浅谈啤酒中的风味物质

本文主要阐述了啤酒中各类呈味物质对酒体风味的影响。     

泡沫与啤酒风味

通过感官评价和理化分析,研究了影响啤酒发泡和啤酒风味的各种原因。倒酒方式不仅会影响发泡,在确定口味特征(如刚倒出啤酒的口感和适口性)方面也起重要作用。理化分析证明,CO_2溢出程度不同会影响啤酒风味,啤酒挥发性组分损失以及苦味物质与残留CO_2混合也会影响啤酒风味。     

影响啤酒风味物质简述

影响啤酒风味的物质可分为醇、酯、碳基化合物、酸、含硫化合物、胺（挥发性）和酚基化合物等。产生这种物质主要来源是麦芽、谷物辅料、酒花、酵母的发酵等。主要阐述了由于发酵作用而产生的影响啤酒风味的形成机理。双乙酰也是影响酒风味的重要原因之一。     

影响啤酒风味物质简述

影响啤酒风味的物质可分为：醇、酯、羰基化合物、酸、含硫化合物、胺（挥发性）和酚基化合物等，而来源于产生于这种物质主要是：麦芽、谷物辅料、酒花、酵母的发酵等，这里主要阐述由于发酵作用而产生的影响啤酒风味的形成机理，当然双乙酸也是影响啤酒风味的重要原因之一。     

啤酒中的风味物质及其防止啤酒风味老化的措施

通过对啤酒中的风味物质及其阈值的分析,研究了防止啤酒风味老化的措施。     

浅谈啤酒酿造过程中的风味物质

麦汁经过发酵，其主要代跚产物是乙醇和二氧化碳，同时还产生了一系列代谢副产物。这些副产物，虽然比例很小，除去少量异味外，却是构成啤酒风味不呵缺少的物质。但是这些微量物质超过一定范围，也会造成啤酒口味上的缺陷。啤酒酿造者要掌握好这些不同风味阈值的微量成分，在其共同作用下，必将呈现使人们乐于接受的良好啤酒风格。     

啤酒中一些物质的风味特征

本文中叙述了对啤酒风味有影响的一些醇、有机酸、酯、含硫化合物及其它风味物质的含量、阀值、风味特征。     

啤酒风味物质对啤酒风味的影响及控制的研究

啤酒中微量风味物质的含量及正确配伍,赋予了啤酒最佳的口味。讨论了风味物质的影响及其相应的控制。     

啤酒中挥发性风味物质的分析及风味评价

应用气相色谱定量分析啤酒中的挥发性风味物质如醇类,酯类,连二酮,含硫化合物等,通过风味强度进行风味特征评价及风味差别度的判别,达到控制质量的目的,结合应用GC－MS,气相色谱－气味测定法（GCO）,电子自旋共振（ESR）等技术对啤酒,酿造过程及原料中的风味化合物和异味组分进行测定的探讨。     

食品中挥发性硫化物的研究进展

挥发性硫化合物对食品中的特征风味或异味的产生具有重要的影响。该文综述了食品中挥发性硫化物的主要结构类型、性质、生成路径、提取方法和分析检测技术及其感官特性,为食品的风味特性、异味的研究及硫化物的深度开发利用提供参考。     

浅议发酵副产物对啤酒风味的影响及改进措施

从不同的发酵工艺会对啤酒风味造成不同的影响，提出如何通过合理的工艺操作来控制影响啤酒风味的物质的含量，从而保证啤酒的风味稳定圆满。     

IPA啤酒中酒花香味物质的研究进展

随着啤酒工业的发展,印度浅色爱尔啤酒（IPA）越来越受消费者的欢迎。酒花赋予啤酒丰富的风味,IPA啤酒的突出特点是酒花香味丰富。该文对IPA中酒花香味物质及其对IPA啤酒香味的影响和其在发酵过程中的变化的最新研究做了全面综述,同时探讨了酒花干投和湿投对IPA口味的影响,并介绍了目前酒花香味物质的分析方法,为今后酒花香气研究者提供参考,以推动啤酒行业发展。     

挥发性风味化合物抑菌研究进展

许多挥发性风味化合物具有良好的抑菌能力。文章简要综述了各类挥发性风味化合物的抑菌机理、抑菌能力等最新研究进展,并进行了讨论和展望。     

啤酒色泽研究进展

人类对颜色的感觉是一个微妙而复杂的过程,色彩能引起人们多样的情感和心理效应。啤酒能否让消费者喜欢,啤酒色泽起着很重要的作用。该文对啤酒色泽的形成机理,影响啤酒色泽形成的因素、改进啤酒色泽的工艺措施以及啤酒色度测定方法等方面进行了综述,以期为新品种啤酒的研究开发提供帮助。     

多酚物质对啤酒稳定性的影响

多酚物质对啤酒稳定性的影响主要表现在它的氧化还原性及与蛋白质结合能力上,啤酒的混浊主要为多酚及氧化产物与蛋白质的聚合物;所以多酚是影响啤酒的非生物稳定性的主要物质之一。另一方面多酚物质又是构成啤酒风味的主要物质,它具有氧化还原性直接影响啤酒的风味稳定性。提出了合理控制多酚物质的手段。     

茅台啤酒风味物质超临界萃取GC-MS分析研究

采用超临界萃取,以气相色谱-质谱法对茅台啤酒的风味物质进行定性分析.从茅台啤酒的超临界萃取物中分离了43种成分,鉴定了其中的36种成分,其相对含量占总离子峰的90.51%.结果表明,醇类和含羰基化合物是构成茅台啤酒风味的主要物质,其中醇类物质的相对含量高达56.529%,并以丙三醇的相对含量最高,达24.235%;而含羰基化合物的相对含量达44.219%,其中以有机酸类的相对含量最高,为19.228%.     

SPME-GC-MS detection of volatile compounds in apricot varieties

Aroma compounds of the eight Malatya apricot cultivars, six cultivars grown in the same breeding conditions from different locations and one hybrid cultivar were determined using SPME-GC-MS technique. In general, total concentration (sum of identified and unidentified peaks) of aroma compounds in Malatya apricot cultivars were lower than those others. Total concentration of aroma compounds were found to be in the range of 514 and 6232 μg/kg fresh weight. The main volatiles of apricot cultivars were aldehydes, alcohols, acetates, esters, terpenes and acids. Among these compounds; ethanol, hexanal, hexyl acetate, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (E)-2-hexenyl acetate, 1-hexanol, (Z)-3-hexenol and (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, were present in all cultivars studied at certain levels.     

Industrial orange juice debittering: effect on volatile compounds and overall quality attributes

This study was aimed to analyse the impact of the debittering process (DP) in the overall sensory properties of orange juice (OJ) (Citrus sinensis L. Var. Salustiana). The fresh industrial squeezed orange juice (FOJ) and the corresponding OJ after the DP (DOJ) were taken. No significant differences were found in acidity, pH and total soluble solids. Colour was evaluated by image analysis (DigiEye System). Hue and lightness were lower (more reddish and darker) after debittering (P < 0.001). Odour profile (limonene, α‐pinene, ethyl butanoate, octanal, linalool, citral and terpineol) decreased significantly (from 16% to 61% on average) as well as total phenolic compounds measured by Folin–Ciocalteu (P < 0.05). The influence of the debittering on the perceived colour, smell and taste was evaluated by paired comparison tests. The naïve panellists found significant differences not only in taste but also in colour and aroma between FOJ and DOJ; however, preference was not clear.     

Application of TCATA to examine variation in beer perception due to thermal taste status

Thermal taste status (TTS) describes a phenotype whereby some individuals experience a thermally-induced taste on thermal stimulation of the tongue (thermal tasters; TTs) and some do not (thermal non-tasters; TnTs). TTs experience a range of orosensations elicited by aqueous solutions and some beverages more intensely than TnTs. Whether this extends throughout ingestion duration is unknown, despite the fact that the evolution of flavour on the palate is a key component of consumer acceptance of food/beverages. We sought to use temporal-check-all-that-apply (TCATA) to determine how beer perception varies with TTS. A secondary aim was to investigate the effects of serving temperature and a concurrent auditory cue on TCATA responses and how these may interact with TTS. Forty-one female participants (21 TTs, 20 TnTs) were trained to identify seven dominant sensations elicited by a de-alcoholized beer (astringent, bitter, carbonation, fruity/hops, malty, sour, sweet). Beer samples were served in duplicate at either 6 °C or 21 °C with or without a concurrent auditory cue consisting of a sound clip of effervescence. TTs cited astringent and bitter more frequently than TnTs (p(F) ≤ 0.01), and the area under the curve (AUC) was greater for TTs for several sensations (p(t) < 0.05). Samples served at 6 °C had higher carbonation citation frequencies (p(F) < 0.001) and AUC at 0–30 s (p(t) < 0.001) and 30.1–60 s (p(t) < 0.05) than the warmer samples, with responses for astringent following a same pattern. AUC for carbonation and astringent varied within the sound conditions at 0–30 s (p(t) < 0.05). Overall, these results show that the ‘taste’ advantage of TTs extends to beer, and that temporal methods are needed to more fully describe consumer variation.