固废源CaO基CO2捕集材料的制备与捕集性能研究进展

CO₂捕集技术是当前应对全球气候变化、缓解温室效应的重要途径。利用含钙固体废弃物制备高效CaO基CO₂捕集材料有利于实现固废资源高值化利用、以废治废和清洁生产,具有重要的环境效益、经济效益和社会效益。基于固废源高效廉价CaO基CO₂捕集材料的良好应用前景,本文介绍了工业废渣、生物质和其他含钙固体废弃物的产生与资源化利用现状,综述了CaO基吸附剂的捕集原理、碳酸化动力学过程和CO₂捕集性能,对比了以不同含钙固体废弃物为前驱体制备CaO基吸附剂的吸附-脱附循环性能和不同改性方法对其吸附稳定性的影响,从经济角度分析了固废源CaO基吸附剂在钢铁厂、燃煤电厂和生物制氢中的应用潜力,展望了固废源CaO基CO₂捕集材料的应用前景和发展方向。该文旨在为固废源CaO基吸附剂前驱体的选择、吸附性能的提高和固废吸附材料的工业应用提供帮助。     

固体废弃物在绿色建筑砂浆中应用的研究进展

论述了粉煤灰、矿渣、尾矿砂、钢渣、废玻璃等固体废弃物在绿色建筑砂浆中应用的研究进展。固体废弃物在砂浆组分中的应用主要表现在胶凝材料、砂浆骨料与掺合料等方面,结合文献,分析了固体废弃物掺入对绿色砂浆性能影响,并且指明存在的问题,最后对固体废弃物在绿色砂浆中应用与发展前景提出展望。     

浅谈喷漆的主要污染物及处理措施

喷漆产生的主要污染为大气污染和固体废物污染。其中大气污染物主要为二甲苯、甲苯、非甲烷总烃等有机物和颗粒物等。固体废物均为危险废物,包括油漆废物和废气净化系统废物。本文分析了喷漆工艺产生的废气和固体废物的主要来源,并提出了防治喷漆车间污染的对策。     

炼油厂固体废物填埋场的工程设计

介绍某固体废物填埋场工程设计,确定关键的设计参数,验证给定的各种经验式的相互关系和固体废物的处理方法。     

城市生活垃圾的优化处理技术

分析了城市生活垃圾的处理现状,运用循环经济、可持续发展的观点,对填埋、焚烧、堆肥、综合利用等城市生活垃圾主要处理技术进行比较,得出结论：综合利用处理技术是城市生活垃圾优化处理的有效措施。     

Levels of ATP in different organic wastes under composting conditions

BACKGROUND: The concentration of ATP in selected samples from the composting process of several organic wastes (municipal solid wastes, wastewater sludge, animal by‐products and cow manure) has been determined in order to characterize the aerobic biological activity of such wastes. RESULTS: The values obtained ranged from 0 (in old stable compost from cow manure) to 0.07 µmol ATP g^?1 dry matter in thermophilic samples of municipal solid wastes composting. In general, it was found that ATP levels were in agreement with the stage of the composting process (initial stage, thermophilic period and maturation). On the other hand, ATP concentration correlated well (P < 0.05) with the overall respiration activity during a complete composting process of municipal solid waste at full scale. CONCLUSION: ATP concentration can be used to determine the biological activity of organic solid wastes in different stages of their biological treatment and to predict compost stability prior to soil application. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

固体废弃物在蒸压加气混凝土中的应用现状综述

随着固废资源化利用成为当下研究的热点，近年来采用固体废弃物制备蒸压加气混凝土的研究成果层出不穷。但固体废弃物由于种类繁多，特点不一，对蒸压加气混凝土的干密度和抗压强度等关键性能的影响规律和影响机理并不明晰，亟需进行归纳总结。本文首先从基体和孔结构两方面分析归纳了影响蒸压加气混凝土干密度和抗压强度的主要因素，之后从固体废弃物做硅质材料、钙质材料和发气材料三个方面分析了其对蒸压加气混凝土干密度和强度的影响规律和影响机理，最后总结了当前研究中存在的问题并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

The use of toxic solid waste for the adsorption of dyes from waste streams

The use of chromium‐containing toxic solid wastes from the leather industry for the removal of dyes from waste‐waters has been studied. A batch adsorption model has been employed and the role of various experimental parameters on the efficiency of the process evaluated. The extent of dye removal was studied by varying parameters such as pH, contact time, initial concentration of the dye and amount of adsorbent. The experimental equilibrium data for this system has been analyzed using the linearized forms of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The Langmuir isotherm was found to provide the best theoretical correlation of the experimental data and the adsorption was found to follow pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. The dye adsorbed solid wastes were used for the preparation of pigments. In essence, this study provides a greener solution for chromium‐containing solid wastes, dye containing waste‐waters and dye‐adsorbed chromium solid wastes. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

The potential for reuse of plastics recovered from solid wastes

Plastics in solid wastes is a problem of growing concern. Recycling of wastes is currently believed to be the most acceptable form of disposal in the long run; however, this route is known to be especially difficult for plastics. Recycling would be easier if the various generic types present in solid wastes, mainly polyethylene, polystyrene and poly (vinyl chloride), could be isolated; however, this would be very difficult and expensive. This is a first report on research aimed at evaluating the potential of recycling plastics as a polymer blend of the various generic types. This approach suffers from the difficulty that the different plastics are incompatible and the blend has poor mechanical properties. The extent of this problem is documented with data on many ternary blends employing virgin polyethylene, polystyrene and poly (vinyl chloride) of numerous grades likely to be found in solid wastes. Property degradation was found to be more severe as the complexity of the blend increased, indicating that general municipal wastes could be reused only in very low grade applications, whereas certain commercial wastes might have brighter prospects. Strategies for improving blend properties are outlined.     

固体废弃物在超/近临界水中连续分解装置的研制

利用超／近临界水具有的特性,探索固体废弃物在超／近临界水中的再资源化技术。由于固体废弃物料在高温高压水中连续分解的反应装置。固体物料与水混成浆料供给反应器,解决了某些固体物料向高温高压反应器中的连续输送问题,浆料的固含量可达10％（wt）以上。并对模式物质——纤维素和木质素;实物——米糠、豆腐渣和稻壳等进行了连续分解实验,运行结果稳定。本工作证实了通过将固体废弃物与水混成浆料的方式,实现固体废弃物在超／近临界水中连续处理的可能性。     

高温燃烧过程中Cr的氧化机理及控制方法

Cr作为一种有害元素广泛地存在于化石燃料、生活垃圾和工业固体废物中。其中,化石燃料、相当大部分的生活垃圾以及一部分的工业固体废物都通过燃烧过程来回收能量或者进行减容和无害化处理。因此,通过燃烧过程人类向自然界中排放了大量的Cr。最重要的是,热处置过程中的高温氧化环境容易使低迁移性和毒性的Cr（Ⅲ）氧化为高迁移性和毒性的Cr（Ⅵ）。所以,热处置过程中Cr的反应、行为以及产物中Cr的存在形态得到了越来越多的研究。本文综述了燃料中Cr的存在形态、燃烧过程中Cr的氧化机理、燃烧过程中Cr氧化的控制方法以及燃烧产物中Cr的固化方法四方面内容,为减少燃烧过程中的Cr对环境的危害提供理论基础。     

镀锌废弃物的综合处理

主要针对镀锌废弃物,包括废气,废水和固体废弃物,阐述其特点及对人体和环境的危害。并分别就近年来国内外对镀锌废弃物的处理方法和再利用进行了综述。     

Activated carbon from solid wastes using a pilot-scale batch flaming pyrolyser

Activated carbon has been prepared from solid wastes carbonised in a pilot-scale batch flaming pyrolyser. Wood furniture waste (chipboard and plywood), scrap tyres, urban sewage, and straw were selected as pollutant solid wastes for this study. Burn-off levels, porosity, and BET surface were determined. From furniture waste derived char, a highly microporous solid was obtained at 850°C with a BET surface area of 855 m²/g. A medium surface area (431 m²/g) activated solid was obtained from tyre derived char at 1000°C. An FT-IR spectroscopic study of activated tyre and furniture derived chars showed different chemical structures and a higher water adsorption capacity for furniture derived solids than for those derived from tyres. The low cost flaming pyrolyser can produce, at pilot scale, chars suitable for activation from furniture wastes and tyres.     

Preparation and characterization of polyamide‐leather wastes polymer composites

Chrome tanning of leather improves its appearance, but at the same time, it emits both solid and liquid wastes. These solid wastes mainly after shaving process present in large amount causing hazard to the environment. Leather wastes were disintegrated to prepare hide powder and mixed with polyamide (nylon 6) in different ratios. The physical, mechanical and thermal properties of different composites were investigated, which showed enhancement in physical characters but decreasing in mechanical properties. The charred residue increases by increasing the presence of leather waste filler. Morphological studies were performed on the fractured surface of composites showed uniform and fine particles dispersion. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

陶瓷废弃物资源化利用之浅谈

通过对我国陶瓷工业固体废弃物的处理现状分析,认为可运用现代装饰及陶瓷原料再生技术对陶瓷产品的生命周期进行重新的设计与安排,使资源与能源得到最有效地消耗配置,从而达到陶瓷废料的减量化、资源化、无害化的目的,使陶瓷行业生产走上可持续发展的道路。     

全球变暖背景下水泥工业的机遇和挑战

我国的人口膨胀和城市化进程对水泥产生巨大的需求,水泥工业巨大的碳排放量将会成为其可持续发展的严峻障碍。综合利用固体废弃物作为水泥的原燃材料,将使水泥工业蜕变为巨大的绿色产业。开发大量利用废弃物的新型低碳水泥,发展水泥工业碳捕获与储存技术,是水泥工业低碳化的有效途径。     

煤系固体废弃物制备白炭黑的研究进展

介绍了煤系固体废弃物的种类、数量及物相组成特点,分别介绍了由这三种废弃物合成白炭黑的进展,对未来的合成方法进行了展望。     

利用陶瓷废渣生产绿色陶瓷产品

本文研究了利用陶瓷废渣生产绿色陶瓷产品.在对陶瓷废渣特性识别的基础上,通过对原矿原料、半熟料废渣、熟料废渣的性能检测,确定最佳配料配方;通过采用低温快烧技术,开发使用坯体增强剂,实现了废水、废渣零排放,废气污染物大幅下降,使废渣使用比例达到80%以上,生产出性能优于GB / T4100-2006标准的绿色陶瓷产品.     

Study on Drying Organic Sludges by Thermal Jet Dryer—Part 1: Drying Performance of Thermal Jet Dryer

The authors are developing a thermal jet dryer (TJD), with a vertical disc-shaped drying tank, for the purpose of weight and volume reduction of solid wastes with high water content, such as organic sludges. In order to obtain the drying performance of TJD, drying experiments using three kinds of solid wastes were carried out. The following results were obtained: (1) Drying performance depended most on the disintegration characteristics of sample. (2) There was little influence of the samples' properties on the gas–solid multiphase flow in the tank. (3) There was a critical feed rate at which the drying performance changed drastically.     

上海城市生活垃圾分类与垃圾产业

上海作为一个发展迅速的国际大都市,在各行各业高速发展的同时,却面对日益增多的城市生活垃圾无 法有效处理的难题。如何改变这种现状,并实现垃圾资源的可重复利用,就成为一个亟待解决的问题。有 效实行城市生活垃圾分类收集是实现垃圾产业化的基础。垃圾产业化不仅能够有效解决垃圾的处理问 题,而且资源的回收和利用亦将成为垃圾产业的一大亮点。在垃圾产业发展的同时也为缓解社会就业压 力提供了可能。