滑片式天然气压缩机在海洋石油平台上的应用研究

在海洋石油平台上,往复式压缩机是最广泛应用的压缩机形式.文中对某海洋平台上的天然气压缩机选型的方案进行研究,综合考虑气体组分性质、进排气压力及温度、排气量、机组运行可靠性、维修的简易及经济性、平台的空间限制等,确定采用滑片式压缩机.与传统的往复式压缩机相比,滑片式压缩机可广泛地运用于低进气压力的工况,并以其维修简单、占地面积小的优点在海上平台上有较好的应用前景.     

CO_2热泵干燥的运行工况分析

在对CO2跨临界循环进行热力学研究的基础上,运用EES软件对CO2热泵干燥系统进行仿真模拟。结果表明:随着蒸发温度的上升,系统的COP和SMER上升,但压缩机排气温度下降;随着压缩机排气压力的上升,系统的COP和SMER下降,压缩机排气温度上升。因此,为了保证热泵干燥系统正常工作,应当保证系统运行参数维持在以下范围内:蒸发温度存在一个上限,而且在满足干燥过程正常运行所需要的压缩机排气温度前提下,应当尽量降低压缩机的排气压力。     

转子式压缩机吸气带液时排气状态的变化

滚动转子式压缩机具有较好的抗湿压缩性能,利用少量吸气带液可有效降低压缩机排气温度,且不造成额外的系统成本.对滚动转子式压缩机少量吸气带液时,排气温度、排气比焓的变化趋势进行了实验研究,并对压缩机功耗、吸气比焓和机壳散热量等三个排气比焓的影响因子进行了分析.结果表明:少量吸气带液能有效降低排气温度,且压缩机运行性能良好;当吸气干度x为0.9x1.0时,三个影响因子均趋向定值,且机壳散热所占比例很小(低于1%).     

采用喷水降温螺杆压缩机的水蒸气热泵性能研究

为拓宽水蒸气热泵在余热回收中的工作温区,降低水蒸气压缩机的排气温度,对采用喷水降温螺杆压缩机的水蒸气热泵系统及其主要部件建立热力学模型,研究了螺杆压缩机喷水温度,及最佳喷水温度下蒸发温度、冷凝温度对系统性能的影响。结果表明:喷水可以有效降低压缩机排气温度,喷水温度在73～87℃之间可保证压缩机运行在报警温度之下;压缩机耗功和冷凝器放热量随喷水温度的升高先增加后降低,在喷水温度为80℃时系统性能系数(EER)最佳;最佳喷水温度下,蒸发温度提高,蒸发器吸热量、压缩机耗功、冷凝器放热量及EER增大,压缩机压比降低;冷凝温度提高,压缩机耗功、压比增大,冷凝器放热量和EER降低。     

二氧化碳汽车空调压缩机的热力性能模拟

二氧化碳汽车空调系统中压缩机是主要的耗能部件,对压缩机热力参数准确计算有利于其优化改进,通过建立二氧化碳汽车空调制冷压缩机稳态模型,对二氧化碳质量流量、压缩机输入功率和压缩机排气温度进行了仿真计算,在美国汽车空调协会制定的3个标准工况下,采用意大利Dorin生产的CD180H型单极定频活塞式二氧化碳压缩机进行实验研究,稳态模型对压缩机的性能预测和压缩机实验情况下对比分析表明:二氧化碳质量流量、压缩机输入功率和压缩机排气温度均随着压比增加而增加,二氧化碳流量和压缩机输入功率仿真值和实验值的绝对误差分别在7.3%和8.7%以内,排气温度仿真值和压缩机实验值的绝对误差在14.2%以内,模型预测值和实验值吻合较好,可以满足工程项目计算需要。     

一种新型太阳能辅助高温热泵系统性能分析

为降低压缩机排气温度、优化热泵系统性能,设计了 一种利用太阳能集热器加热压缩机排气,利用蒸气显热制取高温热水的新型太阳能辅助热泵系统.结合天津地区的辐射日照条件对新型太阳能辅助热泵系统进行了可行性和热力性能分析,并将其与直膨式太阳能辅助热泵系统的性能进行对比.结果表明:该系统通过提高蒸发温度,可以降低制冷压缩机排气温度...     

CO2跨临界冷热联供循环性能分析

以CO2跨临界循环冷热联供系统为研究对象,通过理论计算分析了传热窄点温差约束下系统供热温度、供冷温度、制热系数（COPh）和制冷系数（COPc）随压缩机排气压强、气体冷却器出口工质温度和蒸发温度的变化规律。结果表明：供热温度随压缩机排气压强和气体冷却器出口工质温度的提高而升高,随蒸发温度的提高而降低;供冷温度只随蒸发温度变化;COPh和COPc随气体冷却器出口工质温度的提高而减小,随蒸发温度的提高而增大;当气体冷却器出口工质温度为30~40 ℃时,随压缩机排气压强的增大,COP减小,当气体冷却器出口工质温度为45 ℃时,COP先增大后减小;在考察工况下,当蒸发温度为-25 ℃、气体冷却器出口温度为45 ℃时,循环系统在压缩机排气压强为14 MPa可以达到最大供热温度120.65 ℃、最低供冷温度-15 ℃,此时系统COP为2.94。     

电子膨胀阀对变频压缩机排气温度控制的实验研究

排气温度的有效控制对压缩机长期正常工作有重要影响。传统的办法是采用喷液冷却,但其装置复杂、控制难度大;而以过热度和排气温度作为电子膨胀阀——干式蒸发器调节回路的双反馈信号,弥补了仅仅以过热度作为反馈信号的不足,能够同时实现对蒸发器效率、压缩机吸/排气安全的综合控制,使得制冷系统简单、易用。     

基于R410a的冷冻系统制冷性能实验研究

针对常规的冷库冷冻系统存在压缩机排气温度高、制冷性能低等问题，搭建了一套基于R134a准双级转子式压缩的微通道换热器型冷冻系统。通过改变库外温度，研究不同温度下补气工况以及不补气工况对冷冻系统性能的影响。结果显示：随着库外环境温度的升高，压缩机功率和排气温度均升高，制冷量和系统COP均下降。采用中压补气技术后，与不补气工况相比，排气温度降低32.50%～37.56%，制冷量上升17.66%～37.06%，压缩机功率提高12.31%～32.23%，系统COP升高1.12%～4.74%。     

中压补气技术应用于客车用空调器的实验研究

针对客车用空调器在最大负荷制冷工况下压缩比大、排气温度高、系统能效降低、压缩机因过热保护频繁停机等突出问题,提出了采用带经济器的中压补气技术,并对系统循环过程进行理论分析,测试了中压补气技术对电动客车空调在最大负荷制冷工况下的性能影响。结果表明:与不补气的制冷系统相比,采用带经济器的中压补气技术显著降低了压缩机的排气温度,使系统安全可靠运行,尤其是转速高达5 000 r/min时,不补气排气温度已超过120.0℃,而此时中压补气排气温度却不高于100.0℃;采用中压补气技术提升了系统制冷量和能效比,且随着压缩机转速的提高,其优势更加明显,当压缩机转速由2 000提高到4 000 r/min时,其系统制冷量提高幅度为12.8%～20.1%,系统能效比提高幅度为7.3%～14.3%。     

An open reversed Brayton cycle with regeneration using moist air for deep freeze cooled by circulating water

This paper presents an open reversed Brayton cycle with regeneration using moist air for deep freeze cooled by circulating water, and proves its feasibility through performance simulation. Pinch technology is used to analyze the cooling of the wet air after compressor and the water used for cooling wet air after compressor. Its refrigeration depends mainly on the sensible heat of air and the latent heat of water vapor, its performance is more efficient than a conventional air-cycle, and the utilization of turbo-machinery makes it possible. The adoption of this cycle will make deep freeze easily and reduce initial cost because very low temperature, about ?55 °C, air is obtained. The sensitivity analysis of coefficient of performance to the efficiency of compressor and the efficiency of compressor, and the results of the cycle are also given. The simulation results show that the COP of this system depends on the temperature before turbine, the efficiency of compressor and the efficiency of compressor, and varies with the wet bulb temperature of the outdoor air. Humid air is a perfect working fluid for deep freeze with no cost to the user.     

供暖用CO2空气源热泵变频运行性能研究

采用压缩机变频、设置回热器与气液分离器辅助加热等技术途径,设计与构建一种供暖用CO2空气源热泵系统。在此基础上,建立响应面模型对供暖用CO2空气源热泵的压缩机运行频率进行优化,以提高供暖用CO2空气源热泵的低温性能。响应曲面法分析结果表明,低温环境下压缩机合理升频运行可有效提高供暖用CO2空气源热泵制热量,虽压缩比增大,但仍能保证压缩机稳定运行。为提高供暖用CO2空气源热泵的性能系数(COP),在低温环境下压缩机可分段变频运行。当环境温度依次为-5、-10及-15℃时,COP最大时对应的压缩机运行频率分别为55、58及60 Hz。     

蜗壳冷却对增压器压气机性能的影响分析

本文采用ANSYS-CFX对压气机进行三维流动数值模拟,获得了采用蜗壳冷却技术和不采用冷却技术两种情况下的压力和温度的三维流场分布情况,分析了蜗壳冷却技术对压气机流场的影响。结果表明,模拟计算结果与原机试验所测得的结果基本吻合,采用蜗壳冷却技术可以降低压气机出口空气的温度,增大出口空气的压力,进而提高增压器的充气密度,改善了增压器的性能,并为压气机蜗壳冷却技术的优化和改进提供参考。     

柴油机用空压泵的性能改善

介绍了中型以上货车或客车用空压泵现状、存在的常见问题及其原因分析;通过我司的一个实例和相关的试验和测试方法分别研究了提高压缩比、增大排气量对柴油机用空压泵性能的改善情况:缩短充气时间,控制排气温度,减少窜油量的影响和作用,并通过试验数据对比了两种方案;同时为整车用户提出了一些应对建议;最后阐述了结论。     

Analysis of parameters affecting the performance of gas turbines and combined cycle plants with vapor absorption inlet air cooling

The integration of an aqua‐ammonia inlet air‐cooling scheme to a cooled gas turbine‐based combined cycle has been analyzed. The heat energy of the exhaust gas prior to the exit of the heat recovery steam generator has been chosen to power the inlet air‐cooling system. Dual pressure reheat heat recovery steam generator is chosen as the combined cycle configuration. Air film cooling has been adopted as the cooling technique for gas turbine blades. A parametric study of the effect of compressor–pressure ratio, compressor inlet temperature, turbine inlet temperature, ambient relative humidity, and ambient temperature on performance parameters of plants has been carried out. It has been observed that vapor absorption inlet air cooling improves the efficiency of gas turbine by upto 7.48% and specific work by more than 18%, respectively. However, on the adoption of this scheme for combined cycles, the plant efficiency has been observed to be adversely affected, although the addition of absorption inlet air cooling results in an increase in plant output by more than 7%. The optimum value of compressor inlet temperature for maximum specific work output has been observed to be 25 °C for the chosen set of conditions. Further reduction of compressor inlet temperature below this optimum value has been observed to adversely affect plant efficiency. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

燃气轮机进气喷水减温技术经济分析及滴径计算

夏季环境温度比较高，燃气轮机的出力和热效率都会受到影响，对压气机喷水减温方法和喷水滴径进行了分析和计算，计算结果表明：温度越高，湿度越小，燃气轮机的输出功率和热效率提高得越多，燃油消耗率也降低得越多，喷水减温的效果越好，此外，高的压比和高的透平进气温度提高了喷水减温效果。     

Thermo‐economic Optimization of Gas Turbine Power Plant with Details in Intercooler

In this paper a gas turbine power plant with intercooler is modeled and optimized. The intercooler is modeled in details using the ε ? NTU method. Air compressor pressure ratio, compressor isentropic efficiency, gas turbine isentropic efficiency, turbine inlet temperature, cooling capacity of the absorption chiller, recuperator effectiveness as well as eight parameters for configuration of the intercooler are selected as design variables. Multi‐objective genetic algorithm is applied to optimize the total cost rate and total cycle efficiency simultaneously. Two plants including an intercooler and with/without air preheater are studied separately. It is observed that the air compressor pressure ratio in the HP compressor is higher than the LP compressor in both cases and its differences are higher for a plant without an air preheater. Actually the air compressor pressure ratio is found to be about 8.5% lower than the ideal value and 9.5% higher than the ideal value in the LP compressor and HP compressor, respectively, in the case with an air preheater. Moreover, a correlation for intercooler pressure drop in terms of its effectiveness was derived in the optimum situation for each case. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 42(8): 704–723, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj ). DOI 10.1002/htj.21051     

直流变频空气源热泵热水器的实验研究

针对普通定频空气源热泵热水器不能在宽负荷和宽温度条件下运行等缺陷,提出一种直流变频空气源热泵热水器。通过对样机进行实验,得出了制热量、功率、COP值、吸气温度、排气温度等性能参数随压缩机运行频率的变化规律。结果表明直流变频热泵热水器能在宽负荷、宽温度条件下稳定运行。     

Improvement of part-load performance of gas turbine by adjusting compressor inlet air temperature and IGV opening

A novel adjusting method for improving gas turbine (GT) efficiency and surge margin (SM) under part-load conditions is proposed. This method adopts the inlet air heating technology, which uses the waste heat of low-grade heat source and the inlet guide vane (IGV) opening adjustment. Moreover, the regulation rules of the compressor inlet air temperature and the IGV opening are studied comprehensively to optimize GT performance. A model and calculation method for an equilibrium running line is adopted based on the characteristic curves of the compressor and turbine. The equilibrium running lines calculated through the calculation method involve three part-load conditions and three IGV openings with different inlet air temperatures. The results show that there is an optimal matching relationship between IGV opening and inlet air temperature. For the best GT performance of a given load, the IGV could be adjusted according to inlet air temperature. In addition, inlet air heating has a considerable potential for the improvement of part-load performance of GT due to the increase in compressor efficiency, combustion efficiency, and turbine efficiency as well as turbine inlet temperature, when inlet air temperature is lower than the optimal value with different IGV openings. Further, when the IGV is in a full opening state and an optimal inlet air temperature is achieved by using the inlet air heating technology, GT efficiency and SM can be obviously higher than other IGV openings. The IGV can be left unadjusted, even when the load is as low as 50%. These findings indicate that inlet air heating has a great potential to replace the IGV to regulate load because GT efficiency and SM can be remarkably improved, which is different from the traditional viewpoints.     

超声波管道防垢器在空气压缩机级间冷却器中的应用

介绍了TA6000离心式空气压缩机的工况。经分析,该空气压缩机出现二、三级气体入口温度升高而导致联锁停车的原因是循环冷却水水质较硬,致使冷却管壁结垢,降低了级间冷却器的冷却效果。针对这种情况,在压缩机循环冷却水入口处安装TC-2-20型高温高声强超声波管道防垢器,进行在线防垢除垢,达到了较好的防垢除垢效果,安装前,压缩机级间冷却器1a清洗2～3次,安装后h只需清洗1次;同时还起到了一定的强化换热作用,安装后,压缩机二、三级气体入口温度平均下降了2～3℃。