基于惩罚函数NPGA的多目标路径规划

通过分析传统的机器人路径规划方法,将足球机器人路径规划归结为一个多目标优化问题,利用基于惩罚函数的小生境遗传算法建立动态目标路径规划的运动模型.仿真表明,与传统的路径规划方法相比,该方法在保证机器人较高体力值的前提下,规划出合理的路径.     

机器人路径规划方法综述

路径规划技术是机器人控制技术研究中的一个重要问题,目前为止,其研究方法主要有两大类传统方法和智能方法.综述了有关机器人路径规划技术的研究方法,介绍了自由空间法等传统方法,同时讨论了基于遗传算法、模糊控制和神经网络等智能方法的路径规划技术,并展望了机器人路径规划技术的未来与发展趋势.     

蚁群算法在机器人路径规划中的应用研究

针对传统机器人路径规划方法无法保证寻找全局最优路径的问题,本文提出了一种基于蚁群算法求解机器人路径规划的方法.在此基础上构建了移动机器人路径规划模型,并通过Visual C 6.0进行仿真.结果表明该算法能够在动态和静态环境中迅速找到机器人的最优路径,与基于遗传算法的路径规划方法相比具有较大的优势.     

遗传算法在移动机器人路径规划中的应用

移动机器人的路径规划是机器人研究的重要领域。文中旨在研究遗传算法对于机器人路径规划问题的适用性。对于路径规划的目标,提出了基于路径长度、路径平滑度和路径安全度等因素综合衡量的方法,并在传统的遗传算法的交叉、变异操作的基础上,针对路径规划问题的特点,增加了捷径寻找、障碍避让、平滑优化等方法。实验表明,此算法在存在形状复杂的障碍物的静态环境中表现良好,其效率与准确性皆满足机器人路径规划的要求。     

遗传算法在移动机器人路径规划中的应用

移动机器人的路径规划是机器人研究的重要领域。文中旨在研究遗传算法对于机器人路径规划问题的适用性。对于路径规划的目标,提出了基于路径长度、路径平滑度和路径安全度等因素综合衡量的方法,并在传统的遗传算法的交叉、变异操作的基础上,针对路径规划问题的特点,增加了捷径寻找、障碍避让、平滑优化等方法。实验表明,此算法在存在形状复杂的障碍物的静态环境中表现良好,其效率与准确性皆满足机器人路径规划的要求。     

水下机器人最优逃生线路规划研究与仿真

在水下机器人的逃生路线规划设计中,由于深海条件十分复杂,水下机器人在遇到各种险情逃生路线规划存在避障难题。传统的水下机器人逃生路线规划算法因受到海水连续波动问题,导致水下机器人速度和位置出现较大的扰动,摆脱路径规划结果存在较大偏差。为保障水下机器人作业安全,提出一种基于神经优化网络及遗传算法的水下机器人视觉最优逃生的线路规划,把机器人视觉仪器采集复杂障碍特征,归一化到视觉信息,融入规划模型中进行最佳路径的选择,将机器人摆脱复杂障碍以及最短路径的要求融合成一个适应度函数,通过遗传算法搜索获取最佳机器人逃生线路。仿真结果说明,神经网络优化遗传算法对于危险复杂海下情况,水下机器人最优逃生线路规划长度以及效率都优于传统模型。     

移动机器人路径规划的仿真研究

研究移动机器人路径优化问题,由于移动机器人寻优中存在定位稳定性和避障准确性问题,机器人路径规划不仅找到一条无碰撞、安全的移动机器人路径,而且要求路径尽可能最短。传统单一栅格法和遗传算法搜索最优路径效率低,难以全局最优路径。为了获得机器人全局最优路径,提出一种栅格法和混沌遗传算法相融合的移动机器人路径规划方法。首先采用栅格法对移动路径进行规划,作为遗传算法的初始种群,采用遗传算法进一步寻找最优路径。最后对移动机器人路径规划进行仿真,结果表明,混合算法可以很好地避免障碍物,快速找到一条机器人最优移动路径,十分适合于复杂环境路径规划。     

基于遗传算法的变电站巡检机器人任务路径规划方法研究

近年来,随着变电站巡检机器人在变电站中的广泛使用,巡检机器人路径规划问题越来越成为亟待解决的问题。巡检机器人在已知的拓扑地图中标记了待执行巡检任务的停靠点,不同任务需要从初始点出发经过不同的一系列停靠点再返回初始点,如何规划路径是机器人面临的问题。首先分析了路径规划面临的问题,然后通过分析拓扑地图的特征,对地图进行等价简化,再对问题进行建模使用遗传算法求解巡检任务路径规划的近似最优解。通过仿真实验证明,提出的基于遗传算法的路径规划方法是可行有效的,为变电站巡检机器人任务路径规划提供了一种有效方法。     

基于正反馈自适应遗传算法的机器人路径滚动规划*

针对传统遗传算法求解机器人路径规划问题存在的收敛速度较慢的缺陷,将蚂蚁算法、模拟退火算法、滚动规划和遗传算法相结合,提出了一种新颖的基于正反馈自适应遗传算法的滚动规划。仿真实验表明,即使在复杂的未知环境下,利用本算法也可以规划出一条全局优化路径,且能安全避碰。     

知识引导遗传算法实现机器人路径规划

针对传统遗传算法求解机器人路径规划问题存在的收敛速度较慢的缺陷,设计一种知识引导遗传算法,在染色体的编码、初始种群的产生、各种遗传算子和优化算子中加入相关的领域知识.综合考虑机器人路径的长度、安全度和平滑度等性能指标,在对机器人进行路径规划的同时,利用删除、简化、修正和平滑4种优化算子进行路径优化操作.仿真结果表明,所提方法能够有效提高遗传算法求解实际路径规划问题的能力和效率.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。