静电纺魔芋葡甘聚糖—纳米四氧化三铁复合膜的力学性能研究

将魔芋葡甘聚糖—纳米四氧化三铁共混,通过静电纺丝技术进一步制备多纳米纤维复合膜,研究纳米四氧化三铁、KGM、甘油、Na_2CO_3含量对复合膜力学性能的影响。结果表明,纳米Fe_3O_4、KGM、甘油、Na_2CO_3含量对复合膜性能有较大影响,当纳米Fe_3O_4含量为1.0%,KGM含量为1.2%,甘油含量为0.1%,Na_2CO_3含量为0.1%时,制得的复合膜的拉伸强度为28.35 MPa,断裂伸长率为6.42%。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖-普鲁兰多糖复合膜的制备与性能研究

利用魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)和普鲁兰多糖(PUL)制备可食性复合膜,研究了KGM与PUL不同配比对复合膜性能的影响。结果表明,KGM和PUL分子之间发生了氢键相互作用,有较好的相容性,复合膜的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率以及阻湿性能和纯膜比较都显著提高。当KGM与PUL复合比为6∶4(w/w)时,复合膜的热稳定性最好,其拉伸强度和断裂伸长率最大,分别为77.68 MPa和14.93%,水蒸气透过率较纯KGM膜降低了34%,氧气透过率高于纯KGM膜,但符合食品包装膜的要求。复合膜的性能优于纯KGM膜以及纯PUL膜,适合应用于可食性食品包装膜材料。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖功能特性研究及其在食品工业中的应用

魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)是一种天然的优异膳食纤维,本文综述了魔芋葡甘聚糖的功能特性以及魔芋葡甘聚糖在食品工业中的应用概况,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

应用于空心胶囊氧化魔芋葡甘聚糖-马铃薯淀粉复合膜制备及性能测试

魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)氧化改性后与马铃薯淀粉复配,用于制备新型植物空心胶囊。该文通过正交试验分析了氧化魔芋葡甘聚糖(OKGM)/马铃薯淀粉配比、胶液浓度、反应温度和反应时间对制备OKGM–马铃薯淀粉复合膜的影响。结果显示制备复合膜的最佳工艺参数为:OKGM/马铃薯淀粉配比1∶3、胶液浓度1.25%、反应温度60℃、反应时间3 h;此条件下制备的复合膜拉伸强度为20.8 MPa,断裂伸长率为21.3%,透光率为21.9%,透湿系数为5.1×10–9g/(mm·h·mmHg),吸湿量为7.6%,水滴渗透时间为33 min/mm。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖中乙酰基对其链结构及膜性能的影响

采用碱性溶剂对魔芋葡甘聚糖(Kon jac G lucom annan,KGM)进行了脱乙酰处理,采用原子力显微镜、圆二色谱表征了脱乙酰KGM的链结构的变化特点,并对其膜材料的性能进行了测试。结果表明KGM脱乙酰基后,从半柔性直链分子转化成为弹性微球状,特性粘度大大降低,非对称性增加,表明有序结构的形成。上述结构的变化赋予材料性能的提高,KGM脱乙酰后显示了较强的力学性能,膜的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率分别提高了151%、19%,吸湿增重降低53%。     

脱乙酰魔芋葡甘聚糖对马铃薯淀粉糊化及流变性质的影响

以马铃薯淀粉为原料,向其中添加脱乙酰度分别为20%、45%、70%、90%的魔芋葡甘聚糖,研究复合体系的糊化及流变性质。结果表明随着魔芋葡甘聚糖脱乙酰度增加,复合体系的糊化温度略向高温移动,从66.0 ℃增加至66.5 ℃,糊化焓值从10.1 J/g下降至8.9 J/g。静态流变学实验表明,脱乙酰魔芋葡甘聚糖-马铃薯淀粉体系为假塑性非牛顿流体,呈现明显剪切稀化现象。Power-law方程拟合发现,随着魔芋葡甘聚糖脱乙酰程度增大,复合体系稠度系数k值从128.8上升至694.4,流动特性指数n值从0.4711下降至0.3879。动态流变学实验表明,当魔芋葡甘聚糖脱乙酰度从20%增加至90%,复合体系凝胶强度的An值从236.7增加至2468.9。说明高脱乙酰度魔芋葡甘聚糖对马铃薯淀粉凝胶强度贡献明显。     

不同木薯淀粉对冻融魔芋葡甘聚糖凝胶特性的比较分析

为探究不同木薯淀粉对冻融魔芋葡甘聚糖凝胶的影响,采用木薯淀粉（cassava starch,CS）、木薯醋酸酯淀粉（starch acetate,SA）、木薯乙酰化二淀粉己二酸酯淀粉（acetylated di-starch adipate,ADA）、木薯乙酰化二淀粉磷酸酯淀粉（acetylated di-starch phosphate starch,ADP）四种市售淀粉代替37.5%魔芋葡甘聚糖（konjac glucomannan,KGM）,制备冻融脱乙酰KGM/淀粉复合凝胶。通过质构仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪、热重分析仪、冷场扫描电镜分析其凝胶特性的变化。结果表明,4种木薯淀粉可以改善冻融KGM凝胶的凝胶特性,但不同木薯淀粉间存在差异,KGM/ADP凝胶表现出最优的保水性和热稳定性,与KGM凝胶相比,其析水率从29.75%下降至8.71%,持水率从73.68%提高至87.42%,硬度从274.36 g下降至176.33 g,弹性、内聚性及回复性无显著差异;不同木薯淀粉均未影响葡甘聚糖的脱乙酰行为和结晶形态,但ADP可以改变冻融KGM凝胶微观形貌,提高其抗脱水收缩能力。综合分析,ADP代替部分魔芋葡甘聚糖改善冻融KGM凝胶特性效果最佳,为其在魔芋凝胶食品的应用提供指导。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖的特性、保健功能及作用

魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)是一种高分子量的水溶性膳食纤维，具有多种良好的食品学特性，其保健功能也越来越受到医学界和食品界的重视。综述了魔芋葡甘聚糖的特性、保健功能以及国内外在食品、农业、工业等方面利用魔芋葡甘聚糖的现状。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖的生理功效综述

魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)是从魔芋块茎中分离出的一种多糖类膳食纤维。适量摄入葡甘聚糖可以抑制身体对糖和脂肪的过量吸收,改善生理代谢,因此KGM作为食品添加剂和膳食补充剂有很大的应用前景。文章从抗糖尿病、减肥降脂、益生元活性和抗炎症活性几个方面对KGM的生理功效及机理进行了综述。     

羧甲基化处理对魔芋葡甘聚糖成膜性能影响的研究

本文通过对反应时间、温度及乙酸钠的用量,制备出不同取代度的羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖,选取最接近取代度0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5的样品进行制膜并测定其机械性能及表征,筛选出最适制膜的取代度。最终确定取代度0.2980为最适制膜的取代度,此时对应的改性魔芋葡甘聚糖膜的拉伸强度为21.43 k Pa,断裂伸长率为32.1%,水蒸气透过系数和水蒸气透过率分别为8.9 g·mm/m2d·k Pa和11.4 g/h·m2,油脂氧化值为15.81 meq/kg。借助傅里叶红外光谱和扫描电镜的分析,进一步验证了魔芋葡甘聚糖羧甲基反应的发生及对成膜微观结构的影响。与未羧甲基化的膜相比,改性后膜的性能得到了很大的改善,为今后可食性魔芋葡甘聚糖薄膜的研究提供一定的技术基础。     

玉米淀粉/壳聚糖/魔芋葡甘露聚糖复合膜的制备及物性研究

以玉米淀粉、壳聚糖、魔芋葡甘露聚糖(KGM)为成膜基材。通过研究成膜配方中壳聚糖与KGM质量比、玉米淀粉、甘油、吐温-80等材料的质量分数对复合抗拉强度(TS)、断裂伸长率(EAB)、水蒸气透过系数(WVP)和不透明度(Opacity)的影响,以主成分分析法计算复合膜综合分为评价指标,利用正交实验对复合膜成膜配方进行优化。结果表明:当壳聚糖与KGM质量比1.0∶0.6、玉米淀粉质量分数10%、甘油质量分数0.50%、吐温-80质量分数0.30%时,复合膜TS为(22.53±0.16)MPa,EAB为(20.07±1.18)%,WVP为(1.87±0.01)×10~(-12)g·cm~(-1)·s~(-1)·Pa~(-1),不透明度为(4.13±0.07)mm~(-1),复合膜性能最优。     

Modification of the microstructural and physical properties of konjac glucomannan-based films by alkali and sodium carboxymethylcellulose

Edible films were cast from konjac glucomannan (KGM) solutions, with or without added alkali (KOH) and/or sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). Four types of KGM-based films (KGM, KGM–KOH, KGM–CMC and KGM–CMC–KOH) were produced and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), moisture sorption, water vapour permeability (WVP), and tensile tests. Tensile properties were studied as a function of water activity (a_w) over the range from 0.22 to 0.84. SEM revealed that films, with and without KOH, exhibited cross-sectional lamellar structures running perpendicular and parallel, respectively, to the film surface. Alkali treatment produced films with enhanced crystallinity, lower water-sorptive capacity (WSC) and WVP, and higher tensile properties. These effects were attributed to alkaline deacetylation of KGM molecules which permitted greater intermolecular interactions. The presence of CMC appeared to suppress crystallinity of native KGM films, but enhanced that of deacetylated KGM films. Films incorporating CMC exhibited higher WSC and WVP, but variable tensile properties depending on alkali treatment and a_w. The tensile properties of all KGM-based films were profoundly affected by a_w. Tensile modulus (TM) of all films were antiplasticized as a_w was increased from 0.22 to 0.43, but tensile strength (TS) was generally plasticized by water. Tensile elongation of KGM, KGM–KOH, and KGM–CMC–KOH films was generally much less sensitive to water. However, KGM–CMC films exhibited minimum elongation, attributed to antiplasticization by water, over the intermediate a_w range from 0.43 to 0.69. KGM–CMC–KOH films exhibited the highest TM and TS at any particular a_w.     

Characterisation of composite films made of konjac glucomannan (KGM), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and lipid

Emulsion films prepared from konjac glucomannan (KGM), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), with and without alkali (KOH), were characterised for selected properties such as morphological characteristics, water vapour permeability (WVP), water sorptive capacity and tensile properties. It was found that smaller lipid globules, with a homogeneous distribution, increased the apparent hydrophobicity and “tortuosity” of an emulsion film for water molecule transmission, thereby resulting in reduced WVP. This was achieved when alkaline deacetylated KGM and CMC were served as the base polymers for the emulsion, with the latter functioning as an emulsifier. Interactions between deacetylated KGM and CMC resulted in a stable emulsion.     

脱乙酰魔芋葡甘聚糖性质及其脂类结合能力研究

采用红外及X-衍射等分析手段表征魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)与脱乙酰魔芋葡甘聚糖(Da-KGM)结构并比较其持水性和粘度,以纤维素为对照,采用体外模拟人体胃及肠道的pH环境,对比分析KGM及Da-KGM对脂肪及胆固醇的吸附能力。结果显示KGM脱乙酰基后1733 cm~(-1)处的乙酰基的特征吸收峰消失,结晶度增加,持水性下降83.7%,高粘度特性丧失;相比纤维素,KGM具有良好的脂肪及胆固醇吸附能力,其吸附总量随样品质量、吸附时间和胆固醇浓度的增加而增大,与天然KGM相比,Da-KGM的脂肪及胆固醇吸附能力降低,可能是因为KGM脱除乙酰基后KGM分子链间氢键作用加强致使与脂类结合位点减少,以及高粘度特性消失致使对脂类的直接包裹能力下降,提示KGM经脱乙酰加工成魔芋食品后在肠道与脂类的结合能力下降,其减肥降脂的生理功效可能受到影响。     

脱乙酰基魔芋葡甘聚糖可食性膜材料研究

魔芋葡甘聚糖脱乙酰改性后成膜,与未改性膜相比,改性膜的强度、抗水性及耐洗刷性显著提高。用红外光谱、X-射线和扫描电镜分析了膜的结构,阐明了结构和功能的关系,并对改性膜作了常温涂膜保鲜实验,结果表明,改性膜对果蔬有一定保鲜作用。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖/乙基纤维素/玉米醇溶蛋白复合膜的制备与性能表征

本文在前期魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)与乙基纤维素(EC)复合膜的研究基础上,将玉米醇溶蛋白(zein)添加到KGM/EC复合膜液中,以流延方式制备了KGM/EC/zein三元复合膜。通过固定总固形物和较强疏水性成分EC的含量,研究了zein和KGM的含量变化对复合膜的微观结构、力学性能和耐水性能的影响。激光共聚焦显微镜、扫描电镜和显微红外结果表明,当zein添加量为总固形物含量的3%～9%时(对应KGM含量为67%～61%),成膜液和复合膜中各组分分布较为均匀,相容性较好,制备的复合膜微观结构致密。与K₇₀E₃₀复合膜相比,其耐水性能显著提高(P<0.05)。当KGM:EC:zein的固形物比例为64:30:6时,制备的复合膜性质最佳,其拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、水接触角、溶胀率和可溶性固体损失率分别为72.93 MPa、16.39%、104.2°、502.21%、15.50%。本研究为多糖/蛋白基复合可食膜的开发提供了参考。     

响应面优化魔芋葡甘聚糖膜力学性能研究

水相中溶致魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)流延干燥成膜,分析膜的力学特性。筛选并确定KGM 质量浓度、制备温度、制备时间、静置时间、干燥温度5 个因素的中心组合试验设计,以拉伸强度为考察指标,采用响应面优化KGM 膜的制备工艺。结果表明：5 个因素对膜的拉伸强度均有显著影响,依次为KGM 质量浓度＞制备温度＞静置时间＞干燥温度＞制备时间,且最优条件为2.19g/100mL KGM、60.0℃搅拌190min、静置156min、51.1℃干燥。制备的膜表面平整光滑,拉伸强度最佳,耐水性较好。     

Properties of konjac glucomannan–whey protein isolate blend films

Edible composite packaging has been developed by blending biocomponents for specific applications, aiming to take advantage of complementary functional properties or to overcome their respective flaws. The aim of this work was to study the effect of incorporation of whey protein isolate (WPI) on the properties of konjac glucomannan (KGM) based films. Five aqueous solutions of KGM and/or WPI were prepared by casting and solvent evaporation of 1:0, 0.8:3.4, 0.6:3.6, 0.4:3.8 and 0:4.2 g KGM:g WPI/100 g solution. Glycerol (Gly) was used as a plasticizer at 1.5 and 1.8 g/100 g solution. The result showed that incorporated WPI proportionally increased transparency of KGM-based films. An increase in proportion of WPI resulted in decreased tensile strength and elastic modulus as well as improved flexibility. The incorporation of WPI into the KGM matrix led to an increase in water insolubility which enhanced product integrity and water resistance. Nevertheless, WPI did not improve water vapor barrier of KGM–WPI films. WPI and blend film with the highest concentration of WPI could be heat sealed at 175 °C. Overall, the range of Gly in this study did not apparently affect properties of the films.