一种基于能量品位的燃气-蒸汽联合循环热电联产机组热电成本分摊方法

从能量品级的角度对燃气蒸汽联合循环热电联产过程中各种能量的利用价值进行量化分析,提出能量品位量化系数的概念,建立综合能量梯级利用与热电负荷关系的热电成本分摊计算模型,采用Ebsilon软件对热电联产机组进行稳态建模分析评估,对多组热电负荷组合工况采用不同成本分摊方法进行计算和比较,并得到最终的计算结果分析.该模型综合考...     

热电联产中能级比加权热电分摊法

通过对现有热电分摊方法的分析，引入能级的概念，建立了能级比另权热电分摊法数学模型。该方法物理意义明确，计算简便、克服了热量法和实际焓降法的缺点。     

热电联产燃料成本分摊的探讨

该文从热力学原理阐明热电联产，热电燃料(热量)分摊三种方法，并以实例计算表明，采用yong法分摊是科学合理的，符合市场经济规律。建议我国原计划经济时定的热量法分摊改为yong法分摊，供讨论。     

热电联产系统热电分摊方法研究

通过对现有热电分摊法（热量法和实际焓降法）分析,运用能量有效系数的概念,将冷源损失合理分配给双方,该方法克服了热是法和实际焓降法的缺点,计算简便。     

地方热电厂热电燃料比例的分摊办法

热电厂热电燃料的比例,国内没有统一的分摊办法,而在计量、企业自我对比、厂际交流等方面需要此数据。这里介绍苏州等热电厂使用的一种分摊办法,供有关企业在实践中参考。     

确定热电联产中热、电分摊比的折合Yong—Yong法

在热电联中,热电分摊比的合理制定是直接关系到热电厂和热用户双方利益的一种重要的问题。根据在供热过程中起到的作用,引入折合Yong的要领,考虑热电联产机组供热能量中的可能能占机组总可用能的比例,建立折合Yong－Yong法热电分摊比分析模型,并对几种典型的机组的实际运行工况进行了计算,本文提出了折合Yong－Yong法克服了京城 缺陷,物理意义明确,简单适用。     

热电联产系统供热比计算办法的探讨

通过对供热比分析计算来进行合理的热电分摊，克服传统的计算缺点；通过对热量法进行修正，将冷源损失合理地分配给供热、发电，以期正确确定供热、供电价格，调动热电双方的积极性。     

热电联产热_电按质分摊法的热量平衡

在“热电联产热,电按质分摊数学模型的建立及修正方法”的基础上,对热电联产按质分摊法的热量平衡进行了分析,进一步证明了按质分摊法的正确性和合理性。     

热电厂热电分摊实际焓降法的新算法

本文在传统实际焓降法的理论基础之上,结合现代大型热电联产机组的现状,考虑了供热回水对主蒸汽在汽轮机中实际焓降的影响,建立了一种专门针对现代大型再热式热电联产机组的热电分摊方法。通过典型的应用算例,对比了传统实际焓降法和文中新方法的计算结果,得出新方法的成果更具有实际意义,物理意义也明确、合理,更适合现代热电联产机组大型化、综合化的理论需求。     

确定热电联产中热、电分摊比的折合-法

在热电联产中,热电分摊比的合理制定是直接关系到热电厂和热用户双方利益的一个重要的问题.根据睵在供热过程中起到的作用,引入折合皔的概念,考虑热电联产机组供热能量中的可用能占机组总可用能的比例,建立折合皔-皔法热电分摊比分析模型,并对几种典型机组的实际运行工况进行了计算.本文提出折合皔-皔法克服了其他方法存在的缺陷,物理意义明确,简单适用.     

基于改进贪心算法的温差电器件电-热耦合效应研究

温差电器件实际工作时由于内电阻的存在不可避免地会产生焦耳热,传统的温差电研究中虽注意到温差发电过程中的焦耳热现象,但只是在等效计算热功率时消去焦耳热部分,而忽略了焦耳热对温差电器件热、冷端温度分布的影响。针对传统研究的不足,考虑实际应用中的电-热耦合效应,运用理论推导的方法建立了第三类边界条件下的温差发电负载模型,并利用改进贪心算法迭代求解,最后以SP1848-21745型温差发电片为例,通过试验验证了模型与算法的正确性。模型的数值求解与发电片实测结果对比表明,考虑了电-热耦合效应的温差发电负载模型的热电输出值更接近实测值。     

600 MW双机热电联供系统智能优化方法研究

以600 MW双机热电联供系统为研究对象,引入基于灰狼捕食行为模拟的群智能优化算法,针对其繁琐更新机制导致热电负荷分配时效性差的问题,进一步提出改进的灰狼优化算法(GGWO),利用前3等级狼的位置和高斯采样进行种群进化机制更新。通过EBSILON平台开展仿真试验,揭示600 MW双机热电联供系统的热电耦合特性和系统运行特性,并将改进的灰狼优化算法应用于该系统的热电负荷优化分配。结果表明：两台机组电负荷一定时,尽可能增大抽凝机组的抽汽供热量可减小系统总热耗量;通过智能热电负荷运行优化,可有效降低系统总热耗量,提高系统经济效益。     

Development of a temperature-controlled car-seat system utilizing thermoelectric device

A thermoelectric device was used to control the temperature of the car-seat surface: the warm temperature in the summer and cold temperature in the winter. The characteristics of the thermoelectric device for the car-seat were analyzed in relation to the input voltage and output temperature of the device. To install the device inside the car-seat, an air conditioning system was designed, consisting of a fan and duct to regulate the warm side of the thermoelectric device. To analyze and control the temperature of the car-seat system, a mathematical model of the car-seat system is proposed, and a robust control algorithm based on the sliding mode control is applied, respectively. A portable control system implementing the sliding mode control algorithm was developed by using a one-chip microprocessor and power driving system. The good performance of the developed control system for the constructed car-seat system was validated by actual tests. The test results are presented.     

热电联产最大的敌人是自己

本文对几个热电机组的数据进行分析后认为，假如没有达到规定的技术指标，热电联产不能提高能源利用率，也不能降低环境污染，这种现象如普遍存在，将会影响热电联产事业的发展。     

基于Fluent的冷却器腔内流场的数值分析

通过对温差发电系统冷却器的物理模型进行了合理的简化处理后,应用Fluent通用软件,采用SIMPLE算法及标准k-ε湍流模型,对温差发电系统的冷却器内部的流场进行了三维数值分析。比较三种不同结构的冷却器在不同流速下的换热效果,定量结果表明加翅片冷却器在换热方面远优于未加翅片冷却器,在节能应用中有较大潜力。     

Development and applications of solar-based thermoelectric technologies

In this paper a survey of solar-based driven thermoelectric technologies and their applications is presented. Initially, a brief analysis of the environmental problems related to the use of conventional technologies and energy sources is presented and the benefits offered by thermoelectric technologies and renewable energy systems are outlined. The development history of solar-based thermoelectric technologies is introduced together with the discussion of the existing drawbacks of current systems. Typical applications of the solar-driven thermoelectric refrigeration and the solar-driven thermoelectric power generation are presented in order to show to the reader the extent of their applicability. The application areas described in this paper show that solar-driven thermoelectric technologies could be used in a wide variety of fields. They are attractive technologies that not only can serve the needs for refrigeration, air-conditioning applications and power generation, but also can meet demand for energy conservation and environment protection.     

The influence of the Thomson effect on the performance of a thermoelectric cooler

The temperature distribution of a thermoelectric cooler under the influence of the Thomson effect, the Joule heating, the Fourier’s heat conduction, and the radiation and convection heat transfer is derived. The influence of the Thomson effect on the temperature profiles, on the fraction of the Joule’s heat that flows back to the low-temperature side, and consequently on the maximum attainable temperature difference and the maximum allowable heat load are emphasized and explored. The results suggest that the cooling efficiency of a thermoelectric cooler can be improved not only by increasing the figure-of-merit of the thermoelectric materials but also by taking advantage of the Thomson effect. A possible development direction for the thermoelectric materials is thus given.     

Nanostructural thermoelectric materials and their performance

In this review, an attempt was made to introduce the traditional concepts and materials in thermoelectric application and the recent development in searching high-performance thermoelectric materials. Due to the use of nanostructural engineering, thermoelectric materials with a high figure of merit are designed, leading to their blooming application in the energy field. One dimensional nanotubes and nanoribbons, two-dimensional planner structures, nanocomposites, and heterostructures were summarized. In addition, the state-of-the-art theoretical calculation in the prediction of thermoelectric materials was also reviewed, including the molecular dynamics (MD), Boltzmann transport equation, and non-equilibrium Green’s function. The combination of experimental fabrication and first-principles prediction significantly promotes the discovery of new promising candidates in the thermoelectric field.     

Improving the coefficient of performance of thermoelectric cooling systems: a review

This paper reviews research carried out to improve the coefficient of performance of thermoelectric cooling systems during the past decade. This includes development of new materials for thermoelectric modules, optimisation of module design and fabrication, system analysis and heat exchange efficiency. Several conclusions are drawn. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Structural and thermoelectric properties of nanostructured p-SnO thin films grown by e-beam evaporation method

Today, the earnest need for earth-abundant and environmentally friendly thermoelectric materials has revealed the importance of semiconductor metal oxides in order to eliminate the barrier towards their wide-ranging use in industrial applications. In the present work, we demonstrate the synthesis of p-type tin oxide thin films on quartz glass and Si substrates by using electron beam evaporation technique followed by rapid thermal annealing process at 200 °C for 20 min in Ar-atmosphere. Annealing-induced structural, electrical, optical and thermoelectric properties of pristine and annealed SnO thin films are primarily studied. The compositional and structural analysis of SnO films are performed by using X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscope as well as Atomic Force Microscope. Moreover, the mechanism of thermoelectric transportation at different measurement temperatures is deeply inspected via thermoelectric measurements. The Seebeck coefficient, carrier concentration and hole mobility in conjunction with the development of thin film nanostructures are discussed, predominantly. The optimal annealing may tune structural, electro-optic and thermoelectric properties of SnO films for the commercial-level maturity of thermoelectric devices for energy applications.