浅论GH625合金焊缝的焊后热处理工艺

GH625合金是一种用Cr、Mo固溶强化的镍基合金,采用合适的热处理能促使晶界碳化物析出,在较小范围内可以增加合金的强度.在焊接结构中,热影响区溶合线附近的碳化物溶解和残余应力的恶化作用能使应力腐蚀开裂敏感,存在降低焊件中的残余应力和降低应力腐蚀开裂倾向.降低残余应力常用的方法是焊后热处理,合适的热处理工艺能使晶界碳化物再生,同时焊接残余应力也被降低.     

浅论GH625合金焊缝的时后热处理工艺

GH625合金是一种用Cr、Mo固溶强化的镍基合金,采用合适的热处理通促使晶界碳化物析出,在较小范围内可以增加合金的强度,在焊接结构中,热影响区溶合一附近的碳化物溶解和残余应力的恶化作用能使应务腐蚀开裂敏感,存在降低焊件中的残余应力和降低应力腐蚀开裂倾向,降低残余应力常用的方法是焊后热处理,合适的热处理工艺能便晶界碳化物再生,同时焊接残余应力也被降低。     

浅论GH625合金焊缝的焊后热处理工艺

ＧＨ６２５合金是一种用Ｃｒ、Ｍｏ固溶强化的镍基合金,彩合适的热处理能促使晶界碳化物析出,在较小范围内可以增加合金强度。在焊接结构中,热影响区溶合线附近的碳化物溶解和残余应力的恶化作用能使应力腐蚀开裂敏感,存在降低焊件中的残余应力和降低应力腐蚀开裂倾向。降低残余应力 方法是焊后热处理,合适的热处理工艺能使晶界碳化物再生,同时焊接残余应力也被降低。     

用电子束焊接Ti3Al基金属间化合物

研究了电子束焊接工艺对Ti-23Al-17NbTi3Al基合金板材焊接质量的影响以及焊后热处理制度对焊件拉伸性能的影响.分析了热处理后熔合区成分及显微组织.结果表明,该合金具有良好的电子束焊接性能,焊接参数可在一定范围内调整,焊接速度对焊接质量的影响较大.发现未经焊后热处理熔合区的组织主要为β/B2相;在650℃拉伸时,断裂发生在熔合区,为沿晶断裂.经850℃×2 h焊后热处理,熔合区组织中有α2和O相析出,使合金获得了较好的综合力学性能.经750℃×2 h焊后热处理,热影响区转变为O相近等轴晶的粗大组织,致使合金的室温拉伸塑性下降.     

TC4钛合金MIG焊接头热处理后组织性能研究

对TC4钛合金MIG焊焊接接头进行焊后热处理,采用盲孔法、拉伸、冲击、金相、扫描等方法对接头进行试验与分析,研究不同热处理工艺对残余应力、组织和力学性能的影响.结果 表明:焊接接头经焊后热处理,横向残余应力和纵向残余应力平均值最大降为74.2 MPa和70.1 MPa;未热处理接头母材区为α+β片层组织,焊缝区为α针状马氏体组织,热影响区为α和α'混合组织.热处理后,随着热处理温度和时间的增加,焊缝组织中的针状α'马氏体粗化,晶粒尺寸增加;未热处理接头焊后拉伸断裂位置为母材处,接头强度高于母材.在650℃+2 h的热处理工艺下,接头延伸率较未热处理状态提高,断裂方式为韧性断裂,保温时间延长至3h,晶粒粗大、延伸率降低.接头室温冲击功焊后状态能够达到母材的95％,经焊后热处理后接头得到软化,室温冲击功相比焊后状态有所下降.     

超声冲击处理对TA15钛合金板材焊缝残余应力的影响

由于焊接过程中的温度分布不均匀,在焊接接头处会引入较大的残余应力,对焊接构件稳定性产生不利影响,超声冲击处理(UIT)则是常用的消除残余应力的方法。采用电子束焊接方式对3 mm厚TA15钛合金板材进行焊接,随后对焊接板材焊趾部位进行超声冲击处理。在光学显微镜下观察焊接接头的显微组织,利用X射线应力仪测量焊接接头的残余应力,研究超声冲击处理对焊接接头残余应力的影响。结果表明,对于TA15钛合金板材,电子束焊接接头呈"倒三角"形,焊缝处晶粒粗大;超声冲击处理能够降低焊缝表面的残余应力,并将残余拉应力转化为残余压应力。对焊趾部位超声冲击处理后,电子束焊接板材焊缝处的平均残余应力从200 MPa降低至-53 MPa。     

Q960超高强钢多道焊接头残余应力的数值研究

以Q960超高强钢为研究对象,基于有限元软件,建立热—冶金—力学有限元模型,模拟焊接温度场和残余应力分布.计算结果与接头截面熔池形貌和盲孔法测量的表面应力结果吻合良好,验证了有限元模型的准确性.基于验证模型,讨论和分析了考虑固态相变对Q960超高强钢多道重熔过程中表面及内部应力的分布特征.结果表明:考虑固态相变时,Q960超高强钢单道焊后,焊接接头以拉伸残余应力为主,峰值应力位于热影响区.同时,固态相变效应能够显著降低焊缝中残余应力的大小,以及显著影响横向残余应力的分布.此外,随着焊道数的增加,焊缝中心的横向残余应力呈"阶梯"趋势上升,且在热影响区位置出现局部压应力峰值.     

热处理对四代核电用镍基合金薄壁管组织与性能的影响

利用热力学计算软件JMatPro分析了钍基熔盐堆用Ni-Cr-Mo系高温合金GH3535相析出的热力学及动力学特征,研究了不同热处理制度对冷轧态GH3535合金无缝管的晶粒尺寸及其均匀性、碳化物析出特征、硬度、拉伸性能等的影响规律,观察了不同热处理制度下合金拉伸断口的微观形貌,分析了GH3535合金的拉伸断裂机制. 结果表明:在900~1500℃之间,GH3535合金的平衡析出相为富Mo的M₆C型碳化物,M₆C相在固液两相区时便已经开始形成,M₆C相析出所对应的鼻尖温度为1200℃;固溶温度低于1200℃时,合金晶粒尺寸缓慢长大,当固溶温度提高到1230℃,晶粒出现快速长大,平均晶粒尺寸达到160 μm;1180℃保温10 min,合金晶粒尺寸的均匀性较好. 随着固溶温度升高,合金强度降低、延伸率增加,GH3535合金的拉伸断裂机制为微孔聚集型.      

焊后热处理对沉淀硬化不锈钢15-7Mo焊接接头组织性能的影响

研究了4种不同的焊后热处理工艺对半奥氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢15-7Mo焊接接头组织性能的影响.结果表明:焊接接头不进行热处理或时效热处理的焊接系数低于0.7,焊接接头进行调整+时效热处理后的焊接系数可达0.9,而对焊接接头进行固溶+调整+时效热处理后焊接系数接近1.接头不进行热处理或者是仅时效热处理时,薄弱区为熔合线靠近母材的区域,组织为奥氏体和少量的铁素体.进行调整+时效热处理或固溶+调整+时效热处理时,熔合线靠近母材侧的组织为板条马氏体、少量的铁素体和沉淀析出相,焊缝的组织为板条马氏体和沉淀析出相,薄弱区消失,焊接系数大幅度提高.     

局部加载拉应力对圆柱薄壳焊接残余应力场分布的影响

采用有限元模拟技术,从理论上论证了通过局部加载减小焊接残余应力技术路线的可行性.比较了焊接过程中拉伸与焊后拉伸降低应力在机理上的不同,研究表明,焊接过程中拉伸远比焊后拉伸效果好.200 MPa外力拉伸时,焊后拉伸残余应力最大值由常规焊条件下的235 MPa降至90 MPa左右,焊接过程中拉伸残余应力最大值可降至30 MPa左右.     

40CrNiMoA钢同质焊条焊接接头组织和性能研究

分析了焊接电流70A、80A、90A对40CrNiMoA钢焊缝接头组织和力学性能的影响。随着焊接电流的增大,焊缝外观质量较好。随着焊接电流的增大,熔池区温度升高,奥氏体晶粒尺寸增大,导致马氏体组织粗大。焊缝的显微组织为马氏体及少量残余奥氏体。焊缝的硬度远高于母材的硬度,且波动较大。热影响区的硬度从母材向沿焊缝方向逐渐升高。焊接接头纵向应力在焊缝中心为压应力,向外压应力减小。焊接颜色区边界处纵向应力为拉应力,且该点拉应力最大。焊接接头横向应力在焊缝中心为拉应力,向外逐渐增大,焊接颜色区边界处变横向拉应力达到最大。焊接电流和热输入增大,降低了材料的韧性,组织中铁素体增多及焊接残余应力是诱发脆性断裂的原因。焊接电流80A是40CrNiMoA同质焊条平板对接焊接工艺的最佳的焊接电流。     

数值模拟在镁合金焊接接头深冷处理中的应用

利用所建立的有限元模型,对焊接接头进行深冷处理前后的温度场分析,再把模型转化成结构单元进行应力应变场分析。计算结果表明:深冷处理后,受焊接热源影响的焊缝及附近区域横向残余应力和纵向残余应力均增大,距焊缝较远的母材区产生了预压应力;深冷处理后,横向和纵向残余变形均减小。     

Microstructure and mechanical property correlations in AA 6061 aluminium alloy friction stir welds

The influence of friction stir welding on the microstructure development and its role on residual stress distribution in the weldment and mechanical properties has been investigated. The study also focused on the impact of post weld heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties as well as on residual stress distribution. The weld nugget region contained fine equiaxed grains as a result of thermo-mechanical working. Hardness survey showed that nugget region is soft due to precipitates dissolution. Weld joint exhibited lower strength as compared to the parent metal. Post weld Solution Treatment and Aging (STA) of longitudinal welds resulted in strength and ductility equivalent to that of parent metal while transverse weld tensile strength and ductility were lower than that of parent metal even after post weld STA. Residual stress distribution profiles across the weld region are asymmetric with respect to weld centerline, with the largest residual; stress gradients occurring on the advancing side of the weld. Within the region inside the shoulder diameter, residual stress is entirely compressive. Welds exhibited tensile residual stresses in post weld STA condition     

2A97铝锂合金搅拌摩擦焊焊缝的微观组织特征

对厚度为25 mm的T851态2A97铝锂合金进行搅拌摩擦焊焊接,利用显微硬度、金相显微镜(OM)和透射电镜(TEM)等对焊缝的显微硬度和微观组织进行研究.结果表明:接头基材硬度最高,热影响区和热机影响区硬度降低,焊缝中心硬度又升高,硬度最低位置在热影响区.焊核区发生动态再结晶,形成细小等轴的晶粒;焊核区S′相全部溶解,T1相儿乎全部溶解,在随后的冷却和时效过程中,焊核区析出GP区和细小弥散的δ′相;热影响区的T1相部分溶解,S′相全部溶解,析出θ"相、δ′相和δ′/β′的复合相.     

热输入对S43932超纯铁素体不锈钢焊接接头组织性能的影响

对1.0 mm厚度的S43932不锈钢冷轧板分别进行88、101、132、188 J/mm的钨极氩弧焊焊接,研究了焊接区的显微形貌和相组成。详细分析了垂直焊缝、平行焊缝和带缺口焊缝试样的拉伸性能及焊缝杯突试验结果,当热输入为101 J/mm时,焊接接头具有最佳的拉伸及成形性能匹配,之后随热输入＞101 J/mm,焊接接头抗拉强度和埃里克森杯突值急剧下降。焊接接头良好的力学性能与焊接区小尺寸晶粒的形成及大量富Ti(Nb,Ti)(C,N)相的析出有关。     

焊接钢管高频感应加热的残余应力和组织演变

 随着中国钢铁、冶金与电磁等交叉学科的快速发展,焊接钢管产量及质量日益提升。高频感应加热是生产焊接钢管的核心工序,获取更加精确的焊管高频加热过程的应力分布和微观组织演化规律,是进一步提升焊管品质的关键要素和学者们关切的问题。综合考虑热传导和微观组织转变对应力的影响,针对高频焊管特有的沙漏形热源形貌,定量分析了焊接热影响区微观组织演变过程和残余应力的分布规律,获得了考虑热应力和组织应力的残余应力分布。发现该应力特点为在焊缝附近轴向残余应力较大,最大等效残余应力出现在距焊缝中心1/2壁厚处的热影响区,在壁厚方向管材内部的中间层的残余应力较大,且应力分布与反映高频焊接热源形貌特征的加热温度峰值和加热温度宽度相关。而在焊缝中心处,未考虑组织变化的等效残余应力值是考虑组织变化的1.3倍。掌握焊管高频焊接应力和组织演变的特点和规律,可为优化高频焊接工艺提供理论依据,对提升高频焊管质量具有重要意义。     

预热对铍环激光束钎焊过程的影响研究

研究预热对铍环激光束钎焊过程温度场和应力场分布的影响。采用轴对称模型和热力解耦的有限元方法，并假定沉积到钎缝表面的激光束能量为Gauss分布，预热通过在焊接加热前添加一个能量密度低、有效加热半径大的单独工况实现。结果表明，预热使镀环钎缝外表面焊接最高温度增加，温度梯度减小，但焊深明显增加；采用预热工况焊接后，钎缝附近塑性变形区焊接残余应力明显减小，而热影响区残余应力增大。从整体分布来看，预热使铍环外表面焊接残余应力分布均匀化。对铍环外表面钎缝附近焊接残余应力进行X射线应力测试，并与有限元分析结果对比，二者应力变化趋势基本一致。     

Studies on Creep Deformation and Rupture Behavior of 316LN SS Multi-Pass Weld Joints Fabricated with Two Different Electrode Sizes

Effect of electrode size on creep deformation and rupture behavior has been assessed by carrying out creep tests at 923 K (650 °C) over the stress range 140 to 225 MPa on 316LN stainless steel weld joints fabricated employing 2.5 and 4 mm diameter electrodes. The multi-pass welding technique not only changes the morphology of delta ferrite from vermicular to globular in the previous weld bead region near to the weld bead interface, but also subjects the region to thermo-mechanical heat treatment to generate appreciable strength gradient. Electron backscatter diffraction analysis revealed significant localized strain gradients in regions adjoining the weld pass interface for the joint fabricated with large electrode size. Larger electrode diameter joint exhibited higher creep rupture strength than the smaller diameter electrode joint. However, both the joints had lower creep rupture strength than the base metal. Failure in the joints was associated with microstructural instability in the fusion zone, and the vermicular delta ferrite zone was more prone to creep cavitation. Larger electrode diameter joint was found to be more resistant to failure caused by creep cavitation than the smaller diameter electrode joint. This has been attributed to the larger strength gradient between the beads and significant separation between the cavity prone vermicular delta ferrite zones which hindered the cavity growth. Close proximity of cavitated zones in smaller electrode joint facilitated their faster coalescence leading to more reduction in creep rupture strength. Failure location in the joints was found to depend on the electrode size and applied stress. The change in failure location has been assessed on performing finite element analysis of stress distribution across the joint on incorporating tensile and creep strengths of different constituents of joints, estimated by ball indentation and impression creep testing techniques.     

Q420GJ钢双丝埋弧焊接试验

通过双丝埋弧焊接工艺性能试验、焊接接头力学性能试验及组织结构分析等,对Q420GJ钢的焊接性能及相关组织结构进行了研究。结果表明:焊接接头综合力学性能优良,接头抗拉强度达到590MPa,焊缝-40℃冲击功平均值KV2达到119J;热影响区的韧脆转变温度在-30℃附近;焊接接头过热区组织为贝氏体,焊缝中含有较多的针状铁素体。     

Effect of Activated Flux on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Residual Stresses of Modified 9Cr-1Mo Steel Weld Joints

A novel variant of tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding called activated-TIG (A-TIG) welding, which uses a thin layer of activated flux coating applied on the joint area prior to welding, is known to enhance the depth of penetration during autogenous TIG welding and overcomes the limitation associated with TIG welding of modified 9Cr-1Mo steels. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a specific activated flux for enhancing the depth of penetration during autogeneous TIG welding of modified 9Cr-1Mo steel. In the current work, activated flux composition is optimized to achieve 6 mm depth of penetration in single-pass TIG welding at minimum heat input possible. Then square butt weld joints are made for 6-mm-thick and 10-mm-thick plates using the optimized flux. The effect of flux on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and residual stresses of the A-TIG weld joint is studied by comparing it with that of the weld joints made by conventional multipass TIG welding process using matching filler wire. Welded microstructure in the A-TIG weld joint is coarser because of the higher peak temperature in A-TIG welding process compared with that of multipass TIG weld joint made by a conventional TIG welding process. Transverse strength properties of the modified 9Cr-1Mo steel weld produced by A-TIG welding exceeded the minimum specified strength values of the base materials. The average toughness values of A-TIG weld joints are lower compared with that of the base metal and multipass weld joints due to the presence of δ-ferrite and inclusions in the weld metal caused by the flux. Compressive residual stresses are observed in the fusion zone of A-TIG weld joint, whereas tensile residual stresses are observed in the multipass TIG weld joint.