高温拉伸对2524铝合金显微组织与力学性能的影响

在应变速率为10~(-4)~10~(-1 )s~(-1)和温度为250~450℃范围内对2524铝合金板材进行单向热拉伸试验,研究了热变形参数对其显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,当温度为400℃,应变速率为10~(-3 )s~(-1)时,2524铝合金开始表现出动态再结晶特征,升高温度以及降低应变速率,均有利于动态再结晶发生。在温度为250℃,应变速率为10~(-1 )s~(-1)时,抗拉强度最高为312 MPa,伸长率最低为13%。当温度恒定为250℃时,随应变速率的减小,抗拉强度降低42.9%,伸长率提高15.4%;当应变速率恒定为10~(-1 )s~(-1)时,随温度的升高,抗拉强度降低77.2%,伸长率提高285%,断口呈韧性断裂。     

TiNbTaZr合金形变诱发马氏体的相变机制

用透射电子显微镜对不同轧制变形量的Ti-28 Nb-15Ta-4Zr合金进行观察分析.结果表明,该合金在轧制前为单相体心立方β相合金,在轧制变形过程中有形变诱发马氏体α"相形成,α"相为正交晶系,单胞参数a=0.3152 nm,b=0.4854 nm,c=0.4642 nm.β相与α"相的位向关系为[100]α"//[(-100)]β,[010]α"//[01(-1)]β,[001]α"//[0(-1)(-1)]β,(100)α"//((-1)00)β,(010)α"//(01(-1))β,(001)α"//(0 (-1)(-1))β.据此提出形变诱发马氏体α"相变是以(0 (-1)(-1))β为不变平面转变为(001)α",在((-1)00)β和(01(-1))β面上原子经过微小迁移转变成(010)α"和(100)α"的马氏体相变机制.     

基于第一性原理掺磷石墨烯材料特性研究

采用第一性原理计算方法,研究了单层掺P石墨烯(P-SLG)能带结构及光学性质。结果表明,P-SLG能带带隙打开,由金属性质转变为半导体性质。P-SLG光吸收谱在2.57×10~4cm~(-1)、8.23×10~4cm~(-1)和1.15×10~5cm~(-1)处主要有3个峰值,在1.145 12×10~5cm~(-1)处达到最大值。反射谱与吸收谱峰值相对应,在1.15×10~5cm~(-1)处达到最大值,当频率大于1.5×10~5cm~(-1)时,反射率不再发生变化。P-SLG电导率实部在8.23×10~4cm~(-1)处达到最大值,峰值为1.5;虚部在1.15×10~5cm~(-1)处达到最大值,峰值为1.25;当频率大于1.5×10~5cm~(-1)实部和虚部无明显变化。     

长径比和加载速率对铜基块体金属玻璃室温力学性能的影响（英文）

通过单向压缩实验在试样长径比(H/D)和加载速率分别为1:1~2.5:1和1×10~(-5)~1×10~(-2)s~(-1)的条件下对Cu_(50)Zr_(40)Ti_(10-x) Ni_x(0≤x≤4,摩尔分数,%)块体金属玻璃的室温力学性能进行了系统研究。在长径比为1:1的情况下,当加载速率为1×10~(-4)s~(-1)时,Cu_(50)Zr_(40)Ti_(10)块体金属玻璃表现出超塑性;而Cu_(50)Zr_(40)Ti_(10-x) Ni_x(x=1~3,摩尔分数,%)块体金属玻璃在加载速度为1×10~(-2)s~(-1)的条件下出现超塑性;塑性应变(ε_p)、屈服强度(σ_y)和断裂强度(σ_f)显著地依赖于长径比和加载速率;当加载速率为1×10~(-2)s~(-1)时,长径比为1:1的块体金属玻璃的屈服强度几乎与其他长径比的块体金属玻璃的断裂强度接近;另外,本文作者也探讨了铜基块体金属玻璃力学性能对加载速率和长径比的响应机理。     

NCF3015气阀合金的热变形行为

采用Gleeble(-1)500D热模拟试验机对NCF3015气阀合金在变形温度为950～1200℃、应变速率为0. 1～10 s(-1)范围内的热变形行为进行研究,通过金相显微镜(OM)和电子背散射衍射仪(EBSD)分析了该合金在热变形过程中微观组织演变规律。结果表明:在应变速率为0. 1 s(-1),温度超过1000℃时,在真应变小于0. 7时,材料的软化过程大于硬化行为,真应变大于0. 7时,材料硬化行为占主导;在应变速率为1～10 s(-1)时,材料发生以动态再结晶为主的动态软化过程。NCF3015适宜热加工温度区间为1050～1150℃,应变速率为0. 1～0. 39 s(-1)。基于Arrhennius方程,得到NCF3015气阀合金的热变形激活能为Q=242. 785 k J·mol(-1)。在变形速率为1 s(-1)时,相比950℃温度下,1200℃变形后小角度晶界减少了34%,大角度晶界增加了66%。     

预孪晶AQ80镁合金热压缩本构方程及热加工图

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机,对预孪晶AQ80镁合金在变形温度为250~400℃、应变速率为1×10~(-3)~5 s~(-1)条件下进行热压缩实验。预孪晶AQ80镁合金本构方程的建立通过Arrhenius双曲正弦函数推导而来。基于动态材料模型,建立在应变量为0.1、0.3和0.5下的热加工图。结果表明:预孪晶AQ80镁合金的流变应力随着变形温度升高和应变速率下降而减小,热加工图中耗散峰值(η=48%)区出现在低温低应变速率范围(250~280℃,1×10~(-3) s~(-1))。结合热加工图和其对应区域的金相组织进行分析得出:应变量为0.5的失稳区在温度为250~400℃、应变速率为0.1~5 s~(-1)范围内;然而,加工安全区在温度为300~400℃、应变速率在1×10~(-3)~1×10~(-2) s~(-1)范围内,组织特征表现为动态再结晶。     

锻态AZ80镁合金的高温压缩流变行为

通过热模拟试验研究了锻造开坯后细晶AZ80镁合金的高温压缩流变行为,应变速率范围为10~(-4)~10~(-1)s~(-1),温度范围为250~410℃。结果表明:锻造开坯后镁合金塑性变形能力较铸态明显改善,热激活能降低至178.09 kJ/mol;低温条件下(250~300℃),基体析出大量Mg_(17)Al_(12)相,材料动态再结晶不充分,导致应力集中,在较高应变速率(10~(-1)s~(-1))下变形时,产生了开裂缺陷;高温条件下(350~410℃),材料发生了完全动态再结晶,在变形温度350℃,应变速率10~(-1)s~(-1)条件下,晶粒尺寸由25.6μm进一步细化至12.5μm。AZ80镁合金适宜的模锻成形条件为:温度350~380℃,应变速率10~(-2)~10~(-1)s~(-1)。     

热压烧结制备Cu/FeCoCr复合材料的显微组织及热物理性能（英文）

利用相图计算的CALPHAD方法和超音雾化制粉技术,在CuFeCoCr体系中设计并制备了一系列微米级复合粉体。通过热压烧结方法在烧结温度为950℃,烧结压力为45 MPa的工艺条件下成功获得块体复合材料。研究了块体复合材料中Cu含量对显微组织,热导率,热膨胀系数以及显微硬度的影响。结果表明:CuFeCoCr块体复合材料均由fcc富铜相和fcc富铁钴铬相组成。该系列复合材料经600℃时效处理8 h后,其热膨胀系数变化范围为5.83×10~(-6)～10.61×10~(-6) K~(-1),热导率变化范围为42.17～107.53 W·m~(-1)·K~(-1)。其中Cu_(55)(Fe_(0.37)Cr_(0.09)Co_(0.54))_(45)复合材料表现出良好的综合性能,即其热膨胀系数和热导率分别为9.08×10~(-6)K~(-1)和91.09 W·m~(-1)·K~(-1),与电子封装半导体材料的热膨胀系数相匹配。     

NdB4和Nd2FeB3标准生成自由能的测定

用CaF_2单晶为固体电解质构成原电池,在996—1061K测定了电池的可逆电动势,求得了NdB_4和Nd_2FeB_3的标准生成自由能为: △G°_(NdB_4)=(-838.5+4.1×10~(-1)T)×10~3Jmol~(-1) △G°_(Nd_2FeB_3)=(-1019.9+4.6×10~(-1)T)×10~3Jmol~(-1)     

速度和载荷对TC11合金干滑动磨损行为的影响

采用销-盘式高速磨损试验机对TC11合金在0.5~4 m·s~(-1)下进行干滑动摩擦磨损实验,研究了TC11合金的磨损行为,并探讨了磨损机制。结果表明:在0.5~4 m·s~(-1)之间,4 m·s~(-1)时TC11合金磨损失重最低,其次为0.75 m·s~(-1)时的,而2.68 m·s~(-1)时磨损失重最大。不同速度下磨损量均随载荷的增加而增加,其中以2.68 m·s~(-1)时增加最为剧烈。TC11钛合金的磨损为黏着磨损、磨粒磨损和氧化磨损的综合作用结果。0.75和2.68 m·s~(-1)时以黏着磨损和磨粒磨损为主要磨损机制,4 m·s~(-1)时转变为氧化轻微磨损为主。不同工况下磨损过程中均形成摩擦层,4m·s~(-1)时不同载荷下摩擦层中出现数量较多的氧化物TiO、TiO_2,此时摩擦层硬度较高,具有显著地减磨作用。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.