附加阳光间型被动式太阳房供暖实验研究

通过对青岛地区附加阳光间型太阳房及相同结构的对比房室内温度及室外温度参数的监测,研究了寒冷季节室内温度随室外气象条件变化的情况。通过分析发现,在室内无热源及辅助热源条件下,附加阳光间型太阳房室内平均空气温度比对比房室内平均空气温度高3.8℃,最高温差达7.2℃,最低温差1.1℃。通过对附加阳光间型太阳房供暖节能率ESF分析计算得出其节能率较高的结论,证明了该地区改造被动式太阳房建筑的可行性和经济性。     

某高校气候补偿供暖节能改造分析

为平衡供暖节能与舒适性的矛盾,通过对既有建筑的热负荷变化分析,提取出室外温度作为调节依据,采用气候补偿的方式调节供暖运行,降低系统能源消耗,达到优质供暖,按需供应的目的。针对某高校供暖的实际问题,给出供暖节能方案并进行分析,分析结果证明气候补偿运行模式在供暖节能上有优越性。     

被动式太阳房供暖实验研究

通过对新建被动式太阳房及相同结构的对比房室内温度及室外温度、太阳辐照度等参数的监测,研究了寒冷季节室内温度随室外气象条件以及太阳辐照度的变化情况。通过分析发现,在室内无热源及辅助热源条件下,太阳房室内平均空气温度比对比房室内平均空气温度高7.2℃,最高温差达18.3℃,最低温差0.3℃。通过对太阳房供暖节能率ESF分析计算得出太阳房供暖保证率较高,证明了在此建立被动式太阳房建筑的可行性和经济性。     

集中供热供回水温度与室外温度关系探讨

根据《供热工程》(第四版)和《民用建筑供暖通风与空气调节设计规范》的要求,通过供暖热负荷供热调节的基本公式,对直接供暖热源和间接供暖热源供回水温度同供暖室外温度的关系公式进行详细计算和分析研究,得到锅炉房、热力站运行温度曲线图表及计算公式。并结合当地集中供暖运行温度曲线图表的应用,阐述采暖期按室外温度提供热源供回水温度以达到集中供热节能的意义。北方各地区集中供暖热源的供回水温度是根据采暖期的室外温度来确定的。推导出直接供暖热源和间接供暖热源的供回水温度同供暖室外温度的计算公式。     

热水供暖的水温调节与节能

应根据供暖建筑室外空气的实际温度进行热水供暖的水温调节，既可以稳定室内供暖温度，又利于节能，提高了水温调节的方法和措施。     

西北新农村建筑太阳能主动供暖试验研究

为了降低西北新农村建筑采暖的能耗,改善室内生活环境,通过试验研究了太阳能主动供暖和传统小型燃煤锅炉供暖的西北新农村建筑的室内热环境、空气质量和采暖能耗的差异。研究结果表明:在室外环境最低温度为-16.2℃条件下,太阳能主动供暖建筑室内平均温度和平均辐射温度分别高出对比建筑5.4℃和3.3℃;在天气晴朗情况下,当室外环境的平均温度高于4.2℃且室外环境的最低温度高于-1.6℃时,仅利用太阳能进行供暖即可满足西北新农村建筑的供暖需求;太阳能主动供暖建筑室内CO,NO2,SO2,CO2及可吸入颗粒物PM10的浓度分别是对比建筑的0.45倍、0.48倍、0.56倍、0.59倍和0.5倍;经过分析得到太阳能主动供暖时室内环境温度与散热片内热水温度以及室外环境温度的二元线性关系;太阳能主动供暖的节能率为86.6%。     

山西推广污水供热制冷新技术变污为宝

从污水中提取热能或冷能,为建筑物供热或制冷,这种能变污为宝的污水源热泵节能技术将在山西省全面推广。 污水源热泵技术是将城市污水作为冷热源,根据污水冬季温度高于室外温度、夏季温度低于室外温度的特点,用水源热泵提取污水中的能量,为建筑物提供冬季供暖、夏季供冷并附带提供生活热水。目前这种节能、环保的技术已在沈阳等城市广泛应用。     

供暖气候补偿节能运行模式

通过对既有建筑的热负荷变化分析,提取出室外温度作为调节依据,采用气候补偿的方式调节供暖运行,降低系统能源消耗,平衡供暖节能与舒适性的矛盾,达到按需供应的目的,论证气候补偿运行模式在供暖节能上的优越性。     

办公楼地面及天花铺设隔热材料供暖的节能分析

提出了楼板上、下面(地面、天花)铺设隔热岩棉,可使夜间室温大幅下降的结论。计算了在供暖期平均室外温度及1月份平均室外温度下(北京地区分别为-1.6℃、-4.3℃),围护结构传热系数为3W/(m2.K)的耗热情况。该方法估算节能率达31%~43%。     

室外温度控制的变频调速器在供暖循环泵调节中的应用

针对循环泵在供暖系统运行工作中流量难以控制且浪费电能的问题,通过供暖运行、实验,研究并提出了根据室外温度变化,利用变频调速装置控制循环泵流量的方案,本方案的应用实现了节能降耗的目的,提高了企业经济效益。     

干式结构地板采暖运行模式的实验研究

探讨分析了一种将热盘管置于封闭夹层空间的干式结构的地板采暖方式。实验测试了不同地面盘管间距、不同室外条件和不同供热工况下，采暖开启时的预热阶段、间歇采暖和连续采暖时地板表面和诸壁面温度分布以及室内热环境变化的规律，为在满足室内热环境条件下，提供节能运行的方式。     

室内低温热水地板辐射供暖系统的节能分析

本文阐述了低温热水地板辐射采暖分户热计量系统是一种易控、易调、节能的采暖系统,讨论了地板辐射供暖方式与其他方式在房间内人体热舒适方面的差异,并通过对其综合节能效果的考察,分析了地板辐射供暖系统不稳定供暖过程的数学模型,用数值计算的方法分析了间歇供暖条件下,达到室内要求温度所需的预热量与预热时间的关系。     

Variability of energy use for domestic space heating

The level of reported variability of domestic space heating energy use is extremely high, the coefficient of variation being 20% even for groups of similar houses. In consequence, there is a need for heating systems to work effectively and economically over a wide range of energy use levels and there is also a need for large sample sizes in evaluating field results if the effects of individual factors contributing to the overall variability are to be assessed. For dissimilar houses, samples of 25 or more are necessary for the detection of individual factors and hundreds may be required for their accurate estimation.The effect on energy use of night temperature set-back is shown theoretically to be equivalent to a 2$\text{1}\text{2}$% energy saving per degree Kelvin temperature depression. The effects of more intermittent heating system operation are provisionally estimated, a 50% energy saving being estimated for a 6-h period of daily use at the required temperature. Effects of choice of internal temperature and ventilation rate on energy use are assessed.The energy savings made by such personal control strategies can be nullified by equipment deficiencies. The magnitudes of the effects of three such deficiencies (pipe or duct losses, unresponsive emitter control and upstairs overheating in mild weather) are estimated as each adding around 20% to the heating energy use of a typical house.The combined effects of energy saving strategies and equipment deficiencies make possible annual energy use figures from half to one-and-a-half times the designed level. The implications of this variability for heating system design are discussed.     

低温热水地板辐射供暖间歇运行研究

建立了低温热水地板辐射供暖系统间歇运行时室内热环境数学模型，利用模型计算了不同运行方式、内围护结构和内热源作用下室内热环境变化规律。发现此类供暖系统采用适当间歇运行即可满足室内热环境要求，运行时间主要受室外温度和内热源变化规律影响。当系统按冬季室外供暖计算温度设计时，在冬季室外平均条件下，系统夜间运行半天左右即可基本保证全天室内热环境要求。     

空气源热泵热水器在寒冷地区冬季的能效分析

对一台家用空气源热泵热水器进行冬季性能测试,研究室外空气温度、水箱温度不同时机组性能变化。基于测试数据分析影响机组性能的敏感因素,依据所得天津地区实测数据分析其冬季平均能效。结果表明：COP最低为1.30,具有节能效果;保证用水舒适度及机组运行稳定的情况下,45 ℃为水箱最佳设定温度;室外空气温度偏移较水箱平均温度偏移对系统性能更敏感;测试工况下热泵机组单独工作和启动电辅加热时全冬季的平均能效相差甚微,若用户设定机组在日最高温度时段开启加热,能获得更好的节能效果。     

变容量家庭能源中心单独制热水模式的实验研究

提出了可全年供应空调和热水需要的变容量家庭能源中心系统,并提出单独制热水模式下的性能系数计算方法。通过对该模式瞬时动态特性的研究,指出变容量压缩机可以有效地保证机组的安全可靠运行。实验研究了单独制热水模式在不同环境温度、不同压缩机负荷条件下的性能。结果表明,在同一压缩机负荷条件下,热水性能系数均随环境温度的升高而升高,与传统热泵热水器的变化趋势相同。而压缩机负荷变化对机组热水性能系数的影响在不同的环境温度下呈现不同的规律,因此,可根据不同的环境温度优化控制压缩机负荷,以提高制热水效率,节约能源。     

转轮复合式空调系统的数值计算及能耗分析

主要研究了以太阳能作为再生热源的转轮除湿和蒸气压缩制冷相结合及转轮除湿、蒸气压缩和蒸发冷却相结合的2种复合式空调系统,同时对电能作为再生热源的上述空调系统进行研究,建立了系统的物理模型,并对系统性能参数进行数学描述。通过与相同条件下常规蒸气压缩空调系统的比较分析,得出复合式空调系统制冷剂质量流量分别减少50.20％和66.67％；压缩系统性能系数COP分别提高了26.49％和32.16％；压缩机能耗分别节省了62.64％和76.92％。电能作为再生热源时,总负荷能耗分别节省了32.68％和42.00％；当采用太阳能作为再生热源时,总负荷能耗节省更多的能量,分别为61.86％和71.16％(认为1kW电能等价于3kW热能)。研究还发现,室内相对湿度相同,随室内设计温度的提高,复合式系统压缩机能耗明显减少,节能率呈上升趋势；相反总负荷能耗的节能率呈下降趋势。干热气候条件下,系统节能较为明显：71.75％和85.96％(电能再生)。热湿气候条件下,系统节能不明显,甚至消耗更多能量,而采用太阳能时,复合式系统均具有明显节能效果。     

Temperature distribution and performance of ground-coupled multi-heat pump systems for a greenhouse

The primary objective of a greenhouse is to produce good plant-growth conditions such as temperature and humidity. One of the hot issues for the greenhouse is to provide an appropriate heating system which can achieve favorable temperature condition and save energy. In this study, the performance of a ground-coupled multi-heat pump system for the greenhouse heating was investigated. The ground-coupled multi-heat pump system was composed of GLHX (ground loop heat exchanger) and multi-heat pump unit which had one outdoor unit and two or more indoor units. The temperature distribution within the greenhouse using the ground-coupled multi-heat pump system was represented relatively uniform comparing to when the conventional heating system and GCHP system were adopted, because the capacity of each indoor unit could be changed linearly according to the variation of load. The temperature difference between the maximum and minimum temperatures and the standard deviation of inside temperature for the greenhouse were 2.1 °C and 1.2 °C, respectively. It is necessary to develop the multi-heat pump unit which can be operated with high performance at relatively low temperature setting conditions. The system COP of the ground-coupled multi-heat pump unit decreased greatly at part load condition due to relatively high power consumption of the ground circulation pump. Therefore, it is suggested that a control algorithm of the ground circulation flow rate has to be developed to maximize energy saving by applying the ground-coupled multi-heat pump system to the greenhouse.     

Evaluation and optimization of water source heat pump for district heating: A case study in steel plant

Using high-temperature heat pump technology to recover waste heat of circulating cooling water in a steel plant for central heating system not can only reduce the temperature of circulating cooling water to meet the needs of smelting process but also can save energy and protect environment as well as bring great economic benefits to steel plant that can sell heat to the heat users. The energy consumption equation of heat pump central heating system was established based on the energy consumption of heat pump, energy consumption of water pump, and heat loss. The optimal inlet water temperature, inlet flow rate, and the number of operating heat pump modules at different outdoor temperatures were calculated by genetic algorithm. The superiority and operating control strategy of heat pump central heating system were discussed. The results show that with the increase of outdoor temperature, the optimal inlet flow rate and the number of operating heat pump module decrease. However, the inlet water temperature almost does not change. It is more suitable for the heat pump central heating system to change the inlet flow and the number of operating heat pump modules. The operating control strategy equation was established by linear fitting, which provides guidance for the engineering application of heat pump central heating system.     

双热源热泵系统模拟研究

基于太阳能热泵和地下水源热泵的优缺点,本文提出了双热源热泵系统。对该系统的各种不同运行工况进行了分析研究,并针对天津地区进行了模拟计算。结果表明：与地下水源热泵相比,在制热量和COP大致相当的情况下,节水量可以达到70％。