磨损,后刀面磨损形式主要为涂层脱落及微崩刃。高温合金材料中较多的硬质颗粒,及其较强的粘性是导致前刀面磨损的主要原因。F_x、F_y、F_z的总体变化趋势为随着切削距离的增加先增大后减小,试件表面粗糙度随切削距离的增加先减小再增大后减小,在切削75m时,表面粗糙度最小。     

基于切削技术的金刚石刀具磨损特征分析

金刚石刀具的磨损情况决定其使用寿命。用金刚石PCD刀具切削6061-T6镁铝合金工件,通过不同切削速度、切削深度、振动频率、刀具后角时的切削力及切削温度变化,研究不同刀具前后角、进给量、切削转速时的工件表面粗糙度及刀具磨损面积。结果表明:金刚石刀具的切削力和切削温度随切削速度、切削深度的增加而增大,随振动频率的增加而减小;刀具后角增大,金刚石刀具的切削力呈先下降而后缓缓上升趋势,但对切削温度的影响很小。当刀具前角为10°,刀具后角为8°,切削速度为0.46?m/s,切削深度为28?μm,进给量为0.10?mm/r,切削转速为4100?r/min,振动频率为22?kHz,切削振幅为9?μm时,金刚石刀具的磨损面积最小,磨损程度最低,使用寿命最长,但工件的表面粗糙度稍高。      

CVD金刚石厚膜刀具切削参数对切削力及粗糙度影响的研究

为了探究CVD金刚石厚膜刀具切削参数(包括刀具后角、刀尖圆弧半径、切削速度、进给量和切削深度)对切削力和被加工表面粗糙度影响的初步规律,采用单因素方法进行了一系列CVD金刚石厚膜刀具车削仿真和试验研究。结果表明:AdvantEdge有限元仿真软件模拟切削力过程有一定的准确性;在试验参数范围内,随着刀具后角的增大,切削力和表面粗糙度都是先减小后增大,当后角为11°时,切削力和表面粗糙度值最小;随着刀尖圆弧半径的增大,切削力逐渐增大,而表面粗糙度则逐渐减小;随着切削速度的增大,切削力和表面粗糙度都是先增大后减小,当切削速度为90m/min时,切削力和表面粗糙度值最大;随着进给量的增大,切削力和表面粗糙度都显著增大;随着切削深度的增大,切削力和表面粗糙度都逐渐增大,但切削深度对表面粗糙度的影响较小。     

水溶性合成酯极压添加剂的不锈钢切削实验

为了了解新型的水溶性合成酯极压添加剂KLG-3的切削效果,用乳化液(10%KLG-3)进行AISI 304不锈钢车削实验,通过粗糙度、刀具寿命、刀具磨损、切屑和切削力的比较,了解该微乳化液与多种传统切削液及干切削的切削效果差异。结论显示:10%KLG-3在减少刀具磨损和改善加工表面光洁度方面有良好效果,优于大部分传统切削液,因此非常适合于不锈钢切削。KLG-3的微乳化液的综合切削效果相对干切削效果有显著改善,已经达到传统切削液效果,可以代替传统切削液使用。     

超细硬质合金刀具YW2A车削06Cr19Ni10不锈钢的切削性能

采用真空烧结法制备超细YW2A和传统YW2硬质合金刀具,测试其微观结构与机械性能,以切削速度作为变量,车削06Cr19Ni10不锈钢。用测力仪YDC-Ⅲ89B及便携式粗糙度仪TR100分别测量切削力和零件表面粗糙度,光学显微镜、工具显微镜XGJ-1及扫描电镜S-3400N分别用于金相和刀具磨损检查。结果表明:与YW2相比,YW2A具有更高的硬度与抗弯强度,切削加工时的切削力及表面粗糙度值稍低,氧化磨损程度较小,但两种刀具都表现为剥落磨损为主。     

水溶性合成酯极压添加剂的不锈钢切削实验（英文）

为了了解新型的水溶性合成酯极压添加剂KLG-3的切削效果,用乳化液(10%KLG-3)进行AISI 304不锈钢车削实验,通过粗糙度、刀具寿命、刀具磨损、切屑和切削力的比较,了解该微乳化液与多种传统切削液及干切削的切削效果差异。结论显示:10%KLG-3在减少刀具磨损和改善加工表面光洁度方面有良好效果,优于大部分传统切削液,因此非常适合于不锈钢切削。KLG-3的微乳化液的综合切削效果相对干切削效果有显著改善,已经达到传统切削液效果,可以代替传统切削液使用。     

切削速度对钛合金（TC4）干车削行为的试验研究

采用细晶硬质合金刀具(YG6X)对钛合金(TC4)进行干车削试验,将光学仪(OM)、工具显微镜(XGJ-1)、扫描电子显微镜(S-3400N)、测力仪(YDC-Ⅲ89B)及表面粗糙度仪(TR100)分别用于切屑与刀具磨损的宏微观、切削力以及表面粗糙度的检测。结果表明:随着切削速度的增大,切屑由带状向锯齿状演化,切削力呈降低趋势,后刀面磨损缓慢增加,表面粗糙度下降,其根本原因是钛合金固有的低导热系数和弹性模量及高化学活性。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.