高速拖链线缆用高耐磨无卤阻燃热塑性聚氨酯护套材料的研究

选用热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)作为基材,通过添加无卤阻燃剂、润滑剂熔融共混制备高耐磨无卤阻燃TPU护套材料。采用力学性能测试、UL94垂直燃烧测试、极限氧指数测试、熔融指数测试、耐磨耗测试等研究了无卤阻燃TPU护套材料的力学性能、阻燃性能与耐刮磨性能。结果表明：相比于单纯氮系阻燃剂,磷氮复配阻燃剂在实现较高力学性能基础上提高了材料的阻燃性能;添加硅酮、羟基硅油均能改善阻燃TPU材料的磨耗性能,羟基硅油因其反应性在改善材料耐磨性能的同时也提高了力学性能。采用磷氮复配阻燃剂、羟基硅油作为润滑剂制备的阻燃TPU护套材料制备的拖链线缆通过VW-1阻燃、刮磨等测试,达到了高速拖链线缆用高耐磨无卤阻燃TPU护套材料开发要求。     

PE-HD/APP复合材料总体热稳定性作用与阻燃性能关系

采用聚磷酸铵（APP）对高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）进行填充改性,制备出APP不同含量的HDPE阻燃复合材料。通过水平-垂直燃烧仪与氧指数测定仪测试材料的阻燃性能,热重分析实验与复合材料总体热稳定性作用（OSE）评价材料的热稳定性能,研究材料总体热稳定性作用与阻燃性能间的关系。结果表明：OSE法能较好地衡量添加剂用量对复合材料热稳定性能影响情况,增加APP填充量有利于提高HDPE复合材料总体热稳定性与阻燃性能,提高HDPE复合材料的总体热稳定性有利于改善其阻燃性能。     

HDPE/APP复合材料总体热稳定性作用与阻燃性能关系的研究

采用聚磷酸铵（APP）对高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）进行填充改性,制备出APP不同含量的HDPE阻燃复合材料。通过水平-垂直燃烧仪与氧指数测定仪测试材料的阻燃性能,热重分析实验与复合材料总体热稳定性作用（OSE）评价材料的热稳定性能,研究材料总体热稳定性作用与阻燃性能间的关系。结果表明：OSE法能较好地衡量添加剂用量对复合材料热稳定性能影响情况,增加APP填充量有利于提高HDPE复合材料总体热稳定性与阻燃性能,提高HDPE复合材料的总体热稳定性有利于改善其阻燃性能。     

TAIC对阻燃聚烯烃材料的性能影响研究

通过向LDPE/EVA/MH为基础体系的阻燃聚烯烃材料添加敏化剂TAIC,制备辐射交联阻燃聚烯烃材料。研究了不同TAIC含量对阻燃聚烯烃材料的机械性能、电性能和热性能等的影响。机械性能测试结果表明,随着TAIC含量的增加材料的断裂伸长率和断裂强度均呈下降趋势;电性能测试结果表明TAIC的加入降低了阻燃聚烯烃材料的绝缘性能;DSC测试结果表明TAIC降低了材料的熔融温度、熔点和结晶度等。     

阻燃材料测试与表征方法概述

介绍几种常用的阻燃材料测试方法,包括水平和垂直燃烧法、氧指数法、NBS烟箱法、热分析法、锥形量热仪法,重点介绍了锥形量热仪法及其在阻燃材料研究中的应用。指出将多种测试方法结合使用可以更好地评价材料的阻燃性能。     

聚合物锥形量热法的测试操作与分析

应用锥形量热法测试聚合物阻燃性能,是目前一种必不可少的手段和理论依据,特别是在高分子材料的阻燃研究中,实用价值已越来越多地体现出来。了解锥形量热仪的结构,应用锥形量热法测试聚合物材料的热释放速率、质量损失速率、有效燃烧热、点燃时间、燃烧时间以及比消光面积、生烟速率等参数。对这些测试数据进行对比分析,从而确定材料的阻燃性能。本文综述了锥形量热仪的结构原理、测试操作方法和测试数据的图形分析。     

次磷酸铝/环氧硅树脂阻燃PA6的性能研究

将次磷酸铝(AHP)和环氧硅树脂(ESR)复配后添加到聚酰胺6(PA6)中制备了阻燃PA6材料。通过极限氧指数(LOI)和垂直燃烧(UL 94)测试研究了该阻燃PA6材料的阻燃性能,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了阻燃PA6的残炭形貌,同时还通过拉伸、弯曲和冲击强度测试考察了阻燃PA6的力学性能。结果表明:当AHP用量为24%时,阻燃PA6材料通过了UL 94V-0测试,其LOI值达到25.6%;而以质量比为95:5的复配阻燃剂AHP/ESR对PA6进行阻燃,且阻燃剂用量仅为18%时,阻燃PA6材料通过UL 94V-0测试,其LOI值达到25.8%,这说明AHP与ESR对PA6具有良好的协效阻燃作用。与PA6/AHP复合材料相比,PA6/AHP/ESR复合材料的力学性能有所改善,这说明ESR的加入可提高材料的力学性能。此外,SEM测试结果显示,ESR的加入有助于阻燃PA6材料形成均一、致密的炭层,对下层的材料起到了很好的保护作用,从而提高了材料的阻燃性能。     

SY928系列无机复合阻燃消烟剂改性PVC的性质研究

研究了SY928系列无机复合阻燃消烟剂改性PVC的性质，报道了其阻燃性能，讨论了无机复合阻燃消烟剂的用量，聚氢乙烯制品中增塑剂的含量以及表面改性对阻燃性能测试结果的影响，检测结果表明，阻燃性能已严格于相应国家标准，达到难燃材料B1级。     

焦磷酸哌嗪膨胀阻燃体系阻燃聚丙烯应用研究

以焦磷酸哌嗪作为主要成分,添加聚磷酸三聚氰胺、季戊四醇等组成膨胀阻燃体系(IFR),以不同添加量制备成阻燃聚丙烯试样,并通过垂直燃烧测试及力学性能测试研究了材料的阻燃性能。实验结果表明,焦磷酸哌嗪应用于聚丙烯材料中具有良好的阻燃性能,通过复配组成IFR更能发挥优异的阻燃作用,当IFR添加量仅为18%时,材料在垂直燃烧测试中即可达到V-0级。     

薄膜用阻燃PC的研制

采用PC、阻燃剂、增韧剂等原料，通过双螺杆挤出机进行共混制得阻燃PC改性材料。结果显示：采用复合阻燃体系并配以适宜的增韧剂，可以获得适合挤出薄膜用的，具有足够阻燃性、韧性和机械强度的阻燃PC改性材料。用这种改性PC挤出0．25mm厚的薄膜通过了UL94 V-O级阻燃性能测试。     

大豆蛋白/苎麻复合材料的制备及性能研究

采用化学、填充的方法制备大豆蛋白(SPI)与苎麻(RF)复合材料以改善大豆蛋白塑料的力学性能。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子万能试验机、熔体流动速率仪等实验仪器研究复合材料的形态结构、力学性能和流变性能,并测定了复合材料的吸水率。试验结果表明,添加苎麻纤维对大豆蛋白的增强增韧效果都比较显著,硬度和拉伸强度对比纯大豆蛋白材料有了很大的提高,并且得到了苎麻增强增韧大豆蛋白材料的最佳用量,当苎麻的用量分别为10份时,复合材料的拉伸强度和硬度达到最佳,对复合材料吸水率的测定也较改性前有了很大的改善。     

The performance of sulfonate salt-containing polycarbonate products in flammability testing

Sulfonate salts are commonly employed together with other standard flame retardant (FR) additives to improve FR performance in polycarbonate resins. The structure and loading level of the salt and the synergistic FR additives determine the level of FR performance. The salts show varying levels of FR effetiveness as measured by different flammability test methods. In this paper, two common sulfonate salt additives in Lexan polycarbonate resins are discussed. FR effectiveness measured by UL94, OSU and cone calorimeter flammability testing, physical and mechanical properties, and processability of the thermoplastic products are compared. TGA-IR studies and the ability to predict FR performance are also discussed.     

Improving the flame retardancy of polypropylene foam with piperazine pyrophosphate via multilayering coextrusion of film/foam composites

A series of 16-layer polypropylene/flame retardant (PP/FR) film/foam composite structures were produced by microlayer coextrusion. A highly branched PP was used in the foam layers to increase strain hardening and cell stability, while the PP used in the film layers was a high shear viscosity grade to confine bubble growth. In addition to improved tensile properties, the PP/FR composite film/foams exhibited five times the compression modulus of PP/FR composite foams at each FR loading level. The thermal stabilities of the composites were investigated, exhibiting three step decompositions. The FR particles were effective in decreasing flammability by forming intumescent char. The PP/FR-film/foam-20 showed self-extinguishing behavior in a modified vertical burn test, while the PP/FR-foam-20 sample continued to burn. Cone calorimetry demonstrated that PP/FR film/foams had lower heat release than PP/FR foams due to the unique alternating film/foam structure of PP/FR film/foams. Scanning electron microscopy imaging of the residual chars from fire testing that the PP/FR composite film/foams showed a more continuous protective char surface when compared with PP/FR composite foams at each FR concentration. The combined data indicate that the formation of a surface film on top of a foam ensures a robust intumescent fire protective barrier for partly foamed materials and shows a new way toward lightweight materials with improved fire safety performance. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48552.     

High-Throughput Screening of Fouling-Release Properties: An Overview

Marine biofouling of ship hulls has significant cost, performance and environmental implications. Due to environmental concerns associated with traditional antifouling paints that mitigate fouling with the use of biocides, increasing research and development efforts have been made on fouling-release (FR) coatings. FR coatings do not actively deter settlement of marine organisms, but, instead, mitigate biofouling by minimizing the strength of adhesion. Ideally, an FR coating will allow the fouling community to be removed by simply running the vessel at relatively high speed. Traditional methods for characterizing FR properties involve immersion of relatively large samples in the ocean and waiting months for enough fouling to occur to enable reliable measurements to be made. To greatly enhance research and development relative to FR coatings, a combinatorial/high-throughput workflow was developed that includes a suite of FR laboratory assays involving marine bacteria, microalgae, and live, adult barnacles. The novel high-throughput FR measurement systems have been shown to allow for rapid screening of FR characteristics of miniaturized coating samples arranged in an array format.     

阻燃剂DOPO-FR的合成及阻燃聚氨酯的性能研究

以苯胺、苯甲醛、9,10二氢9氧杂10磷杂菲10氧化物（DOPO）为原料合成了一种新型阻燃剂9,10二氢9氧杂10磷杂菲10氧化物4\[(苯胺)甲基\]苯（DOPO FR）,并与磷酸三乙酯(TEP)、膨胀石墨(EG)复配制备了阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料。采用红外光谱分析仪、核磁共振分析仪对DOPO FR的化学结构进行表征,并利用极限氧指数、热重分析仪等对阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料进行性能分析。结果表明,DOPO FR质量为多元醇的20 %,聚氨酯泡沫材料的极限氧指数就可达24.7 %;DOPO FR的加入提高了聚氨酯泡沫的力学性能和热稳定性;EG、TEP、DOPO FR三者协同阻燃可使聚氨酯泡沫的极限氧指数达到32 %。     

HCHO释放量检测方法和限量值测定综述

HCHO的安全问题已经被社会新闻等的广泛关注,HCHO现已被证实对人类健康十分不利。室内装修材料是日常生活接触HCHO的唯一来源,HCHO残余量是否会对人体产生潜移默化的影响仍存有疑问。国家标准中HCHO释放量检测方法及标准限量一直是存在着争议,通过对不同方法的HCHO分析测试方法汇总,对HCHO的室内检测方法进行对比说明,并且以壁纸为例,通过实验提出新的标准限量值,以供以后标准修制订参考。     

The curing reaction and physical properties of DGEBA/DETA epoxy resin blended with propyl ester phosphazene

The influences of different amounts of propyl ester phosphazene (FR) on the curing kinetics and physical properties of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy prepolymer cured with diethylenetriamine (DETA) were investigated with DSC, SEM, DMA, and tensile testing. The results revealed that FR could be a catalyst or a diluent depending on the FR content. In addition, the blending systems were partially miscible. The tensile strength and modulus of blends decreased with increasing amounts of FR, but the elongation increased with increasing FR. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 229–237, 1999     

Direct adhesion of fluorinated rubbers to nickel-plated steel and nitrile rubber during curing using the tetrabutylammonium salt of 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trithiol

A new curing agent, the tetrabutylammonium salt of 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trithiol (TATT) for fluorinated rubber (FR) has been developed, from the point of view of making composite materials with metals and other rubbers. TATT was inferior in curing rate compared with a conventional polyol curing system, but imparted good properties to FR vulcanizates to the same extent as the polyol curing system. TATT-containing FR compounds easily adhered to electro- and electroless nickel-plated metals during vulcanization without an adhesive. The optimum concentration of TATT was around 1 phr for the peel strength of joints and the mechanical properties of vulcanizates. At a thickness exceeding 0.3 μm, nickel platings were very effective for making FR-Ni joints. In the direct adhesion between FR and nickel platings, interfacial bonds and a reinforcing layer at the interface between vulcanizates and nickel platings during vulcanization were important for obtaining FR-Ni joints of high peel strength. The newly prepared FR-Ni joints had very good heat, oil, and water resistance, compared with conventional FR-Fe joints prepared by using phenol-type adhesives. TATT was also a very effective agent for the direct adhesion between FR and NBR (nitrile butadiene rubber) during vulcanization because it acted as a common curing agent to various rubbers such as FR and NBR. Thus, TATT is a very effective curing agent for making composites of FR with various metals and elastomers.     

Effect of a nanoclay/triphenyl phosphate hybrid system on the fire retardancy of polycarbonate/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene blend

The effect of a hybrid system of nanoclay and triphenyl phosphate (TPP) on the fire retardancy of a polycarbonate (PC)/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) blend was examined in this study. The nanoclay in the polymers decreased the peak heat release rates (PHRRs) with no significant effect on the ease of ignition and times to extinguishment. Improvements in the flame retardancy were observed only when nanoparticles were used with conventional flame‐retardant (FR) additives. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cone calorimetry, and limited oxygen index (LOI)/UL 94 (Underwriters Laboratory) testing were used to investigate the thermal degradation, fire behavior, and flammability of the materials. The results show that when we used a combination of TPP and nanoclay as an FR system, degradation of the polymer blends was reduced as the TGA curves shifted to higher temperatures. PHRR in cone calorimetry testing decreased from 1032 kW/m² for the PC/ABS blend to 300 kW/m² for the PC/ABS/(12% TPP–2% nanoclay) sample, and the LOI increased from 23 to 35%, respectively. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Environmentally Benign Flame Retardant Polyamide-6 Filament for Additive Manufacturing

The engineering applications of thermoplastic 3D printing filaments are currently limited by their inherent flammability, especially in fields such as automotive and aerospace, which require high standards for material safety. Polyamide-6 (PA6) is of particular interest for additive manufacturing but is a very flammable thermoplastic known to spread fires due to its aggressive melt-dripping. A flame retardant (FR) composite filament composed of PA6, ammonium polyphosphate, and aluminum phosphate is shown to be printable under identical conditions to commercially available PA6. Calorimetry measurements reveal that the composite filament generates a 7000% increase in char yield, along with 47% and 31% decreases in peak heat release rate and total heat release, respectively. Additionally, open flame testing demonstrates a significantly reduced capacity for this filament to spread fire to other nearby combustible materials. This unique FR additive system represents an important step toward improving the safety and utility of 3D printed parts.