郑州地区太阳辐射变化规律及分析

利用有关资料,分析了郑州地区太阳辐射能的年、月、日变化。分析表明:全年太阳能资源较为丰富且相对稳定,冬季太阳能资源利用潜力很大,应当合理利用直射、散射以及南向的太阳辐射;通过对太阳总辐射频数分布情况的分析得知:郑州地区超过100 W/m2的太阳总辐射占到年太阳总辐射的79%。     

拉萨地区太阳能资源变化特征分析及评估

利用线性回归分析法、10年滑动平均法和Mann-Kendall检验法,分析了拉萨地区太阳总辐射量和日照时数变化特征。拉萨地区太阳总辐射量呈现显著的下降趋势,一年中太阳总辐射量的分布呈现单峰型,5月最高,12月最低;年日照时数呈现微弱的下降趋势,各月日照时数差异不大,全年日照时数呈双峰型,10月日照时数最大,8月日照时数最小。对拉萨地区太阳能资源的分析和评估结果表明:拉萨地区多年平均年太阳总辐射量为7 473.3 MJ/m2,属于太阳能资源最丰富区;太阳能资源稳定程度指标为1.89,稳定程度高,且直接辐射占主导,有利于进行太阳能资源的开发利用。     

如何将水平面上太阳总辐射转换成倾斜面上太阳总辐射

如何将水平面上太阳总辐射转换成倾斜面上太阳总辐射庄肃在太阳能利用中，为了使太阳能装置收集到更多的太阳辐射能，我们常将其倾斜安装，故需要计算到达倾斜面上的太阳总辐射能量。一般气象台站都有水平面上的太阳总辐射的观测资料，所以需将水平面上的太阳总辐射转换成...     

日太阳总辐射月均值的估算

通过对中国8个典型城市日太阳总辐射实际观测月均值的分析,得到了较为近似的日太阳总辐射月均值模型,并用该模型对郑州地区的数据进行了预测,预测值与实测值吻合良好,表明该模型具有很好的通用性,为中国太阳能的利用提供了科学依据.     

江西省太阳能资源评估研究

根据南昌和赣州市1961～2008年各月总辐射和日照百分率观测数据,利用气候学方法,计算出日照百分率和太阳总辐射的关系系数,推算出江西省各地月、季和年太阳总辐射;江西省全省年太阳总辐射量为3700～4600MJ/m2,从时间分布上看江西省年内太阳总辐射在7、8月达到最大值,1、2月为最小值,从空间分布上来看,太阳总辐射的分布存在两个高值区,一是赣北北部,二是赣东南,低值区在赣西井冈山山区;利用各月的日照时数大于6h天数的最大值与最小值的比值计算江西省太阳能资源的稳定度,从年平均状况来看,江西省大部分地区属于较稳定地区,从季节平均上看,春季、冬季江西大部分属于较稳定区,出现部分不稳定区域;夏季、秋季江西大部分地区属于很稳定区域,而夏、秋季为江西太阳能资源最为丰富的两个季节,有利于江西省太阳能资源的开发。     

被动式(采暖)太阳房基础知识讲座

第二讲:太阳辐射能及相关气象条件一、我国的太阳辐射资源我国是太阳辐射资源比较丰富的国家。按照全国太阳能资源的第一级区划指标——太阳能资源的年总量,占我国国土三分之二以上的地区都计划归为资源丰富带——年辐射总量≥150千卡/cm~2·年(628kJ/cm~2·年)和资源较富带——年辐射总量120～150千卡/cm~2·年(520～628kJ/cm~2·年)。青藏高原及北纬35°以北地区日照时数≥6小时的年总天数均大于     

西部地区居住建筑太阳能采暖利用辐射分区

为区分西部地区居住建筑太阳能采暖的辐射资源差异,针对不同辐射资源强度的太阳能采暖设计开展太阳辐射分区研究。提出以光热采暖度日数辐射比、光电采暖度日数辐射比作为太阳辐射分区指标。为计算南向立面辐射量、光伏板在最佳倾角下接收到的辐射量,通过对比3种太阳辐射模型选择适宜西部地区使用的模型。选择西部地区12个省(自治区、直辖市)的46座城市作为分区数据源,采用聚类分析得到4个居住建筑太阳能采暖辐射区域,并对各区域的太阳能建筑采暖利用潜力进行分析。     

竖直面上太阳辐射的模拟计算研究

以内蒙古呼和浩特、锡林浩特和阿拉善盟3个地区太阳辐照气象参数为基础,选用Klein模型作为竖直面的辐射计算模型,利用Matlab仿真软件对这3个地区-90~90°太阳方位角内竖直面单位面积所接收到太阳辐照量进行模拟计算。研究结果表明:对于内蒙古各地区,太阳能建筑最佳朝向的太阳方位角为-15~15°,在此太阳方位角范围内竖直面上的太阳辐照量较大;内蒙古各地区太阳能利用的最佳时段为冬季和春季,秋季次之,夏季竖直面上的太阳辐照量最小;内蒙古各地区年总太阳辐照量均为4 604 MJ/m2以上,部分地区年总太阳辐照量最高可达5 515 MJ/m2,整体上属于太阳能资源较丰富区,太阳能资源可开发利用的潜能较大。     

热带岛礁太阳能资源的应用潜力分析

从太阳高度角、总辐射、平均气温、降水量4个方面对对南海南北中海口、三亚、南沙3个主要区块岛礁太阳能资源分布特征进行综合评价,结果表明,南沙、三亚和海口年均太阳辐射量分别为5734、6140和5177 MJ/m~2,太阳辐射强度大,平均气温高,分布均匀稳定,降水量虽多,却处于日辐射量大的夏、秋两季,具有充足的太阳能辐射可以利用。     

华北平原北部太阳辐射及地表辐射平衡特征——基于河北固城站的试验观测研究

利用位于河北定兴县的中国气象局固城生态与农业试验站2005年7月～2007年2月期间观测的太阳辐射各分量的资料,详细分析了该站太阳辐射及地表反射的基本特征.分别对到达地表的太阳总辐射、地面反射短波辐射、地表反射率、净辐射、光合有效辐射和紫外辐射(UV-B)的日、年变化特征进行了分析,揭示了该地区的辐射平衡特征.同时分析并给出了光合有效辐射和紫外UV-B辐射占太阳总辐射比值的变化规律.     

Analysis of terrestrial solar radiation exergy

Based on Candau’s definition of radiative exergy, the exergy of the extraterrestrial and the terrestrial solar radiation are computed and compared by using the solar spectral radiation databank developed by Gueymard. The results show that within the spectrum region from 0.28 to 4.0 μm, the total energy quality factor (i.e., the exergy-to-energy ratio) of extraterrestrial solar radiation is about 0.9292, and that of the global terrestrial solar radiation is about 0.9171 under US standard atmosphere condition and zero solar zenith angle. The terrestrial solar spectral radiation exergy flux is large in the near ultraviolet and the visible light region. The reference radiation exergy spectra are obtained under atmospheric conditions consistent with ASTM standard G173-03. The effect of tilt angle on the terrestrial solar radiative exergy for inclined surface, and the effect of air mass on total energy quality factor of the terrestrial solar radiation for horizontal surface are analyzed. With the increase of tilt angle, the terrestrial solar spectral radiation exergy flux initially increases and then decreases, the total energy quality factor of the diffuse part decreases monotonically, while that of the direct part is invariant. The total energy quality factor of the direct, the diffuse and the global terrestrial solar radiation all decrease with the increase of air mass.     

上海地区太阳能资源评估与散射辐射推算方法研究

准确评估上海地区的太阳能资源状况对于当地太阳能资源的开发利用有重要意义。根据中国气象局提供的上海地区多年太阳辐射观测数据,评估当地太阳能资源,结果表明上海地区光伏资源丰富、稳定度较高,适合建设光伏电站。为满足缺乏直接辐射和散射辐射数据的地区推算总辐射中直、散分量的需要,结合2001~2010年上海地区经过严格质量控制的总、直、散观测样本序列,针对三种经典"直散分离"模型,通过拟合散射比Hd/H与清晰度指数Kt的函数关系,修正得到适合上海市及周边地区的散射辐射量推算方法,并利用2011年的实测数据对该方法进行独立样本预报验证,其平均百分比误差小于5%,可为光伏发电系统设计、功率预报提供指导和借鉴。     

华南区域太阳总辐射的时空变化特征

利用1961～2008年华南区域5个辐射观测站逐月太阳总辐射资料和110个气象观测站逐月日照百分率资料,计算华南区域各地逐月、逐年太阳总辐射量,分析了太阳总辐射的时空变化特征。结果表明:华南区域年太阳总辐射的地域分布特点是南部多于北部,河谷、平原多于山区。1961～2008年华南区域太阳总辐射总体呈现显著减少趋势,太阳总辐射阶段性变化特征较明显,在20世纪60年代至90年代中期呈波动式下降,90年代后期以来又有所回升。     

Effective solar radiation based benefit and cost analyses for solar water heater development in Taiwan

To reduce greenhouse gases emissions, promoting solar water heaters (SWHs) has become an essential national policy in Taiwan. To implement this policy effectively, the applicability of SWHs in different regions must be analyzed. Previous studies generally performed SWH benefit-cost analyses based on total annual solar radiation; however, this method may overestimate energy production benefits because, for an SWH, the solar energy captured today cannot be preserved. Therefore, this study proposes the concept of effective solar radiation (ESR), which is based on potential heat output estimated using tap water temperature and solar radiation in each region. The benefits of SWHs are then assessed based on the number of effective days and ESR, instead of using total annual solar radiation. A procedure is established to evaluate the applicability of SWHs in each region based on proposed benefit-cost analyses. Possible outcomes of a national SWH program are estimated. The sensitivities of essential factors, including collector efficiency, installation cost, and discount rate, are also analyzed. Analytical results show that the ratios of ESR to total annual solar radiation for regions in Taiwan are about 82-89%. The payback periods vary at 6-15 years for different regions and heater types being replaced. The national program is expected to reduce greenhouse gases emissions by approximately 150,000 tons eCO₂ annually.     

Measurement of meteorological data based on wireless data acquisition system monitoring

Estimation of solar energy potential of a region requires detailed solar radiation climatology, and it is necessary to collect extensive radiation data of high accuracy covering all climatic zones of the region. In this regard, a wireless data acquisition system (WDAS) would help to estimate solar energy potential considering the remote region’s energy requirement. This article explains the design and implementation of WDAS for assessment of solar energy. The proposed system consists of a set of sensors for measuring meteorological parameters. The collected data are first conditioned using precision electronic circuits and then interfaced to a PC using RS232 connection via wireless unit. The LabVIEW program is used to further process, display and store the collected data in the PC disk. The proposed architecture permits the rapid system development and has the advantage of flexibility and it can be easily extended for controlling the renewable energy systems like photovoltaic system. The WDAS with executive information systems and reporting tools helps to tap vast data resources and deliver information.     

Prospects of solar hydrogen production in the Adrar region

The region of Adrar, is one of the most remote and the most deprived regions in Algeria. The development of this region requires the exploitation of its natural resources more particularly of its solar and wind energy resources. However, the exploitation in an effective and viable way of these huge natural resources requires the conversion of these sources of energy into an energy vector that is versatile in its use, storable, transportable and ecologically acceptable. Solar hydrogen seems to be the best candidate today.In the present work, the meteorological and radiometric data of the region are examined. A system of PV–electrolyzer system of solar hydrogen production is proposed. An estimate of the solar hydrogen potential and its production cost are carried out. Finally, the results are discussed.     

Typical solar radiation year for southeastern Anatolia

The typical solar radiation year for seven provinces located in the southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey is generated from daily global solar radiation measured at least for 14 years, using the Finkelstein–Schafer statistical method. The typical data of the daily global solar radiation for the locations considered are presented throughout a year in a tabular form. The data obtained are also analyzed. It is expected that the presented typical data for southeastern Anatolia region, which has the highest solar energy potential in Turkey, will be useful to the designers of solar energy systems.     

基于CERES数据分析中国云对地表太阳辐射影响特征

用于地面光伏发电的太阳辐射资源受到云影响所产生的变化,由于受到观测方式限制而对其特征及关联性探究不足。针对该问题,利用CERES卫星观测时空数据,对2001—2018年中国大陆地区云对地表太阳辐射量影响特征进行分析,利用不同高度云量与云太阳辐射强迫时空分布特点,讨论云影响的太阳辐射差异对光伏出力预计影响,并通过各高度云量趋势变化与云太阳辐射强迫关联关系给出相应太阳辐射资源与光伏出力的趋势变化估计,分析云主导的太阳辐射趋势变化成因,以期为未来新能源资源评估、光伏建设规划和电力优化调度等提供支撑与参考。     

Solar box cookers: Towards a decentralized sustainable energy strategy for sub-Saharan Africa

The continued economic decline of sub-Saharan Africa, and the African energy crisis in particular, have received considerable attention in recent literature. Little attention, however, has been given to the assessment of solar power as an environmentally sound and economically viable energy strategy. Considering the increasing fuelwood scarcity and debt incurred through petroleum imports, solar energy provides a welcome alternative to traditional biomass and fossil fuel energy sources. Research and development in solar energy has concentrated primarily on highly technical, capital intensive applications, leaving possibilities for small scale utilizations unexplored. This paper argues for small scale, decentralized development of solar power as a sustainable household fuel source for sub-Saharan Africa. Domestic cooking constitutes more than 60% of total energy use in the region and consumes scarce time, labor, income, and natural resources. Thus, the appropriate management of fuel and energy resources in the residential sector is crucial for significant development. This paper examines the economic viability of solar box cookers (SBCs), their costs and benefits both on the household and community levels, and how they may contribute to economic development. In arguing for the implementation of SBCs, policy implications in terms of financing and a comprehensive energy plan geared towards sustainable development are also presented.