基于模型参考自适应控制的四轮独立驱动技术研究

为了提高四轮独立车辆的性能,在恒压网络二次调节的基础上提出了模型参考自适应控制的四轮独立驱动技术。介绍了二次调节静液传动的系统结构模型以及四轮独立驱动的原理。建立了恒压调速系统数学模型,并针对二次调节静液传动系统存在建模不准确、系统压力波动、外负载干扰等缺点,采用模型参考自适应建立了恒压调速控制系统。通过MATLAB对系统进行仿真分析,由仿真结果可知:基于模型参考自适应控制的液压四轮驱动方案具有良好的控制效果,在不同形式的外负载干扰情况下该控制方案具有很好的适应性和抗外干扰能力。     

基于神经网络的虚拟轴机床轨迹跟踪控制方法的研究

针对永磁直线电机驱动的六自由度虚拟轴机床提出基于神经网络的轨迹跟踪控制方法.采用神经网络来实现永磁直线电机伺服系统的位置和速度控制,将负载扰动、杆间耦合扰动等效地看成电动机模型参数的变化,通过调整权值来补偿不确定性扰动对轨迹跟踪控制的影响,保证了系统的鲁棒性.仿真实验结果表明,用该方法设计的虚拟轴机床控制系统具有良好的跟踪给定和抑制扰动的效果,从而保证机床运动协调、姿态合理.     

加工中心双直线电机自适应模糊滑模同步控制

针对龙门移动式加工中心X轴驱动过程中两套直线电机伺服系统的位置不同步问题,采用了自适应模糊滑模控制方法对两直线电机的位置和速度误差进行补偿,设计了自适应模糊滑模同步控制器.该同步补偿方法充分利用了滑模控制的快速响应及对被控对象变化不敏感的特性.在用模糊控制削弱了滑模的抖振的同时,设计一个自适应调节律来估计最优的调节量,以较小的控制量保证较好的跟踪性能,既保证了系统的稳定性又易于工程实现.通过Simulink仿真验证了该方法的可行性并与模糊滑模控制进行了比较,结果表明该方法提高了同步控制精度.     

模糊自适应PID控制在静压行驶驱动系统中的应用

针对工程车辆静压行驶驱动系统的特点及其性能要求,应用模糊控制理论,在传统PID控制基础上设计一种模糊自适应PID控制器。该控制器根据马达转速偏差和偏差的变化率,利用模糊逻辑实现PID参数的在线调整,使系统具有较好的自适应能力和较强的抗干扰性。在Matlab/Simulink环境下对其进行了动态仿真。仿真结果表明,模糊自适应PID控制器的性能远优于常规PID控制器。     

电机云母槽下刻机偏差补偿控制系统设计

研究了牵引电机换向器云母槽下刻加工的实际工况,针对现有云母槽下刻机床无法补偿云母槽中心线偏差的情况,提出了一种偏差补偿方法,建立了偏差补偿数学模型,并设计了偏差补偿控制系统.该设计方案采用PLC与定位模块联合控制,结合人机界面的可视化交互功能,实现了偏差自动补偿,充分发挥了定位模块和步进电机驱动精度高、稳定性好、使用简便的优点,切实提高了云母槽下刻机床的实用性.     

基于反推法的机电系统自适应模糊控制

针对参数不确定的机电系统中的位置跟踪控制问题,利用模糊逻辑系统的高斯函数逼近耦合系统中非线性函数,采用反推设计方法实现了永磁电机与机械传动机构的高精度自适应模糊控制,并利用李雅普诺夫函数证明了位置闭环系统的稳定性.通过理论分析以及与传统反推控制方法的仿真结果比较表明,该方案实现了系统的位置跟踪控制,提高了系统的鲁棒性及虚拟函数的动态性能.     

机电伺服系统有限时间自适应反步控制方法研究

机电伺服系统存在未建模动态及不可避免的未知扰动,会严重影响系统的伺服性能。针对未知扰动下机电伺服系统惯性负载的角位移跟踪控制问题,考虑未建模动态对系统的影响,提出一种基于有限时间的模糊自适应指令滤波反步控制方法,能有效补偿系统中的未知扰动和未建模动态,具有良好的惯性负载角位移跟踪控制效果。针对系统中存在的未知外部扰动及未建模动态,结合滤波反步法和模糊控制理论,使用模糊逻辑系统逼近未知非线性动态同时构造自适应控制器。考虑到微分计算带来的计算爆炸问题,构建有限时间指令滤波器,降低了系统的计算复杂度,并通过设计滤波误差补偿机制,对滤波误差项进行补偿,保证滤波信号的逼近能力,提升系统跟踪控制性能。通过稳定性分析,证明所设计的控制器能够保证系统的跟踪误差在有限时间内收敛。最后通过仿真实验,验证了所提控制方法的有效性。     

四轮轮毂电机电动汽车电子差速控制研究（英文）

针对四轮轮毂电机电动汽车转向时四轮差速问题,进行了电子差速控制研究。设计了电子差速控制策略,建立差速运动参考模型,根据四轮轮毂电机电动汽车四轮驱动力矩独立可控的优势,通过驱动力矩分配器对四轮驱动力矩进行合理分配,实现了实际轮速跟踪参考轮速,并在Matlab/Simulink里搭建了四轮轮毂电机电动汽车电子差速系统模型,通过CarSim与Matlab/Simulink联合仿真进行了验证。结果表明:电子差速差速控制策略能够有效实现转向时四轮差速控制,提高电动汽车的操纵稳定性。     

四轮轮毂电机电动汽车电子差速控制研究

针对四轮轮毂电机电动汽车转向时四轮差速问题，进行了电子差速控制研究。设计了电子差速控制策略，建立差速运动参考模型，根据四轮轮毂电机电动汽车四轮驱动力矩独立可控的优势，通过驱动力矩分配器对四轮驱动力矩进行合理分配，实现了实际轮速跟踪参考轮速，并在Matlab/Simulink里搭建了四轮轮毂电机电动汽车电子差速系统模型，通过CarSim与Matlab/Simulink联合仿真进行了验证。结果表明：电子差速差速控制策略能够有效实现转向时四轮差速控制，提高电动汽车的操纵稳定性。     

基于网络及总线技术的海底管道铺设焊接机器人

以开放式控制网络体系结构为理论指导,研究了海底管道铺设焊接机器人系统中多总线的集成问题.提出了基于CAN-open的数字化焊接电源控制、运动控制、角度传感、电气辅助等功能单元的一体化协同控制策略,并建立了焊接过程数据库.针对双行走电机的同步控制问题,采用同步组"分时通信、同步执行"的协议模型执行同步指令,提出了变负载运行下双电机驱动的主从速度跟随控制算法.借助自动化设备规范通信技术,研究了焊道自动覆盖功能的双机器人协同控制策略.利用先期焊接实验室及建造场地获得的焊接工艺完成了海上铺管焊接试验.结果表明,试验控制机器人系统构成和控制策略合理有效,焊接效率高,焊缝成形良好.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.