嵌入式数控内圆磨床人机交互系统研究

提出一种基于触摸屏的嵌入式精密数控内圆磨床人机交互系统设计方案.该系统采用主从式两级控制,通过开发界面软件实现了内圆磨削的集成交互控制,改善了人机交互性能,提高了加工效率和通信能力.     

嵌入式超声内圆磨削数控系统的研究与开发

在深入研究嵌入式系统技术和超声振动内圆磨削加工特点的基础上,提出一种基于ARM和μC/OS-Ⅱ的嵌入式超声振动内圆磨削数控系统的设计方案.以高性能、低功耗的32位ARM嵌入式处理器LPC2210为核心,配以系统所需的外围模块和各种接口电路组成系统的硬件结构;以源码公开的μC/OS-Ⅱ实时嵌入式操作系统为核心,开发系统所需的应用软件,将μC/OS -Ⅱ实时嵌入式操作系统扩展为一个完整的、实用的嵌入式超声波内圆磨削数控系统.     

面向对象的超声振动内圆磨削柔性数控系统设计与研究

提出了一种面向加工对象的嵌入式超声振动内圆磨削柔性数控系统。采用ARM和DSP进行硬件系统开发,通过对加工工艺参数和超声振动参数的耦合封装,建立加工参数构件库,实现对不同加工对象的柔性参数匹配。该系统对机床控制和超声振动控制功能进行了集成,提高了控制稳定性,增强了系统的柔性。     

基于ARM的嵌入式卷板机数控系统研究与设计

针对目前广泛应用的基于工控机与PLC开发的卷板机数控系统的改造和更新,设计一套基于ARM处理器和CPLD为控制核心的嵌入式卷板机数控系统,介绍该数控系统的各种硬件接口设计及数控系统软件的开发。该数控系统可灵活搭配硬件接口模块、运行嵌入式Linux操作系统、拥有良好的基于Qt设计的人机交互界面,为卷板机数控系统开发提供了一种解决方案。     

中小孔精密磨削监控反馈系统构建与应用

以数控精密内圆磨床为研究对象,结合其加工特点,构建了中小孔磨削监控反馈系统.从监控信号源的获取、信号采集、信号的分析及识别、反馈信息的输出等方面,探讨了磨削监控反馈系统的构建方法.针对磨削自动对刀监控应用案例,结合磨削工艺,通过编制PLC控制程序,实现机床既定控制动作,实现缩短空程运行时间,提高加工效率的目标.     

精密内圆磨削过程的神经网络模型的研究

建模，预报与控制是提高精密内圆磨削质量的一个重要方法。由于内圆磨削过程极其复杂，难于建立常规的数学模型。本文重点探讨用神经网络模型描述内圆磨削过程，分析了神经网络模型的特点，介绍了ＢＰ算法，并针对内圆磨削轴承内圈内孔的实例，设计了一种３层网络模型，给出了计算机仿真结果，指出：合理选择输入节点将加速网络的收敛。最后强调：神经网络真正用于实时建模与控制还有待于相关硬件的发展与应用。     

非圆截面工件表面的高速精密磨削

针对非圆工件表面的高速精密加工这一问题，设计集成一套磨床数控系统并改造一台数控实验磨床，利用数字PID原理对此系统的动、稳态性能进行控制调节。研究PMAC的时间基数控制法，结合直线电机的微量往复进给运动和电主轴单元的高速性能，来实现非圆工件的磨削加工。通过对椭圆形工件的磨削实验研究，为非圆零件的高效精密磨削提供了好的解决方案。     

PLC在M2110C内圆磨床改造中的应用

本文介绍对某厂M2110C内圆磨床进行技术改造,采用了可编程控制器(PLC)、位控单元、触摸屏作为控制系统;利用PLC的位置控制功能实现伺服电机的控制;磨削参数可根据工艺在触摸屏界面上设定.改造后的机床,加工精度高、系统稳定可靠,同时加工效率也得到了提高.     

曲轴磨床磨削进给和砂轮修整控制的研究与实现

通过研究曲轴曲拐径磨床磨削进给和砂轮修整的工艺过程,对磨床进行数控系统改造,用PLC和NC相结合的方式在不改变原来PLC程序的前提下实现了砂轮修整和磨削进给的控制。     

切入式磨削烧伤仿真预测与控制方法研究

基于磨削热传递模型和磨削去除率模型,提出了一种基于监控功率信号的切入式磨削烧伤仿真预测与控制方法,对砂轮在粗磨、半精磨、精磨、光磨各阶段的磨削功率信号进行监测,再利用计算机对机床数控系统各加工工艺参数进行控制,使砂轮实际磨削功率信号始终低于磨削烧伤最大功率边界的5%～15%,来避免出现工件磨削烧伤现象;同时,用轴承套圈内圆磨削试验验证了该方法的有效性和实用性。      

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.