大电流作用下电缆转移阻抗非线性特性研究

为了研究屏蔽电缆受外界电磁脉冲作用可能产生的非线性效应,提出了屏蔽电缆表面转移阻抗的大电流注入测试方法.建立了大电流注入测试系统,通过注入测试方法获得了不同电流等级下电缆转移阻抗曲线,对比了两类屏蔽多芯电缆的芯线电磁脉冲耦合情况.实验表明:加入一层铁磁性屏蔽层的多芯电缆在注入电流峰值超过2kA时,芯线耦合电压会呈现非线性效应.并分析了该现象产生的原因.     

近地电缆屏蔽层对高空核电磁脉冲响应的研究

为了研究近地面电缆屏蔽层对高空电磁脉冲的耦合规律,依据传输线理论,计算了在高空核电磁脉冲作用下损耗大地上电缆屏蔽层上的感应电流。利用快速傅立叶变换技术,首先得到近地面电缆屏蔽层感应电流的频域解,然后采用快速傅立叶逆变换技术得到时域解。得到了感应电流随电缆长度、电缆架设高度、电磁脉冲极化角、方位角、俯仰角、端接阻抗和大地电导率等的变化规律。     

基于箱体法材料电磁脉冲场屏蔽效能测试研究

为准确评价屏蔽材料在强电磁脉冲环境中的屏蔽效能,提出了一种基于屏蔽暗箱窗口法的材料电磁脉冲屏蔽效能时域测量方法。该方法将带有测试窗口的屏蔽箱体置于GTEM 室内,被测屏蔽材料安装在屏蔽箱的测试窗口上,利用置于腔体中心的单极子天线测量耦合进腔体的电磁脉冲电压波形,对测得的时域电压信号进行快速傅里叶变换( FFT) ,得到了被测材料频域屏蔽效能曲线。与频域测试结果进行了对比,结果基本一致。实验表明该测试系统可以有效减小局部增强效应对测量精度的影响,能够可靠评价强电磁脉冲作用下材料的屏蔽效能。     

材料电磁脉冲屏蔽效能研究进展

首先总结了国外电磁脉冲的研究现状及屏蔽效能的测试方法,并分析了国内电磁脉冲屏蔽效能的测试方法及根据频域测量结果估计时域响应研究进展,然后介绍了屏蔽效能频域和时域表征方法,特别是近几年来电磁脉冲屏蔽效能的表征方法,最后指出了当前电磁脉冲屏蔽效能研究中需解决的问题及今后研究方向,对电磁脉冲作用下材料屏蔽效能的研究具有指导意义。     

屏蔽电缆转移阻抗和转移导纳的宽频测量

转移阻抗和转移导纳是表征外界电磁场对屏蔽电缆耦合机理的两个重要参量.基于传输线理论,提出了一种新的测量屏蔽电缆转移阻抗和转移导纳的简便方法.该方法既可以得到转移阻抗和转移导纳的幅频特性,又可以得到其相频特性,且测试系统比较简单.测试频率范围满足电力系统电磁兼容所关心的频段(0.1MHz～10MHz),对于更高频率屏蔽电缆转移阻抗和转移导纳的测量,可以通过选择更短的电缆样品来实现.为了验证测量方法的正确性,与现有方法的测量结果进行了对比.该测量方法可推广用于多芯屏蔽电缆的转移阻抗和转移导纳测量.     

接地平面电流对信号电缆的干扰分析

从编织网屏蔽电缆的转移阻抗和转移导纳出发,建立了信号传输电缆共地阻抗的耦合模型。通过仿真计算,定量分析了电缆共地阻抗干扰对电缆的耦合,实验验证了计算的准确性和可靠性,并提出了共地阻抗对电缆的耦合控制措施。     

多芯屏蔽视频电缆转移阻抗的测试研究

本文讨论了基于"三同轴法"的多芯屏蔽视频电缆转移阻抗的测试原理和方法,据此方法我们设计给出了使用矢量网络分析仪作为信号源及接收器实现多芯屏蔽视频电缆转移阻抗测试的测量装置和测试结果,最后基于测试结果我们对多芯屏蔽视频电缆的屏蔽效能进行了验证,从而证明了多芯屏蔽视频电缆转移阻抗对信息安全的重要意义.     

功率吸收钳法测量射频同轴电缆屏蔽效能

屏蔽效能是表征射频同轴电缆电磁兼容性的重要指标,用功率吸收钳法可以测量射频同轴电缆的屏蔽效能.从射频同轴电缆的屏蔽效能和表面转移阻抗的各种典型测量方法入手,叙述转移阻抗和屏蔽效能的关系,并重点阐述如何用功率吸收钳法测量电缆屏蔽效能以及对测试结果的归一化处理,并给出了相关的测量曲线.     

静电放电电磁脉冲激励下材料屏蔽效能研究

为更好地评价电磁屏蔽材料对静电放电电磁脉冲的屏蔽效能,对静电放电脉冲激励下的材料的屏蔽效能进行了时域测试研究。以静电放电电磁脉冲为注入源,结合宽带同轴测试夹具和数字存储示波器,对一种平面材料的屏蔽效能进行了时域测试。通过得到的屏蔽前后的信号,计算了不同激励电压下该材料的峰值屏蔽效能,结果表明激励电压的大小对该材料的电磁脉冲屏蔽效能影响不大。通过对屏蔽前后信号的FFT 变换计算了其频域幅频特性曲线,与频域实验测试所得的幅频特性曲线进行了对比,结果比较一致。表明该时域测试系统能够可靠地评价材料对高压静电放电电磁脉冲激励下的衰减能力。     

有界波模拟器中线缆耦合测量与仿真的对比验证

为了分析电缆受外界电磁脉冲作用产生的感应电流,开展了屏蔽电缆表面电流辐照测量实验,并进行了理论计算.实验测量系统采用椭圆弧形过渡段有界波模拟器,通过对电流探头进行标定以及探头引入干扰的消除,得到了较好的测试数据.然后利用时域有限差分方法(Finite Difference Time Domain,FDTD)细线模型进行了数值仿真,该模型计算量小、简单易行.对比仿真结果和实测结果,二者吻合较好,证明了辐照测试方法的有效性.     

Frequency- and time-domain modeling of the transfer impedance and distributed longitudinal induced voltage by means of a SPICE equivalent circuit

Frequency- and time-domain expressions for the transfer impedance of single conductor shielded cables are proposed. The time-domain convolution needed for the evaluation of the distributed longitudinal voltage induced on the internal conductor of the cable is directly evaluated by means of an equivalent SPICE circuit that can be incorporated in already existing shielded coaxial cables circuit models.     

Surface transfer impedance measurement: a comparison betweencurrent probe and pull-on braid methods for coaxial cables

Theoretical models to compute the surface transfer impedance of cables often rely on simplifying assumptions. This, together with the fact that surface transfer impedance can vary considerably between cable samples of the same type, means that measurements become necessary. In this way an average performance may be determined. Many transfer impedance measurement methods have been proposed over the years and each has its own relative strengths. Two frequency-domain measurement methods are compared: the current probe method and the pull-on braid method. Both methods are inexpensive and can be set up very quickly without expensive cable preparation. Moreover, they operate over a broad frequency range with high accuracy. This is shown by the good agreement obtained between measurements carried out with the two methods     

Measuring the coupling parameters of shielded cables

Methods for measuring the coupling parameters of shielded cables, transfer impedance, and transfer admittance are presented. In addition to a theoretical analysis, a simple easy-to-use low-cost measuring setup is shown. This setup permits the determination of modulus and phase of the coupling parameters. New measuring methods for the direct determination of the so-called optimizing factors, presented in an earlier paper (see ibid., vol.34, no.2, p.39-46, 1992) are also discussed. These methods are suitable for shielded cables and shielded cable harnesses as well     

Electromagnetic coupling to and from shielded cables-optimizingfactors

Judging the shielding effectiveness of shielded cables often means in practice that only the transfer impedance is considered. The transfer impedance essentially characterizes the coupling via the magnetic field; the coupling via the electric field, the transfer admittance, is mostly neglected. This may be correct for shields with high optical coverage but for optimized single braided shields (coverage ≈0.8 . . . 0.9), the transfer admittance has to be taken into account. In practice, the cable shields are mostly grounded or open-ended at the line ends. With regard to the shield connections, the electromagnetic coupling to a cable by a plane wave and coupling from a cable are investigated. From the results, optimizing factors for the coupling parameters of shielded cables are deduced. By means of these optimizing factors the coupling to and from a cable can be minimized in certain applications     

电快速瞬变脉冲群耦合到微机保护装置的途径

为了抑制电快速瞬变脉冲群(EFT)对微机保护装置的干扰,研究了 EFT 的耦合机理,并采取电磁隔离措施切断 EFT 从一次回路耦合到微机保护装置的途径。首先,开关柜的屏蔽隔板可靠接地并在其表面涂导电涂料;其次,采用转移阻抗小的双层屏蔽电缆与微机保护装置相连;最后,将屏蔽电缆的两端接对地去耦电容。研究结果表明,上述措施可以有效抑制 EFT 对微机保护装置的干扰。     

Modeling of the Reverberation Chamber Method for Determining the Shielding Properties of a Coaxial Cable

The paper considers the reverberation chamber (RC) method for the measurement of the shielding effectiveness (SE) of coaxial cables with braided shields. In particular, the voltage at the cable termination is numerically computed and compared to that measured in an RC. The RC field is represented by a finite summation of random plane waves, and a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) code is used to calculate the outer shield current induced by the RC field. The knowledge of the shield current distribution allows the determination of the voltage at the cable termination's internal circuit after a proper numerical averaging. It is then compared to the measured voltage averaged over stirrer rotations. The method is applied to a commercially available cable model RG58, and using the nominal value for the transfer impedance of this cable type gives results in a satisfactory agreement with the measurements. Finally, the possibility of recovering the transfer impedance from the measured SE of the RC is discussed.     

Evaluation of measured complex transfer impedances and transferadmittances for the characterization of shield inhomogeneities ofmulticonductor cables

Besides the knowledge of the primary line parameters per unit length, the determination of the complex transfer impedances and transfer admittances of shielded multiconductor cables is the prerequisite for the calculation of the propagation of disturbing currents on the inner wires of the cable. With a measurement procedure based on triaxial measurement setups using multiconductor transmission line theory for evaluation, it is possible to determine individual transfer impedances and admittances for each inner conductor of a shielded multiconductor cable over a broad frequency range. This paper shows the measurement procedure, the method of evaluation: and from measurement results, the determination of the location and the calculation of the area of single-shield inhomogeneities by the evaluation of measured transfer impedances and transfer admittances     

Detection and localization of defects in shielded cables by time-domain measurements with UWB pulse injection and clean algorithm postprocessing

An experimental procedure to detect and localize defects in shielded cables is presented. First, time-domain measurements are carried out by injecting a short rise time pulse in the input section of the shielded cable. Then, the clean algorithm is applied to the measurement results to identify possible damages in the cable line. The localization of the cable section with defects is finally obtained in a very simple way due to the adopted method of measurement in time domain using a ultrawide-band pulser with a very fast rise time. The proposed method is validated by detecting and localizing known defects purposely introduced in test cables.     

Time-domain study of a shielding cable system with a nonlinear load

An impulse current of several kiloamperes was injected to the shield of a shielded cable, which was terminated by a varistor. The induced voltage on the inner conductor caused by this impulse current reaches an amplitude in excess of the varistor's threshold level. The clamped voltage across the varistor and the injected current have been studied for different termination conditions of the shielding cable. Furthermore, this paper also presents the use of a lumped circuit to simulate the transfer impedance of an “electrically short” shielded cable in the time domain. In combination with the varistor circuit model, the shielded cable with the nonlinear load, a varistor, was also simulated straightforwardly in the time domain. Good agreement was found between the measured voltage and current oscillograms and the calculated waveforms. It is thereby demonstrated the validity of the developed lumped circuit model for the transfer impedance of a shielded cable