亚稳奥氏体和微合金元素对冷轧高强汽车钢性能的影响

介绍了亚稳奥氏体和微合金元素（Nb、V）对TRIP钢、TWIP钢和Q＆P钢等冷轧高强汽车钢性能的影响。主要包括调控冷轧高强汽车钢亚稳奥氏体组织的成分体系和连续退火工艺、亚稳奥氏体组织特征及测量方法,及其对高强汽车钢强塑积、拉伸曲线形状等性能的影响等。同时介绍了微合金元素（V、Nb）对冷轧高强汽车钢成形性、强度等级、延迟断裂等个性化性能的影响。     

热处理工艺对ЭП866合金组织和性能的影响

研究了热处理工艺对ЭП866合金组织和冲击韧性、拉伸性能的影响.结果表明,随着固溶温度的升高,合金晶粒尺寸增加,铁素体长大,导致合金室温冲击韧性有所降低;而固溶温度升高又使奥氏体中合金元素固溶度增加,导致合金室温拉伸强度略有增加.随着回火温度升高,合金中碳化物析出增加,马氏体中合金元素的过饱和度降低,合金的室温冲击韧性有所升高,合金的室温拉伸强度略有降低.不同固溶处理温度和回火时间对合金组织和性能的影响不明显.     

微合金元素钒和铌对诱发针状铁素体的影响

 氧化物冶金是将非金属夹杂物变害为利，它是利用钢中高熔点粒子改善钢的组织，进而改善钢板焊接热影响区（HAZ）性能的有效手段。以DH36级船板钢为依托钢种，根据二维错配度理论，系统研究了不同微合金元素铌和钒对船板钢铸态组织中诱发奥氏体晶内针状铁素体(IAF)的影响。研究表明，根据错配度理论，微合金元素钒易于铌诱发IAF，但是当奥氏体向铁素体转变时，微合金元素钒的第二相粒子在钢中析出温度低、析出量少，所以微合金元素铌充分细化了钢的铸态组织、轧态及焊接HAZ组织，HAZ低温冲击韧性约为微合金元素钒的4倍，达到工业化生产大线能量焊接用钢板的要求。     

Nb微合金化汽车用TWIP钢的研究进展

汽车是日常生活中主要交通工具之一,其用钢质量的优劣直接关系到汽车本身及乘坐人员的安全,因此研发高性能汽车用钢至关重要。微合金化是有效改善汽车用钢性能的手段之一,微合金元素铌可细化晶粒,提高材料的强韧性及氢致延迟断裂性能,备受研究者的青睐。总结了微合金元素铌对汽车用TWIP钢组织的影响,综述了铌对汽车TWIP钢力学性能、耐磨性能及抗氢致延迟断裂性能等的作用及相应机制,并提出了现阶段铌微合金化汽车用TWIP钢研究过程中存在的问题,为后续低成本、高效地发挥铌元素在高强度汽车钢中的应用提供参考依据。     

热处理对Ti微合金钢组织性能的影响

采用OM、SEM、拉伸及冲击试验等方法,对比研究了淬火温度对Ti微合金高强钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明,热处理后钢获得板条马氏体组织,随着淬火温度的升高,奥氏体化越充分,碳化物及合金元素溶解充分,强硬度增加;当加热温度过高,碳化物聚集长大,晶粒度过大,降低强硬度;冲击功随淬火温度升高则呈现下降趋势,即韧性降低。     

残留奥氏体对中碳双相钢冲击性能的影响

采用不同的热处理工艺研究了残留奥氏体对中碳双相钢冲击韧性的影响。利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜和摆锤式冲击试验机,对不同试样的显微组织与冲击韧性进行观察、检测和分析。试验结果表明：中碳贝氏体钢的冲击性能显著高于Q/P马氏体钢（室温冲击功是57J对应15J,-40℃冲击功是33J对应9J）,可能的原因是贝氏体钢中薄膜状残留奥氏体,对裂纹扩展的阻止效应更显著。     

热轧含Ti微合金钢拉伸性能及冲击韧性的改善

为研究Ti对热轧钢板拉伸和冲击性能的影响，利用热轧试验机组对不同成分体系含Ti微合金钢采用不同的轧制工艺进行轧制试验，并采用OM、SEM、拉伸和冲击试验等方法对试验钢的微观组织和力学性能进行表征与测试。结果表明，低碳钢中加入一定量的Ti,可以显著提高钢的强度，但同时也会导致钢的冲击韧性明显降低。钢中析出的大颗粒的TiN和粗大的铁素体晶粒是导致含Ti微合金钢冲击韧性恶化的主要因素。通过在含Ti微合金钢中加入Nb,采用Ti-Nb复合强化，同时配合840℃低温终轧和560℃低温卷取工艺，可显著改善含Ti微合金的冲击韧性，使钢板获得高强、高韧的综合性能。     

汽车用TWIP钢的基础研究现状

 概述了汽车用孪晶诱导塑性钢(TWIP)的基础研究现状及进展,介绍了TWIP钢不同成分配比与力学性能的关系,不同合金元素对TWIP钢组织及性能的影响,TWIP效应产生机理,以及不同温度、应变速率和加工工艺对TWIP钢组织和性能的影响。     

Nb、Ti微合金元素对高强结构钢Q690D冲击韧性的影响

利用冲击试验机、光学显微镜、扫描电镜研究了Nb、Ti等微合金元素对高强结构钢Q690D冲击韧性的影响。结果显示,钢种第2相粒子粗化和混晶导致冲击功降低,将钢中Nb、Ti含量分别降低后,第2相粒子粗化和混晶现象显著改善,实验钢在-20 ℃下的冲击功提高至90 J以上。      

一种新型高冲击韧性钛合金Ti-64S

为满足石油、天然气、海洋等行业开采应用需求,本文在Ti-64(Ti-6Al-4V)钛合金基础上进行成分改型,形成了一种室温拉伸性能与Ti-64合金相当,且冲击韧性明显优于原合金的新型钛合金Ti-64S。投工业化Ti-64及Ti-64S铸锭以相同锻造及挤压工艺试验了10622mm挤压管材、Φ25mm棒材及35mm×72mm扁方,并进行了室温拉伸、冲击、断裂韧性、硬度等性能测试及比对。结果表明Ti-64S合金冲击韧性及断裂韧性优于Ti-64,强度、硬度与Ti-64相当。改型合金Ti-64S可完全满足石油等行业开采用P110钢级钢材强度及冲击韧性指标要求,实现以钛材替代该级别钢材,从而大大提高设备耐蚀性能,延长设备使用寿命。     

Effect of copper on microstructure and strength and ductility of low alloy wear resistance steel

The effect of copper on the microstructure and strength and ductility of low alloy wear resistance steels without copper and copper bearing was studied. The CCT curve was calculated by JmatPro software. The microstructure was analyzed by OM and TEM and the mechanical properties and ductility were tested by universal tensile testing machine and impact testing machine. The results show that the element of copper increases the stability of austenite and the transformation of ferrite and pearlite is postponed for the copper bearing steel. The microstructure is composed of matensite and lower bainite for the experimental steels and the content of martensite of the steel bearing copper is higher than the steel without copper. There are nano- size precipitations of (Nb,Ti)C and (Nb,Ti,Mo)C in the matrix of the two steels. The yield strength and the impact energy at -60?? of the steel with 0. 49 mass% copper is higher than that of the steel without copper. The element of copper is benefit to improve strength and low temperature ductility for the low alloy resistant steel.     

Twinning-Induced Plasticity Aided High Ductile Duplex Stainless Steel

Extended ductility over 70 pct was realized in duplex stainless steel by implementing twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP). The steel also exhibited the tensile strength over 800 MPa. The steel chemistry was designed so that the stacking fault energy of austenite was high enough to induce TWIP during deformation. After the initial decrease, the strain hardening rate increased at high tensile strains above ~30 pct. The microstructures of austenite at such high strains were manifested by well-developed primary twins and nanotwins between them, which effectively block dislocation motion. This observation ensures that extended ductility and high strength of a newly designed duplex stainless steel are originated from TWIP in austenite.     

回火温度对20SiMnMo高强度钢微观组织与力学性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、洛氏硬度计、万能力学试验机以及冲击试验机研究了950℃淬火220℃、240℃、260℃、280℃、300℃和320℃3 h回火试验对20SiMnMo高强度钢（/%:0.22C,0.80Si,1.00Mn,0.40Mo,0.72Cr,0.20Ni）微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着回火温度的升高,试验钢的硬度、强度不断下降,伸长率、室温冲击功先升高再降低。当260℃回火时,试验钢具有均匀细长的板条马氏体组织,其强塑韧综合力学性能最佳:硬度值44.8HRC、AKV2冲击功75.3 J、抗拉强度1 278 MPa、屈服强度1 210 MPa、伸长率15.5%。     

Static Tensile Deformation Behaviors of an Fe-30Mn-3Al-3Si TWIP Steel Studied by In-Situ Neutron Diffraction

TWIP (TWinning Induced Plasticity) steel is one of the advanced steels with attractive mechanical properties.The typical composition of TWIP steel includes a large amount of manganese with some aluminum and silicon.Previous study has shown that TWIP steel exhibits high strength with adequate elongation at high strain rates,so that TWIP steel is desired to be applied for automotive use.However,there are few studies concerning the deformation behaviors aimed to make clear the TWIP effect in TWIP steel.In this study,static tensile deformation behaviors of an Fe-30Mn-3Al-3Si TWIP steel and a SUS310S one were studied by in situ neutron diffraction during tensile deformation.In terms of mechanical properties obtained by the static tensile tests,the TWIP steel showed better balance of tensile strength and uniform elongation than the 310S steel.The angular dispersion neutron diffraction with a wavelength of 0.16 nm was performed during stepwise tensile testing by using a neutron diffractometer for residual stress analysis (RESA) at the Japan Atomic Energy Agency.A specimen was extended in a step by step manner and neutron diffraction profiles of (111),(200) and (311) for austenite were obtained at each step.The diffraction peak,lattice plane spacing,lattice plane strain and so on were determined by the profile analysis as a function of applied stress.The changes of lattice plane strain for austenite in the TWIP and 310S steels indicated several deformation stages in the tensile deformation and can be discussed the difference of intergranular stress between the two samples.     

固溶温度对节约型双相不锈钢TRIP/TWIP行为的影响

 通过微拉伸、电子背散射（EBSD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）等手段,研究了具有亚稳奥氏体相的节约型双相不锈钢在1 000～1 200 ℃范围内不同固溶温度下的组织与性能的演变规律;探讨了固溶温度对形变诱导塑性（TRIP/TWIP）的作用机制。结果表明,随着固溶温度的升高,抗拉强度与伸长率均先升高后降低,而亚稳奥氏体相比例由74%（1 000 ℃）降低到37%（1 200 ℃）;1 050 ℃固溶时,试验钢表现出最佳综合性能,抗拉强度达到960 MPa,伸长率达到62%,强塑积达到60 GPa·%。在经拉伸变形的微观结构中形变诱导马氏体与形变孪晶共存,表明试验钢中亚稳奥氏体相的变形机制主要受TRIP及TWIP共同控制,从而导致其塑性变形过程呈现多阶段应变硬化特征,而钢中铁素体相的变形机制主要变形为位错的滑移。     

In-situ analysis of retained austenite transformation in high-performance micro-alloyed TRIP steel

Microstructures and mechanical properties of Ti-V micro-alloyed TRIP( transformation-induced plasticity) steel with different compositions were investigated by tensile test,scanning electron microscopy( SEM),transmission electron microscopy( TEM),X-ray diffraction( XRD) and thermodynamic calculation( TC). The results indicated that the steel exhibited high ultimate tensile strength( 1 079MPa),sufficient ductility( 28%) and the highest product of strength and ductility( 30 212 MPa·%) heat treated after intercritical annealing at 800℃ for 3 min and bainitic annealing at 430 ℃ for 5 min. In addition,the change of volume fraction of retained austenite( VF-RA) versus tensile strain was measured using in-situ analysis by X-ray stress apparatus and micro-electronic universal testing machine. It was concluded that a-value could be used to evaluate the stability of retained austenite( S-RA) in the investigated Ti-V micro-alloyed TRIP steel. The smaller a-value indicated the higher stability of retained austenite( S-RA) and the higher mechanical properties of Ti-V micro-alloyed TRIP steel.     

硼元素对FB2钢组织和力学性能的影响

 为了研究硼含量对FB2钢组织和力学性能的影响,先对5组不同硼含量的FB2钢用维乐试剂(1 g苦味酸+5 mL盐酸+100 mL无水乙醇)浸泡腐蚀90 s后进行形貌观察与分析。通过SEM-EDS观察分析基体中M₂₃C₆型碳化物,然后用Image-pro plus软件对析出相的尺寸进行分析。接着采用日本岛津制造所生产的AG-XPLUS 100 kN万能试验机,对5组不同硼含量的FB2钢进行室温拉伸试验和室温冲击试验。最后对5组不同硼含量的FB2钢进行组织和力学性能的分析。结果表明,FB2钢中的硼元素可以抑制M₂₃C₆型碳化物的长大粗化,但是硼元素易于与氮元素形成BN夹杂物。随着硼含量的增加,M₂₃C₆型碳化物的平均尺寸呈现降低的趋势,BN夹杂物的单位数量和平均尺寸呈现增大的趋势。FB2钢的室温拉伸性能随着硼含量的增加先升高后降低,并且在硼质量分数为0.010%时FB2钢的室温拉伸性能达到最强。当硼质量分数由0增加到0.010%时,FB2钢的室温拉伸性能升高,这是由于硼元素的加入抑制了M₂₃C₆型碳化物的粗化,从而提升了FB2的强度;当硼质量分数由0.010%增加到0.030%时,FB2钢的室温拉伸性能降低是由于硼元素与氮元素结合形成了BN夹杂物,引起应力集中,且大尺寸的BN夹杂物诱发了孔洞的形成,降低了FB2钢的性能。FB2钢的冲击功随着硼含量的增加呈现降低的趋势,且当硼质量分数为0.020%和0.030%时,冲击功出现了骤降,这是由BN夹杂物的单位数量、平均尺的上升和大尺寸BN及杂物的析出导致的。     

相变时间对CSP热轧TRIP钢组织和性能的影响

利用OM、SEM、XRD、EBSD和室温拉伸试验机等研究了CSP热轧TRIP钢中间缓冷时间及贝氏体等温时间对组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着中间缓冷时间的延长,试验钢中的铁素体和残余奥氏体体积分数增加,贝氏体体积分数减少;抗拉强度基本不变,屈服强度逐渐降低,断后伸长率和强塑积变化不明显。中间缓冷时间为6 s时,可满足CSP产线的要求。对贝氏体相变时间的研究表明,当等温时间为15 min时,试验钢中的残余奥氏体主要分布于铁素体/铁素体界面、铁素体/贝氏体界面以及贝氏体中,体积分数约为7.1%,表现出良好的TRIP效应。其抗拉强度、屈服强度、断后伸长率和强塑积分别达到744.0 MPa、522.5 MPa、29.3%和21.8 GPa·%,力学性能最优。当等温时间延长至50 min时,试验钢中的贝氏体含量增加,残余奥氏体体积分数减少至2.7%,强塑积明显下降。     

Effect of thermal cycling on the mechanical properties of 350-grade maraging steel

The effects of retained austenite produced by thermal cycling on the mechanical properties of a precipitation-hardened 350-grade commercial maraging steel were examined. The presence of retained austenite caused decreases in the yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and effected a significant increase in the tensile ductility. Increased impact toughness was also produced by this treatment. The mechanical stability of retained austenite was evaluated by tension and impact tests at subambient temperatures. A deformation-induced transformation of the austenite was manifested as load drops on the load-elongation plots at subzero temperatures. This transformation imparts excellent low-temperature ductility to the material. A wide range of strength, ductility, and toughness can be obtained by subjecting the steel to thermal cycling before the precipitation-hardening treatment.     

Production of Ultrahigh-Strength and High-Ductility TWIP Steel by Precipitation of β-Mn during Large Deformation during Warm-Rolling

Herein, twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel having large deformation is rolled at different rolling temperatures to improve the tensile strength and retain a certain plastic deformation capacity. Based on X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope analysis, β-Mn is found as the precipitate at the grain boundary during the warm-rolling process (500–650 °C). To investigate the impact of β-Mn on the tensile properties, the microstructure of the TWIP steel rolled at the temperature value of 600 °C is observed by carrying out electron backscatter diffraction and scanning electron microscope measurements. The intergranular β-Mn phase can help the material to accumulate geometric necessary dislocation (GND) density, inhibit crack propagation, as well as improve the strength and plasticity of the material. Once TWIP steel is warm-rolled above the temperature value of 600 °C, and serrated flow appears in the tensile process, which is also conducive to improving the material properties.