零件表面粗糙度的在线检测方法研究

根据零件表面粗糙度形成的复杂性，建立了基于具有结构和参数学习的模糊神经网络逻辑系统，通过该模糊神经网络搜索最优推理规则，并且通过最优模糊推量规则来在线检测零件表面粗糙度。该检测方法可在线检测零件的附加表面粗糙度。     

航天密封圈的曲面成像理论及其缺陷检测

针对利用视觉图像技术检测O形(密封)圈这类全向曲面特征零件的表面缺陷时存在曲面成像一致性差的难题,研究了曲面成像基础理论和航天系统用O形圈表面成像及其表面缺陷的全自动检测方法。首先,把O形圈表面划分为细小网格状的曲面小块,基于曲面小块的双向反射分布函数得到点光源辐照时曲面小块的辐射强度计算公式。然后,通过半球积分求得空间连续光源辐照条件下曲面小块的辐射强度计算方法。最后,结合O形圈曲面方程,建立了O形圈表面成像理论,并据此提出基于三镜头相机组的O形圈表面缺陷成像检测方法。对O形圈弧段曲面的成像实验表明:理论计算的亮度分布与实际亮度分布一致,垂直安装的镜头相机组对应的平均亮度误差为6.8,标准差为12.6;倾斜安装的镜头相机组相应的平均亮度误差最大为19.4,标准差为10.3;缺陷检测实验表明,所提方法能可靠检测出O形圈表面任意位置的缺陷,能够实现航天密封圈的全自动可靠检测。     

基于激光超声技术的刀具检测系统实验研究

针对合金刀具制造和切削过程中产生表面缺陷的无损检测问题,建立激光超声实验装置。实验结果表明,该系统能有效检测刀具表面裂纹,检测效率高,实验装置简单,经济成本低,且易于实现完全非接触式检测。     

Detecting surface and volume defects in metals by the laser-acoustic method

An all-purpose non-destructive method for detecting surface and volume defects in metallic objects has been developed. This technique is based on scanning the surface of a studied object with a focused laser beam and detecting the generated acoustic waves with a piezoelectric sensor. Defect control is performed by measuring the amplitude and propagation time of an acoustic signal to a detector, when the laser beam passes a defect zone.     

液体表面张力激光快速测量法

基于插板法测液体表面张力系数的基本原理,介绍了一种利用半导体激光器及准直光学系统输出的矩形平行光束,结合线阵CCD传感器,实现液体表面张力系数快速测量的方法。通过测量激光束两边沿在液体表面的入射角来求得表面张力系数,解决了插板法测液体表面张力系数的液面上升高度和接触角检测难题,避免了人为因素的影响。推导了矩形激光束两边沿在液体弯月面的入射角与表面张力系数的关系,以及用CCD测量激光入射角的计算公式,并进行了参数设计和误差分析。结果表明:为了提高液体表面张力系数的测量精度,在满足测量条件下,应采用尽可能大的矩形激光束宽度、激光入射角和CCD相对距离。理论分析表明,当光束宽度的测量误差为5 μm时,水的表面张力系数测量精度为1%。若将光束宽度的测量误差减小到2 μm,则水的表面张力系数理论精度可达0.5%。实验结果证明了水的表面张力系数测量精度达到1%。     

KRAUTKRAMER机载表面波探伤仪在高速钢轧辊检测中的应用

高速钢轧辊凭借其优良的性能，在轧钢行业得到越来越广泛地运用。但是长期以来对于高速钢轧辊表面缺陷的检测主要依靠手工来进行，不仅效率低，劳动强度大，而且容易造成缺陷的漏检。为了解决这一问题，宝钢从日本KRAUTKRAMER公司引进了安装在轧辊磨床上的机载表面波探伤仪，用于高速钢轧辊的自动检测。本文介绍了KRAUTKRAMER机载表面波探伤仪的工作原理，分析了高速钢轧辊自动表面波探伤的过程和形成的图谱，并总结了一种新的高速钢轧辊探伤标准。     

基于图像区域像素二阶中心矩的集成电路芯片图像拼接技术

在集成电路芯片光学检测中,完整而准确地获取芯片形貌的图像非常重要.针对集成电路芯片表面形貌图像获取的要求,首先讨论集成电路芯片图像放大采集系统构成及工作原理,并研究图像拼接在精密芯片图像检测中的必要性及重要性,针对集成芯片的微观表面图像特征处理的要求,提出集成电路芯片的区域像素二阶中心矩图像拼接技术,通过建立图像区域像素的二阶中心矩进行匹配点的准确搜索,随后进行芯片精密显微图像的拼接.编程实验证明,采用本方法可获得集成电路芯片表面的清晰图像,并使芯片的微观形貌和细小缺陷等细节能得到很好的展现.     

大型柔性曲面振动智能检测

以太空太阳能帆板的振动为对象建立大型柔性曲面振动检测样机,提供一种基于非视觉传感方法的大型柔性曲面振动智能检测方法和系统。系统将光纤光栅(Fiber bragg grating,FBG)分布式地封装于形状记忆合金基材中构成传感阵列,采用预应力封装提高FBG传感器的测量范围。根据波分复用和空分复用技术将传感阵列设计为传感网络,植入于曲面中,当被测曲面发生振动时, FBG解调仪检测到分布传感器的波长变化,转化为相应曲面上特征曲线的曲率信息。由曲率信息和弧长信息重建曲面形状,并在屏幕上显示出来,实现柔性曲面智能形状检测。试验结果表明,检测系统的FBG传感网络检测灵敏度高,重建算法速度快,重建曲面精度高,能够应用于大型柔性曲面的安全检测和监控。     

A study of the possibility of detecting surface defects in ferromagnetic products using a pyroelectromagnetic method

A new method for detecting surface cracks in ferromagnetic products by means of combined magnetization and defect zones by the temperature relief of a surface using an infrared camera (infrared imager) is proposed. Its physical principles and testing procedure are outlined. Experimental data obtained on steel specimens with surface microcracks are given.     

An optical method for detecting mechanical defects on high-grade-finish surfaces

A method for detecting surface defects is discussed. The method is based on analyzing the light scattering function with reference to the problem concerned with automatic control of a fuel cladding surface.     

基于激光传感的轮对踏面擦伤及剥离检测

介绍一种自动检测铁路车辆轮对踏面擦伤和剥离的新方法。利用激光传感技术建立轮对踏面数字矩阵,通过Marr算子边缘检测、二维双线性插值和基于踏面局部外形分解的数据校正处理技术,在轮对动态过程中快速提取轮对踏面擦伤深度和剥离长度等特征信息,精确拟合出踏面状况并加以诊断。系统分析软件采用VC++和Matlab语言编程,功能包括踏面矩阵数据处理,擦伤和剥离的自动检测,二维、三维图形显示和打印等。该踏面擦伤和剥离检测技术经过现场应用验证了其有效性和实用性。     

Application of evanescent wave optics to the determination of absolute distance in surface force measurements using the atomic force microscope

A combined scanning near field optical/atomic force microscope (AFM) is used to obtain surface force measurements between a near field sensing tip and a tapered optical fibre surface, whilst simultaneously detecting the intensity of the evanescent field emanating from the fibre. The tapered optical fibre acts as a compliant sample to demonstrate the possible use of the near field intensity measurement system in determining 'real' surface separations from normal AFM surface force measurements at sub-nanometer resolution between deformable surfaces.     

光纤传感在炮口测速中的研究

介绍了光纤传感器的基本原理和炮口测速的测量原理,进行了光纤束排列方式选择的实验和选用不同反射面进行探头与反射面探测距离的实验。根据实验结果绘制了关系曲线并对其进行了详细的分析。通过分析可知,最佳的测试方法是采用共轴内发射分布排列方式的光纤束,探头与反射面的探测距离为1.2mm时反射光强最大。从而为精确测定炮口速度提供了一定的理论基础。     

塑料注塑的CAD／CAE／CAM（Ⅴ）注塑模计算机辅助制造

给出了一个加工复杂注塑模的ＣＡＭ系统，包括从毛坯到合乎设计要求的模具成品的加工过程的多个环节，主要对加工的刀具轨迹的自动生成及干涉检查、曲面检测轨迹的自动生成及干涉检查、精加工的刀具轨迹的自动生成作了详细介绍。     

High-precision detection of focal position on a curved surface for laser processing

A new technique for detecting the focal position of a curved surface provides several advantages both in research and industrial applications. The quality of patterns lasered on a roll surface is determined by the precision of the focus detection, and surfaces of the massive rolls used in laser fabrication can be difficult to adjust properly using conventional technologies. Here, a unique method for detecting the focal position of a curved surface based on the reflected profile of a laser beam is presented. The versatility of the proposed technique results from being able to adjust the laser beam based on changes in the shape and diameter of the beam spot when the specimen surface deviates from the focal plane. A theoretical model based on three-axis movement is proposed, and experimental setups are developed based on the model. Analysis of the obtained results enables high precision positioning of the specimen and identification of the focal point. Furthermore, the presented technique can be used to locate the focal point on any curved surface. Therefore, the theoretical model, analysis results, and focal detection method can be combined in an algorithm for a novel auto-focusing system that can be applied to laser processing of curved surfaces, such as fabricating microgrooves, or engraving roll surfaces in printed electronics.     

Studying Detectability of Plane Surface Defects by Ultrasonic Method Using Rayleigh Waves

Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing - The problems of detecting operational plane surface defects by the ultrasonic method of nondestructive testing with the use of Rayleigh surface waves...     

Using Wavelets for Analyzing Ultrasonic Fields Detected by a Laser Interferometer. Flaw Detection and Localization in an Aluminum Single-Crystal

An example of using the wavelet transform for detecting and localizing a flaw in an aluminum single-crystal by analyzing ultrasonic fields detected by a laser interferometer on the surface of an elastic medium is considered.     

Novel technique for dynamic surface tension and viscosity measurements at liquid-gas interfaces

A novel means of generating and detecting surface waves at liquid-gas interfaces has been successfully developed. Electrocapillarity is used to generate the waves which are detected via specular reflection of a laser beam from the fluid surface to a position sensitive photodiode. Such a scheme is compact, sensitive, and does not mechanically touch the fluid surface. A preliminary study of highly damped waves on the magnetically oriented liquid crystal MBBA is reported.     

触针式三维粗糙度测量仪的开发及应用

基于表面微观形貌三维分析的完整性,介绍了一种新开发的触针式三维粗糙度测量仪。该测量仪可对表面各种功能属性、纹理结构、表面重要缺陷等进行量化描述,并通过对气缸套内表面珩磨平台网纹角度、分布、有效沟槽等的检测,验证了三维图像对实现表面个性化功能属性描述的重要意义,给人们认识和研究微观形貌提供了帮助。     

Precision nanometrology of a large areamicrostructured metrology surface

1 Introduction The authors have been working on a newsurface encoder for detecting multi-degree-of-freedom(MDOF) translational and tilt motionsof precision stages[1]. The surface encoder con-sists of two fundamental elements: a sinusoidalmicrostructured metrology surface, which is re-ferred to as the angle grid, and a two-dimension-al (2D) slope sensor[2-3].