共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 421 毫秒
1.
乙醇酸作为一种重要的精细有机合成中间体,来源广泛。天然产物水解法,或化学法、生物法反应可得到乙醇酸粗品。现阶段我国乙醇酸的生产技术已经成熟,然而分离提纯乙醇酸的技术相对滞后。乙醇酸的分离提纯成为研究的重点和难点。本文着重总结了乙醇酸的5种分离提纯方法,主要有蒸馏和精馏法、结晶和重结晶法、甲醇酯化水解法、电渗析分离法、溶剂萃取法,其中甲醇酯化水解法和溶剂萃取法应用较多。指出了各种方法所得乙醇酸的纯度及其不足以及各种方法适用条件。此外,本文也综述了近几年合成聚乙醇酸的研究包括直接熔融聚合法、缩聚开环法、溶剂法、悬浮聚合法等,指出了各种方法的优缺点。最后,展望了乙醇酸和聚乙醇酸的应用前景,萃取法是得到高纯度乙醇酸的较好的方法,能为聚乙醇酸的合成提供优质原料,可以打破合成聚乙醇酸所用的乙交酯单体主要依赖于进口的局面。 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
单乙醇脂肪酰胺的合合成及性能 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
以辛酸,癸酸,月桂酸,肉豆蔻酸,棕榈酸,硬胆酸和油酸为原料分别与单乙醇胺反应,合成了一系列单乙醇脂肪酰胺,上述产品经重结晶提纯后,测定了系列单乙醇脂肪酰胺对w(AES)=10%和w(Ninol)=3%等表面活性剂水溶液体系的增稠,泡沫性能和珠光效果,研究表明,各种意志乙醇脂肪酰胺可以分别用异丙醇,水,丙酮和石油醚重结晶,单乙醇脂肪酰胺为白色片状晶体,C12-C18的单乙醇脂肪酰胺有较好的增稠性能,其中单乙醇油酰胺最好,单乙醇月桂酰胺对体系发泡与稳泡有明显的促进作用,单乙醇硬脂酰胺在体系中有很好的珠光效果。 相似文献
5.
采用不同有机配体(对苯二甲酸,2-硝基对苯二甲酸、2-氨基对苯二甲酸、2-羟基对苯二甲酸),利用剂热合成法合成锆基MOFs结构UiO-66及其衍生物,添加不同的调节剂(甲酸、乙酸、苯甲酸和盐酸)调节锆基MOFs结构。采用XRD、SEM和FT-IR等对锆基MOFs材料进行表征,研究不同的调节剂和添加量对锆基MOFs形貌特征和结构性质的影响。研究发现调节剂的不同对锆基MOFs结构形成产生不同影响,盐酸和乙酸混合调节剂能显著提高UiO-66的结晶度,当n(调节剂)∶n(ZrCl4)=30∶1时,苯甲酸调节剂可以获得尺寸为500 nm结构规整的UiO-66八面体晶体,甲酸调节剂将UiO-66的比表面积由1173.3 m2/g提高到1973.8 m2/g。选择3种锆基MOFs作为酯化反应催化剂,UiO-66-NH2催化活性较好,其游离脂肪酸转化率为50.7%,用KOH催化酯化油反应得到的生物柴油产率为51.6%,脂肪酸甲酯含量达99%以上。 相似文献
6.
Rémi Nguyen Mathilde Amouroux Alexis Duda Zéphirin Mouloungui 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2020,97(7):679-689
The aim of this study was to develop an improved general method for detecting and quantifying mixtures of hydroxy acids and other products of glycerol oxidation in aqueous media, to prevent the confusions that can occur due to similarities and interactions between these compounds depending on media conditions. Standard potential products of glycerol oxidation—glycerol, glyceraldehyde, dihydroxyacetone, glyceric acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, glyoxylic acid, oxalic acid, tartronic acid, and mesoxalic acid—were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and quantitative 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), in mixtures of known composition. The results obtained were concordant with the known compositions tested. HPLC was more accurate than quantitative 13C NMR for simple mixtures, but 13C NMR was required for complex mixtures containing dihydroxyacetone and glycerol, oxalic acid and mesoxalic acid, or glyoxylic acid and tartronic acid, pairs of compounds not well separated or detected by HPLC. As proof-of-concept, an unknown mixture generated by glycerol oxidation was analyzed by HPLC and quantitative 13C NMR. The results obtained were concordant and allowed accurate determination of the composition of the sample, which contained mesoxalic acid as the major product, with oxalic acid, tartronic acid, and glyceric acid as by-products. 相似文献
7.
测定了420-505K温度范围内,对苯二甲酸和对羧基苯甲醛在醋酸水溶液中溶解度。在70%-100%醋酸水溶液中,70%醋酸使对苯二甲酸的溶解度对温度最敏感,随着醋酸浓度增加,对苯二甲酸的溶解度减少。当温度低于470K时,对苯二甲酸在水中的溶解性低于醋酸中的溶解度;温度高于470K时,对苯二甲酸在水中的溶解性对温度敏感明显提高。40%醋酸使对羧基苯甲醛的溶解度对温度最敏感, 随着醋酸浓度增加, 对羧基苯甲醛的溶解度增加。实验数据用修正的Apelblat方程进行了对苯二甲酸和对羧基苯甲醛在醋酸水溶液中溶解度关联,计算与实验值吻合良好。 相似文献
8.
9.
J. J. Kabara 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1979,56(11):760A-767A
The LD50 oral ingestion values for the common commercial fatty acids are in the range which are considered nontoxic; 24 hour primary
skin irritation is considered positive for octanoic acid but negative for decanoic acid and upwards; 4 hour skin corrosivity
is considered positive for decanoic acid and lower, negative for lauric acid and higher; eye irritation is considered positive
for lauric acid and lower, negative for myristic acid and higher. Among the fatty acid derivatives that have well recognized
bacteriocidal and fungicidal properties are undecanoic acid and its salts, sodium and zinc particularly, (athlete’s foot fungus),
fatty amine quaternary salts, (general bacteriocide properties), fatty amide derivatives, and sodium salts of common fatty
acids. The highly purified monoglyceride prepared from high C-12 fatty acid has unprecedented activity and sanitizing properties. 相似文献
10.
11.
12.
酸化是油水井常用的增产增注措施。介绍了国内外自生酸、泡沫酸、稠化酸、乳化酸、化学缓速酸、胶凝酸和降滤失酸的发展现状,对其性能、作用机理以及使用范围和效果做了概述。 相似文献
13.
14.
聚天冬氨酸的合成与表征 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
介绍了以L -天冬氨酸为原料 ,热缩合成聚天冬氨酸酐 ,水解得到聚天冬氨酸的合成工艺。采用凝胶色谱法测定了聚天冬氨酸的分子量 ,并用核磁共振对其进行了表征。 相似文献
15.
单体酸甲酯化后用气相色谱.质谱联用仪测定单体酸的主要组成,共鉴定出硬脂酸(32.72%)、十八烯酸(25.53%)、肉豆蔻酸(12.16%)、棕榈酸(8.51%)等15种物质。用单体酸为原料制备生物柴油的方法为:单体酸与甲醇在对甲苯磺酸催化作用下,进行酯化反应来获得脂肪酸甲酯。考察了甲醇与单体酸的摩尔比、催化剂浓度、反应时间以及反应温度对酯化率的影响。结果表明,最佳酯化反应条件为:醇酸摩尔比3:1,对甲苯磺酸用量6%,反应时间3h,反应温度60℃。在此条件下,单体酸酯化率达98%,实验所得生物柴油的主要性能指标符合ASTN质量标准,并接近O#柴油性质。 相似文献
16.
17.
戊二酸是重要的五个碳原子的二元羧酸,混合二元羧酸是己二酸工业生产中的副产物,其中含有的戊二酸是一种重要的化工原料,应用广泛。因此从混合二元酸中分离纯化戊二酸的方法受到研究者的重视,本文综述了戊二酸分离纯化的研究进展。 相似文献
18.
合成了硬脂酸和2-乙基己酸的季戊四醇酯,研究了2种酯分别与钙锌热稳定剂并用时对PVC(聚氯乙烯)的热稳定效果和压析效果,重点考察了脂肪酸季戊四醇酯的酯化度和脂肪酸碳链长度对PVC稳定性能的影响。结果认为用2-乙基己酸制备的季戊四醇酯稳定效果相对较好。 相似文献
19.
Identification and Effects of Interaction Phytotoxic Compounds from Exudate of Cistus ladanifer Leaves 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Eleven allelochemicals (ferulic acid, cinnamic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid, methyl propionate, oxalic acid, methylmalonic acid, p-anisic acid, butyric acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, and azulene) were identified in the exudate of Cistus ladanifer L. We studied the effect of each on germination, cotyledon emergence, root length, and cotyledon length of Rumex crispus. Three groups were distinguished with respect to phytotoxic activity: compounds with low activity (ferulic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, oxalic acid, methylmalonic acid, p-anisic acid, hydroxybutyric acid, and azulene), with intermediate activity (cinnamic acid and hydroxycinnamic acid), and with high activity (methyl propionate and butyric acid). The effect of the interaction of the compounds was studied. When acting conjointly, all combinations tested produced a more negative effect on both germination and seedling growth than when acting alone. The interaction affected cotyledon emergence and root length more negatively than germination and cotyledon length. When hydroxycinnamic acid and cinnamic acid were added to these mixtures there was an enhancement in the phytotoxic activity, accentuating the effect of the other allelochemicals. 相似文献
20.
为了深入了解萃取过程的机理和动力学特征,采用了恒界面池法研究了复合体系下磷酸和硫酸的萃取动力学,分别考察了比界面积、初始水相中磷酸浓度、初始水相中硫酸浓度对磷酸、硫酸萃取速率的影响,并提出了60℃下硫酸-磷酸复合体系中萃取磷酸和硫酸的动力学方程。实验结果表明:磷酸和硫酸的萃取速率随着比界面积增大而减小,随着初始水相中磷酸浓度的升高而逐步增加;初始水相中硫酸浓度的增大也有利于提高磷酸和硫酸的萃取速率。并研究了在60℃硫酸-磷酸复合体系中,磷酸和硫酸的萃取动力学方程,并用工业原料磷酸对萃取动力学进行了验证,表明拟合所得的方程计算的磷酸和硫酸萃取速率和实际测得的值相近。 相似文献