超声对过共晶铝硅合金组织和性能的影响

使用新颖的超声处理装置,对过共晶Al-23%Si合金进行有无超声处理实验。研究了功率超声对合金组织形态、分布和性能的影响,探讨了超声对合金结晶过程的作用和组织细化的机理。结果表明:超声对初晶硅有显著的细化作用,分布更加均匀,并使晶粒的边缘圆滑过渡;对α-Al枝晶有超声变质作用,使树枝状晶向等轴晶转变;而对共晶组织稍有粗化。功率超声使合金的硬度分布更加均匀,耐磨性得到很大提高。     

Microstructure evolution of cast Al-Si-Cu alloys in solution treatment

To develop a software to predict the evolution of microstructure and the development of mechanical properties during the heat treatment of cast aluminum alloys, we modeled the redistribution of solute during the solution treatment of multicomponent alloys. The predictions of solidification simulation software or the results of experiment provided the initial microstructure and solute distribution for simulation of heat treatment. Binary through quinary aluminum alloys with silicon, copper, magnesium, and iron were modeled. The basic model assumed local equilibrium （no undercooling due to nucleation or growth） and computed diffusion in the solid constituents during solidification. The evolution of microstructure during solution treatment was followed by qualitative and quantitative metallography. The results of simulation for the ternary alloy Al-7%Si-3.5%Cu were compared to experimental observation.     

变质及熔体处理对过共晶铝硅合金组织的影响

为了研究变质及熔体处理对过共晶铝硅合金组织的影响,采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜等技术研究了Cu-14％P(质量分数)磷铜变质、Al-10％ RE(质量分数)混合稀土变质以及熔体处理的过共晶铝硅合金组织变化特点.结果表明,熔体处理未能使初晶硅细化,但出现了部分共晶组织被初晶硅晶粒包裹的现象;磷铜变质剂对初晶硅有良好的细化变质作用,组织弥散细小,尖锐的棱角变得圆滑.Al-10％ RE(质量分数)混合稀土变质剂对初晶硅与共晶硅都有一定的细化作用,但对初晶硅的变质效果不如Cu-14％ P(质量分数)变质剂,且变质不均匀,而对共晶硅的细化效果优于磷铜变质剂的细化效果.     

Microstructural Evolution and Phase Transformations of Mechanically Stirred Non-dendritic ZA27 Alloy during Partial Remelting

The microstructural evohution and phase transformations of mechanically stirred non-dendriticZA27 alloy during partial remelting were studied by using scanning electron microsccopy and x-ray diffraction technique the partial remelting temperature waw 460℃ and lower than the stirring tenperature of 465℃ so the microstructure with globular grains needed for semi-solid forming can not be obtained and the starting prinary nondendritic grains change in turn to connect non-dendritic grains,long cchain-like structures and fnlly to coursen connect grains houever,the small near-equiaxed grains betueen the primary non-dendritic grains are erohvvl into small globular grains gradtally some of ichich are also attached to the primary non-dendritic grains the subsequent heating the x-ray diffraction results shou that a series of phase transformations α η ε→β，η β →L，β α′ L，α η ε→α′and α′→occur successively during this process the main reuson why the starting primary non-dendritic grains do not occur or occurr incompletely in the layers used to connect the priunary nondendritic grains.     

过共品铸造Al-Si—Cu—Mg—Fe合金组织性能研究

通过正交试验和单因素试验,考察了Cu、Mg、Zn、Ni和Fe对Al—18Si过共晶铝硅合金室温及高温（350℃）力学性能的影响规律,利用光学金相显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱分析仪（EDX）对合金中富Cu相、富Fe相的组织组成进行了分析．结果表明：Cu、Mg是提高AI-18Si过共晶铝硅舍金室温及高温强度的主要因素;Zn含量增加明显降低合金350℃时的高温强度,改善合金的室温和高温延伸率;Fe降低合金的室温强度,显著提高合金的高温强度;当Cr：Fe=0．35：1,Mn：Cr=2：1,含铁0．8％～1．2％时,Al-18Si-4．0Cu-0．7Mg-0．2Zn-1.0Ni-（0．8～1．2）Fe合金力学性能σb（25℃））310MPa,延伸率受（25℃）≥0．75%,σb（350℃）〉130MPa,延伸率δs（35℃）〉1．5％;合金中富铜相主要以块状Al。Cu相和白灰色花卉状A15Si。cu2Mg8相存在,富铁相主要以三叶草状、树枝状和棒状Al5Si（Cr,Mn,Fe）相存在．     

Microstructure Characteristics and Apparent Viscosity of Hypereutectic Al-24%Si Alloy Melt During Semi-solid State Stirring

The microstructural evolution and apparent viscosity of hypereutectic Al-24%Si alloy during semi-solid state shearing were studied with a Searte type viscometer. When the alloy melt was continuously stirred from 720℃ to eutectic temperature, the primary Si crystals were gradually changed from elongated platelets to near-spherical shapes. It was found that some nondendritic a-phase formed when the melt was stirred below 585℃. The experiment showed that the semi-solid stirring had strong effect on inhibiting the anisotropic growth of Si crystals during solidification. The apparent viscosity of the alloy melt increased slowly with the decreasing of temperature before the formation of nondendritic α-phase, which caused the dramatic increase of apparent viscosity.     

Microstructure, cold rolling, heat treatment, and mechanical properties of Mg-Li alloys

The magnesium-lithium (Mg-Li) alloy exhibits two phase structures between 5.7wt% and 10.3wt% Li contents, consisting of the α (hcp) Mg-rich and the β (bcc) Li-rich phases, at room temperature. In the experiment, Mg-5Li-2Zn, Mg-9Li-2Zn, Mg-16Li-2Zn, Mg-22Li-2Zn, Mg-5Li-2Zn-2Ca, Mg-9Li-2Zn-2Ca, Mg-16Li-2Zn-2Ca, and Mg-22Li-2Zn-2Ca (wt%) were melted. During the melting process, the flux, which was composed of lithium chloride (LiCl) and lithium fluoride (LiF) in the proportion of 3:1 (mass ratio) and argon gas were used to protect the alloys from oxidation. The microstructure, mechanical properties, and cold-rolling workability of the wrought alloys were studied. The crystal grain of the alloys (adding Ga) is fine. The hardness of the studied alloys decreases with an increase in element Li. The density of the studied alloys is in the range of 1.187 to 1.617 g/cm3. The reduction of the Mg-16Li-2Zn and Mg-22Li-2Zn alloys can exceed 85% at room temperature. The Mg-9Li-2Zn-2Ca alloy was heat treated at 300°C for 8, 12, 16, and 24 h, respectively. The optimum heat treatment of the Mg-9Li-2Zn-2Ca alloy is 300°C×12h by metallographic observation and by studying the mechanical properties of the alloys.     

熔体预处理对过共晶Al-Si合金组织及性能的影响

为提高合金材料的力学性能,研究了熔体预处理对过共晶Ａｌ－Ｓｉ合金的组织及性能的影响．结果表明：一定的熔体预处理工艺条件既能细化过共晶Ａｌ－Ｓｉ合金中的初生硅,又能细化共晶硅,同时也可改善其显微组织的不均匀性,使合金的力学性能得到明显提高,即抗拉强度σｂ增加４３％～６０％,延伸率δ增加１９．５％～１０２％,硬度ＨＢ增加１９％～２６．６％．并对熔体预处理的细化机理进行了初步研究．     

Reverse Transformation Behavior of TiNi Shape Memory Alloys Prestrained in the Parent Phase

1 IntroductionShape memory alloys (SMAs) prestrained at a tem-perature belowAs(the reverse martensitic transformationstartingtemperature) can generate a large stress or me-chanical energy when constrainedly heated at aboveAf(the reverse martensitic transformation finishing tempera-ture) ,therefore they are regarded as one of the most im-portant actuatorsinsmart composites[1-4].The relationshipbetweenthe prestrain level and the reversible martensitictransformationof TiNi SMAs has beenstudie…     

Enhancing ductility of the Al-Si coating on hot stamping steel by controlling the Fe-Al phase transformation during austenitization

In this study,austenitizing heat treatment before hot stamping of Al-10%Si coated boron steel is first investigated through environment scanning electron microscopy(ESEM)equipped with energy dispersive x-ray analysis(EDAX).The cracking behavior of the coating was evaluated using Gleeble 3500,a thermo-mechanical simulator under uniaxial plastic deformation at elevated temperatures.The extent and number of cracks developed in the coating were carefully assessed through an optical microscope.The coating layer under hot-dipped condition consists of an Al-Si eutectic matrix,Fe2Al7Si,Fe3Al2Si3 and Fe2Al5,from the coating surface to the steel substrate.The coating layer remains dense,continuous and smooth.During austenitization,the Al-rich Fe-Al intermetallics in the coating transform to more Fe-rich intermetallics,promoted by the Fe diffusion process.The coating finally shows the coexistence of two types of Fe-Al intermetallics,namely,FeAl2 and FeAl.Microcracks and Kirkendall voids occur in the coating layer and diffusion zone,respectively.The coating is heavily cracked and broken into segments during the hot tensile tests.Bare steel exposed between the separate segments of the coating is oxidized and covered with a thin FeOx layer.The appearance of the oxide decreases the adhesion of the Al-Si coating.It is found that the ductile FeAl is preferred as a coating microstructure instead of the brittle FeAl2.Therefore,the ductility of the Al-Si coating on hot stamping boron steel could be enhanced by controlling the ductile Fe-rich intermetallic phase transformations within it during austenitization.Experiments indicate that a higher austenitizing temperature or longer dwell time facilitate the Fe-rich intermetallics transformation,increasing the volume fraction of FeAl.This phase transformation also contributes to reducing the crack density and depth.     

Numerical simulation of the Liquid-liquid phase separation and microstructure evolution of Al-In immiscible alloys during cooling

0　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＭａｎｙｉｍｍｉｓｃｉｂｌｅａｌｌｏｙｓｗｉｔｈｈｏｍｏｇｅｎｅｏｕｓｓｔｒｕｃ ｔｕｒｅｓｐｅｒｆｏｒｍｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｒｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌａｎｄｍｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌｐｒｏｐ ｅｒｔｉｅｓｔｈａｔｉｍｐｌｙｔｈｅｉｍｍｉｓｃｉｂｌｅａｌｌｏｙｓｗｉｌｌｈａｖｅｗｉｄｅｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ[1～ 4 ] .Ｂｕｔｄｕｅｔｏｔｈｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｓｏ ｌｉｄｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓ ,ｓｅｒｉｏｕｓｇｒａｖｉｔｙｓｅｇｒｅｇａｔｉｏｎｗｉｌ…     

热处理对一种两相钛合金超塑性及组织的影响

对经不同制度处理的一种富β的α+β型钛合金(SPZ)的超塑性性能及组织进行了研究.结果表明,700℃/1 h AC处理后,合金具有良好的室高温性能;应变速率高达1.11×10-3/s时,合金在740℃~800℃温度范围内显示出超塑性,超塑拉伸延伸率均超过1600%;760℃,合金拉伸延伸率可高达2149%.扫描电镜(SEM)观察发现,SPZ合金的变形行为具有明显细晶超塑性的特点.应变速率为2.22×10-3/s时,740℃、780℃变形后晶粒尺寸分别为1.51mm3、.21 mm.超塑变形后合金的晶粒尺寸比变形前的有所增大;超塑性温度越高,晶粒长大程度越高.     

铸造铝合金时效过程模拟研究进展

为了增进对材料研究领域中计算机模拟技术发展动态的了解,深刻认识计算机模拟技术在金属材料加工过程研究领域的作用和重要性,针对铸造铝合金时效过程研究所使用模拟方法的发展及应用,从微观组织模拟、力学性能预测及电子理论研究三个方面进行了评述.微观组织模拟在实验无法触及的领域起着至关重要的作用,完善的相变动力学模型的建立是微观组织模拟的研究重点;时效合金力学性能计算的准确性依赖于强化机制、强化模型及相变动力学模型的完善;从电子层次上探索固态相变机理的电子理论研究方法也要依赖于计算机计算理论和方法的进一步发展;而多尺度、多方法结合的研究是未来模拟研究的主要发展方向.     

C-Mn segregation and its effect on phase transformation and deformation in Fe-Mn-C alloys

C-Mn segregation and its effect on phase transformation and plastic deformation in Fe-Mn-C alloys were studied through the calculation of valence electron structure, the microregion composition detection and TEM in-situ dynamic tensile deformation test The experimental results show that in Fe-8Mn-1.2C alloyed austenite, nA of units with C Mn involved is 3 98 times that of units without C involved and 1.4 times that of units with C involved; aCD of units with C-Mn involved is 2 21 times that of units with C involved. In Fe-Mn-C alloyed austenites, there exists microsegrcgation of C-Mn, forming the randomly distributed Fe-Mn-C atomic cluster segregation zone linked with the -C-Mn-C-Mn- strong bond network, which will effectively slow down the motion of atoms and retard the initiation of the slip system and the movement of dislocation, and thus will severely influence the phase transformation and deformation of the alloy     

NiTi（X）合金中第二相与R相关系研究

研究了NiTi(X)合金中第二相与R相变的关系问题,结果表明：如果合金中第二相与基体存在的共格关系,且在[111]B2方向存在优先拉应力场,NiTi(X)合金中的R相变即可发生,否则只能诱发马氏体相变。     

Phase transformation behaviors and shape memory effects of TiNiFeAl shape memory alloys

Measurements of electrical resistivity, X-ray diffraction, and tensile test at room temperature and ?196°C were performed to investigate the effects of Al addition substituting Ni on the phase transformation behaviors, the mechanical properties, and the shape memory effects of Ti50Ni47Fe2Al1 and Ti50Ni46.5Fe2.5Al1 alloys. It is found that 1at% Al addition dramatically decreases the martensitic start transformation temperature and expands the transformation temperature range of R-phase for TiNiFeAl alloys. The results of tensile test indicate that 1at% Al improves the yield strength of Ti50Ni47Fe2Al1 and Ti50Ni46.5Fe2.5Al1 alloys by 40% and 64%, but de- creases the plasticity to 11% and 12% from 26% and 27% respectively. Moreover, excellent shape memory effect of 6.6% and 7.5% were found in Ti50Ni47Fe2Al1 and Ti50Ni46.5Fe2.5Al1 alloys, which results from the stress-induced martensite transformation from the R-phase.     

Microstructure evolution of Al-4Cu-Mg alloy during semi-solid treatment

The microstructure of a cold-deformed Al-4Cu-Mg alloy during semi-solid treatment was investigated, which shows that grain detachment and grain spheroidization processes during the semi-solid treatment are very important to control the fabricated semi-solid microstructures. For the two different processes, the driving force comes from the external heat source and the reduction in total interfacial area, respectively. The evolution models of microstructure morphology in the two processes were presented based on microstructure observations. It can be found that these models are useful to provide a reasonable estimated critical time of the evolution of microstructure during the semi-solid treatment.     

热处理对Cr26型高铬铸铁组织与性能的影响

研究Cr26型高铬铸铁经过不同的热处理后,其组织、硬度和耐磨性之间的关系。实验结果表明,最佳的淬火工艺是1 050℃×60 min后空冷,硬度为64.2 HRC;材料的硬度越高耐磨性能越好;并从组织状态和磨损机理方面分析了其原因。     

激光焊接650MPa相变诱发塑性钢的组织与性能

采用固体Nd:YAG激光器焊接拉伸强度级别为650MPa、厚度为1.2mm的相变诱发塑性钢(TRIP)薄板,利用光学显微镜和电子显微镜研究了其不同焊接速度下对接焊缝的形貌和组织特点。测试了接头的硬度和抗拉强度,借助杯凸试验对比研究了激光焊接接头和母材的成形能力,并分析了焊接速度对接头组织、性能的影响。研究表明:TRIP钢的相组成主要是大量铁素体、贝氏体和少量的残余奥氏体;激光焊缝金属则主要由马氏体构成。焊缝金属或焊接热影响区的近缝区具有最高的硬度。焊缝金属的屈服强度和抗拉强度在垂直于焊缝方向与母材基本相同,但在平行于焊缝方向明显高于母材。与母材相比,激光焊接TRIP钢薄板的冲压成型能力明显下降。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of rapidly solidified Al-Cr alloys

The microstructure and mechanical properties of rapidly solidified Al-Cr alloys were investigated by XRD, TEM and microhardness testing instrument. The results indicate that the matrix of rapidly solidified Al-Cr alloys is α-Al solid solution when the Cr content is lower than 4 wt%. However, when the Cr content is above 4 wt%, the microstructures of rapidly solidified Al-Cr alloys are different along cross section. The microstructure of alloy contacting copper roller consists of α-Al and a few intermetallic compounds. With the increase of distance from copper roller, the matrix consists of α-Al and spherical intermetallic compounds which conglomerate in α-Al matrix. These intermetallic compounds are Al₇Cr, Al₁₁Cr and Al₄Cr. The tensile strength has the maximal value when the Cr content is about 8 wt%. The annealed microstructures show that supersaturated α-Al solid solution dissolved with increasing anneal temperature. The starting temperature of the second phase precipitated from the supersaturated α-Al solid solution desponds on the supersaturation. Meanwhile, the microhardness of rapidly solidified Al-Cr alloy reaches maximal value after annealing at 300 °C. Funded by the Innovation Fund for Outstanding Scholar of Henan Province (No. 0621000700)