有孔矩形腔的屏蔽效能及其对谐振抑制研究

介绍了用传输线解析计算法分析有孔矩形腔屏蔽效能的基本原理,对基本公式作进一步修正,使其能计算孔阵列情形,并对修正的传输线模型计算公式进行了扩展,使其能计算任意极化方向时的情况.通过在腔体内表面敷设经过优化计算的复合电介质涂层,实现了对特定谐振频率抑制.计算和仿真结果表明:当处于谐振频率时,屏蔽系数很低甚至为负;孔阵的屏蔽效能比相同面积的单孔的屏蔽效能好;屏蔽效能随极化角度增加而变化,当耦合电场极化方向平行孔缝的长边时,屏蔽效果最好;在腔体内表面上敷设对应腔体谐振频率的复合电介质涂层,实现了在相同的厚度条件下对腔体谐振频率最佳的抑制效果.根据计算结果提出了设计屏蔽腔的建议.     

带孔缝矩形金属腔体屏蔽效能研究

针对带孔缝矩形金属腔体在电磁辐射下的屏蔽效能问题,利用基于时域有限积分法的电磁仿真软件CST,建立了平面波辐照条件下含孔缝金属腔体的耦合模型,重点研究了电场极化方向,腔体材料,矩形孔缝的长度、宽度和深度,孔缝填充介质介电常数及其厚度等参数对屏蔽效能的影响规律.研究结果表明:典型金属材料对屏蔽效能的影响差别不大,垂直于电场极化方向的孔缝边长更能影响腔体的屏蔽效能,孔缝尺寸会影响矩形金属腔体的谐振点,孔缝深度能够通过衰减入射波在一定程度上影响屏蔽效能,孔缝填充介质会降低屏蔽效能,介质厚度及其介电常数会影响屏蔽效能峰值点.研究结果对金属腔体的电磁兼容设计有一定的指导意义.     

装有PCB有孔矩形腔屏蔽效能的传输线法分析

为了提高对有孔屏蔽腔内电路的有效保护性能.介绍了用传输线法分析有孔矩形腔屏蔽效能的基本原理.将基本公式作进一步修正,使其能计算矩形腔内装有印刷电路板的情形.并对修正的传输线模型计算公式进行了扩展,使之能计算任意极化方向时的情况.计算结果表明:当频率低于主谐振频率时,测量点离孔缝越近,耦合进腔体的电磁能量越多;屏蔽效能随极化角度的递增而增加;低频段的屏蔽效能比高频段的要好;装有电路板腔体的屏蔽效能比空腔的要好,这在谐振区域内尤为突出;电路板尺寸越大屏蔽效能越好.根据计算结果,提出了设计屏蔽腔及其腔内电子设备的建议.     

快速预测干扰下斜开孔腔体屏蔽效能的模型

提出一种针对复杂干扰下斜开孔金属腔体屏蔽效能的计算模型。该模型可快速精准地计算出任意金属材料腔体,任意开孔位置,任意观测点位置,任意入射、极化平面波照射以及斜开孔阵腔体的屏蔽效能。首先依据磁流原理和镜像原理将斜开孔腔体等效为两个水平开孔腔体,然后基于Robinson的等效电路法分别求解各自的屏蔽效能,再利用公式换算求得斜开孔金属腔体的屏蔽效能。随后针对腔体会面临的不同干扰,给出不同情况下屏蔽效能的计算方法。考虑多种干扰叠加的复杂工况,将该模型利用Matlab 进行编程,并将计算结果同全波仿真软件CST中的时域传输线矩阵法和频域有限元法的仿真结果进行对比,验证了所提模型的可行性。该模型在保证计算精度的同时,在计算效率上表现出极大的优势。     

多面开孔腔体孔缝耦合效应研究

为研究任意入射角度平面波对多面开孔腔体的孔缝耦合效应,根据矢量分析和矩形波导内场强分布对等效传输线法进行了改进,计算了多面开孔腔体内任意位置的屏蔽效能。将改进等效传输线法计算结果与CST仿真结果、实验测量结果进行比较,验证了改进等效传输线法的正确性,相比数值计算方法,改进等效传输线法所需计算时间和内存更少。采用改进等效传输线法对相同体积不同尺寸的多面开孔腔体的屏蔽效能进行了研究,结果表明:在相同体积下,腔体为正方体时的屏蔽效能和其他尺寸腔体的屏蔽效能基本一致,但是正方形的屏蔽效能极小值点大大减少,从而减少了电子设备受电磁干扰的几率。     

小孔矩形腔体屏蔽特性的研究

本文提出了有孔腔体远、近场电磁屏蔽效能的计算方法，体研究了矩形腔体的屏蔽特性，讨论了各类孔对屏蔽能的影响程度。数值结果表明，理论计算与实验数据吻合较好。     

双面含孔金属腔体屏蔽效能的快速计算

为研究双面含孔矩形金属腔体的屏蔽效能问题,运用矢量分解和等效传输线相结合的原理,给出了双面含单孔的矩形金属腔体内部中心点屏蔽效能计算方法,通过与电磁数值软件CST 的计算结果对比,验证了该计算方法的有效性,且耗时少、收敛快,运用该方法进一步研究了双面含孔阵矩形金属腔体屏蔽效能,得到了腔体内部多模谐振规律。在共振频率附近,腔体内中心点的耦合电场较强,当频率低于主频谐振时,屏蔽效能随着频率的降低而增大;在2GHz 频率范围内,腔体内部各个方向的屏蔽效能都存在多模谐振的现象,且谐振模式不相同;开有相同面积的孔阵屏蔽效能比单孔差,谐振模式变化不大。     

任意方向平面波入射下有孔箱体屏蔽效能的估算*

根据Robinson 等效传输线理论,估算了有孔屏蔽箱体在任意入射方向平面波照射下的屏蔽效能。该 方法将任意入射方向平面波的传播矢量和电场矢量分解,使得复杂模型等效为两个不同极化方向平面波垂直入射 箱体开孔平面的简单模型,从而推导了计算屏蔽效能的一般表达式。数值仿真结果与CST 软件仿真吻合较好,验证 了方法的有效性。分析了平面波入射仰角和方位角对有孔箱体屏蔽效能的影响,数值结果表明:在0°~90°范围内, 箱体屏蔽效能随着平面波入射仰角的减小而增大,随着平面波入射方位角的减小而减小。     

飞行器格栅结构电磁特性分析

飞行器格栅结构能够阻碍电磁波入射到腔体结构形成强的后向散射。为研究菱形栅孔的电磁屏蔽规律,采用波导传输理论和Floquet定理分析了均匀格栅的电磁屏蔽原理。针对孔径边长、线宽和两边夹角等5组几何参数,建立变参数模型并计算了传输参数S₂₁和可屏蔽带宽占比。仿真结果表明,孔径边长和格栅深度对屏蔽效能影响较大;随着两边夹角增加,TE和TM极化的屏蔽效能呈现相反的增减趋势。最后,选取屏蔽效能较优的栅孔,构建了加装格栅的进气腔体模型,计算了掠入射状态下的散射特性,结果表明,在水平极化和垂直极化下,格栅均能有效屏蔽腔体散射。     

高频有损斜开孔腔体屏蔽效能研究

针对带孔屏蔽腔体工作时受复杂电磁干扰问题,基于电磁拓扑理论和BLT 方程,考虑开孔倾斜、偏 心、任意平面波照射、任意观测点位置等情况,提出用于计算斜开孔腔体屏蔽效能的解析模型。同时将腔体材料考 虑为有损导体,对BLT 方程中散射矩阵和传播矩阵进行修改;并利用电压和电场分布关系,考虑腔体内多种传播模 式,将模型的可计算频段拓展为0~3 GHz。最后,设计五组试验,对比CST 仿真值、Robinson 拓展算法计算值与文中 所提模型计算值,验证所提模型的准确性与优化性。为实际工程中孔缝腔体屏蔽问题的预测与计算提供方法。     

电磁脉冲对带孔缝腔体的耦合特性

利用时域有限差分方法(FDTD)研究了电磁脉冲对带孔缝导体腔的耦合特性。为减少存储空间而采用非均匀网格法,分别对腔体上开有不同形状(正方形、长方形)和不同数目孔缝时的耦合效应进行分析。结果表明,在孔洞面积相同的情况下,电磁脉冲对正方形孔洞的耦合能量较小;而对长方形,当脉冲的极化方向与孔洞短边平行时,耦合能量最大;此外,把单个孔洞分成总面积不变的多孔洞后,耦合能量减小;同时,在保持通风面积不变的情况下,将原本开在一层屏蔽板上的孔缝交错地开在两层板上,能够明显改善屏蔽效果。     

Shielding effectiveness of metallic enclosures at oblique and arbitrary polarizations

Shielding effectiveness of metallic enclosures with apertures when illuminated by an oblique incidence arbitrary polarized plane wave has been studied by using an efficient hybrid modal/moment technique. Shielding effectiveness of rectangular enclosures with one, two, and four apertures at multiple points inside the enclosures for various frequencies has been calculated when the illuminating source flies by the front of the enclosure. The work shows that the shielding effectiveness is seriously affected by frequency, angle of incidence and polarization of the illuminating field; the number and orientation of apertures; and the location inside the cavity. It has been shown that the usual assumption about the normal incidence being the worst-case scenario for shielding effectiveness values may not be valid when there is more than one aperture in the cavity. The paper emphasizes the need for the statistical investigation of shielding effectiveness problem of metallic enclosures with apertures.     

Analytical formulation for the shielding effectiveness ofenclosures with apertures

An analytical formulation has been developed for the shielding effectiveness of a rectangular enclosure with an aperture. Both the magnetic and electric shielding may be calculated as a function of frequency, enclosure dimensions, aperture dimensions and position within the enclosure. Theoretical values of shielding effectiveness are in good agreement with measurements. The theory has been extended to account for circular apertures, multiple apertures, and the effect of the enclosure contents     

A proposed new definition and measurement of the shielding effect of equipment enclosures

This paper describes the rationale behind a new proposed measurement of the screening effect of an equipment enclosure that takes into account the contents of the enclosure. The method uses a set of representative contents for enclosures. The representative contents are equipped with surface field probes to measure the power entering the contents. The ratio of this power to the incident power density is used to derive a quantity with the dimensions of area, termed here the shielding aperture. The measurement technique is described and examples of measurements are given along with computed comparisons with the conventional shielding effectiveness of the enclosures used.     

Shielding Characterization of Metallic Enclosures With Multiple Slots and a Thin-Wire Antenna Loaded: Multiple Oblique EMP Incidences With Arbitrary Polarizations

Shielding effectiveness (SE) of metallic rectangular enclosures with thin slots and a thin-wire antenna loaded by an impedance, illuminated by multiple electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) simultaneously, is investigated using a hybrid finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. In order to enhance the simulation efficiency of the FDTD algorithm, accurate formulas for handling multiple thin slots, a thin-wire antenna, and a lumped network are integrated together. Numerical results show that for real metallic enclosures, their shielding performance is very sensitive to the variations in direction and polarization angle of the incident EMPs. However, at a given frequency, the resistance and inductance loaded at the terminal of a thin-wire antenna have little effect on the SE level. For two, three, as well as more EMP incidences, common-frequency interferences will result in strong inner field resonance in the enclosure.      

含短贯通导体金属腔体电磁耦合规律研究*

为研究平面波辐照下含短贯通导体金属腔体电磁耦合规律,利用电磁仿真软件CST 搭建仿真耦合模型,从频域角度进行了仿真研究,并利用矢量网络分析仪、功率放大器、GTEM 室和电场测试探头搭建实验系统进行了验证。通过仿真研究了贯通导体长度、贯通孔尺寸和腔体内屏蔽效能监测点位置等因素对屏蔽效能的影响。结果表明:仿真和实验的结果具有一致性;贯通导体腔体外长度越长,屏蔽效能越低,腔体内长度越长,腔体谐振频点越低;贯通孔尺寸越大,腔体屏蔽效能越低;监测点位置离贯通导体越近,屏蔽效能越低。同时研究了吸波材料和开口金属环对含短贯通导体金属腔体的防护效果。此研究具有实用意义,能够指导电子设备的设计和安装。     

Shielding effectiveness of a rectangular enclosure with arectangular aperture

An analysis is presented of the shielding effectiveness (SE) of a rectangular enclosure with an aperture in one face. The enclosure is treated as a length of rectangular waveguide and the aperture as a length of coplanar strip transmission line. Theoretical values of SE agree with measurements for a range of enclosures, apertures and frequencies. The variation of SE with position in the enclosure is also correctly predicted     

双层加载电路板屏蔽腔屏蔽效能研究

为了提高设备中电子元件抵御来自外界和内部其他元件的电磁干扰,根据传输线理论,将双层加载电路板屏蔽腔体模型转换为电路图,利用电路图推导出腔体中心屏蔽效能的等效公式。利用Matlab生成传输线法屏蔽效能曲线,并通过仿真软件CST建模仿真,仿真结果与Matlab输出曲线良好吻合,验证了公式的正确性。运用CST研究了一些因素如电路板大小、数量、放置方式以及距孔缝的距离对屏蔽效能的影响。为了更加贴合实际,采用加载集成运算放大电路的印制电路板来研究腔体屏蔽效能以及腔体对电路板功能的影响,最后提出了一些提高屏蔽效能的方法。