热处理工艺对海洋工程用高强度耐低温H型钢组织及性能影响

摘要：以热轧耐低温H型钢为研究对象,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜分析和力学性能测试等手段,研究了完全淬火和亚温淬火对试验钢微观组织和力学性能的演变规律。结果表明,试验型钢经780℃亚温淬火+600℃回火处理后,形成回火索氏体+铁素体的网状组织;试验型钢900℃淬火+600℃回火处理后,转变得到具有马氏体位向的回火索氏体,碳化物分布更加细小均匀,位错密度下降。2种热处理工艺制备H型钢综合力学性能优良,屈服强度均达到500MPa以上,900℃淬火+600℃回火处理后钢的屈服强度和抗拉强度更高。-40℃低温冲击韧性比热轧状态下出现大幅度提高,随着淬火温度升高冲击功更加稳定。     

热处理工艺对40CrMnMo钢低温冲击韧性的影响

通过不同的热处理制度:800、820℃低温淬火+600℃回火,880℃+860℃两次淬火+600℃回火和860℃一次淬火+600℃回火,对40CrMnMo钢进行热处理试验,并研究了三种热处理工艺对40CrMnMo试验钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明,三种热处理工艺的试验钢抗拉强度相近(936～951 MPa),组织为回火马氏体+铁素体,采用800、820℃低温淬火+600℃回火热处理工艺,试验钢的冲击功最高(65～69J)。     

淬火温度对780 MPa级Ti-Nb-B微合金化水电用钢组织和力学性能的影响

研究了淬火温度对780 MPa级水电用钢(/%:0.09C,0.10Si,1.50Mn,0.009P,0.002S,0.90Cr,0.20Ni,0.023Ti,0.004Nb,0.001 0B)组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,试验钢不同温度淬火后均得到了板条贝氏体组织,随着淬火温度910℃升高至950℃,奥氏体平均晶粒从9.1μm长大到16.6μm,试验钢回火后基本保持了淬火态的板条结构。淬火温度在910～950℃试验钢的强度随着淬火温度的升高先增大后减小,并在930℃时达到最大,试验钢冲击韧性和断后延伸率与强度有着相同的变化规律。在930℃淬火,610℃回火的工艺参数条件下,获得最佳的力学性能:屈服强度为802 MPa,抗拉强度为858 MPa,伸长率为19%,-40℃冲击功为238 J。     

热处理工艺对风电锻件用Q345E钢组织及性能的影响

采用拉伸、冲击与微观组织分析等试验研究了风电锻件用Q345E钢经不同热处理工艺下的组织与性能,试验结果表明:890℃淬火时,随着回火温度的升高,Q345E钢的强度逐渐下降,塑性和韧性逐渐增加;550℃回火时,当淬火温度890℃时,Q345E钢综合力学性能最好;Q345E钢的最佳热处理工艺为890℃淬火+550℃回火。在后续生产实验中,经过890℃淬火+550℃回火后,Q345E钢的力学性能均满足要求,屈服强度大于395MPa、抗拉强度大于530MPa,-40℃冲击功大于185J。     

淬、回火参数对250mm×250mm EA4T高速动车轴用钢组织和性能的影响

试验用250 mm×250 mm方坯EA4T车轴用钢(/%:0.23C,0.32Si,0.70Mn,0.014P,0.010S,0.18Mo,0.03V)的生产流程为60 t EBT EAF-LF-VD-8.4 t铸锭轧制-退火工艺。试验研究了880~920℃油淬、600~650℃回火工艺对该钢组织和力学性能的影响。经920 C+600℃、920℃+650℃和880℃+640℃淬-回火处理后,该钢的组织分别为马氏体、索氏体+马氏体和马氏体+贝氏体;880℃+640●℃淬-回火处理后EA4T钢的力学性能为R_(p0.2)525 MPa,R_m 720 MPa,A_5 23%,U-5 mm纵向冲击功68~82 J,横向冲击功65~86 J,其组织和力学性能均符合EN13261标准要求。     

热处理工艺对超高强钢板组织和性能的影响

利用金相、扫描电子显微镜以及拉伸与冲击试验研究了不同热处理工艺对超高强钢的组织和力学性能的影响。主要热处理参数为:淬火温度920℃,保温时间10 min;低温回火温度150℃、300℃,保温时间分别为60 min、30 min;高温回火温度500℃、550℃,保温时间15 min、10 min。淬火得到的组织为板条马氏体,低温回火得到的组织以回火马氏体为主,高温回火得到的组织为回火索氏体。经淬火+回火热处理后的钢板,力学性能可达到GB/T16270《高强度结构用调质钢板》标准中的890 MPa级别及更高级别牌号的要求。     

淬、回火参数对250 mm x250 mm EA4T高速动车轴用钢组织和性能的影响

试验用250 mm×250 mm方坯EA4T车轴用钢（/%:0.23C,0.32Si,0.70Mn,0.014P,0.010S,0.18Mo,0.03V）的生产流程为60 t EBT EAF-LF-VD-8.4 t铸锭轧制-退火工艺。试验研究了880~920℃油淬、600~650℃回火工艺对该钢组织和力学性能的影响。经920 C+600℃、920℃+650℃和880℃+640℃淬-回火处理后,该钢的组织分别为马氏体、索氏体+马氏体和马氏体+贝氏体;880℃+640℃淬-回火处理后EA4T钢的力学性能为R_p0.2 525 MPa,R_m 720 MPa,A₅ 23%,U-5 mm纵向冲击功68~82 J,横向冲击功65~86 J,其组织和力学性能均符合EN13261标准要求。     

淬火温度对80mm调质690MPa级低碳贝氏体高强钢板组织性能的影响

通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜、力学性能测试,研究了830～930℃淬火+650 ℃回火对690 MPa高强钢显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:实验钢经两相区830 ℃淬火+650 ℃回火后的组织为板条状铁素体和回火索氏体,其屈服强度较低为679 MPa.淬火温度在完全奥氏体化相区为890～930℃时,随着淬火温度升高,材...     

真空热压超高碳超高铬模具钢研究

采用真空热压技术制备了含有超高碳和铬（2.6%C,26%Cr,质量分数）的模具钢。基于差示扫描量热分析曲线,选取两个远低于熔点的温度（1100 ℃和1150 ℃）进行热压,分别制造出几乎完全致密、粉末之间冶金结合良好的块体钢,密度为7.45～7.47 g?cm?3;对应热压温度1100 ℃ 和1150 ℃,热压态钢中平均碳化物尺寸分别为3.5 μm和5.5 μm,最大碳化物尺寸分别为6.0 μm和8.5 μm。经1150 ℃淬火、500 ℃回火,1100 ℃ 和1150 ℃热压钢的平均硬度分别为HRC 62.6和HRC 60.8,平均三点弯曲强度分别为2060 MPa和1850 MPa;经1150 ℃淬火、550 ℃回火,1100 ℃ 和1150 ℃热压钢硬度分别为HRC 55.2和HRC 53.6,平均三点弯曲强度分别为2490 MPa和2320 MPa。在相同淬火和回火条件下,1100 ℃热压钢的三点弯曲强度较高,原因是淬火回火后钢中碳化物尺寸较小。     

热处理工艺对80 kg水电站用钢组织性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、拉伸试验机和低温冲击韧性试验机研究了热处理工艺对80 kg水电站用钢组织性能的影响,分析了试验钢在不同淬火温度和回火温度下微观组织的变化规律,讨论了试验钢在不同热处理状态下力学性能变化规律。结果表明:试验钢在较低温度下淬火得到粒状贝氏体组织,随着淬火温度的提高,逐渐转变为板条贝氏体组织。试验钢淬火后采用不同温度高温回火,淬火时形成的位错出现合并、重组并消失,淬火内应力得到释放,随着回火温度的升高,板条状组织出现了合并长大,铁素体数量增加,逐渐向多边形铁素体转变。同时,屈服强度呈现先升高后降低的现象,在630℃达到最大值;抗拉强度则是单边下降,当回火温度达到650℃时,抗拉强度出现了不合格现象,延伸率和-40℃低温冲击韧性值在回火阶段显著提高,综合对比认为较好的淬火温度可以选择900～930℃,回火温度可以选择600～630℃。     

Effect of quenching process on microstructure and properties of DZ2 steel for high speed train axle

The effect of quenching process on the microstructure and properties of DZ2 steel used for high speed train axles is revealed by means of OM, SEM, EBSD, room temperature tensile test and low temperature impact test. The results show that after twice quenching at 850℃ and tempering at 650℃, the optimum mechanical properties of DZ2 steel were obtained. The tensile strength, yield strength, elongation after fracture and impact energy absorption at -40℃ of DZ2 steel are 874MPa, 773MPa, 24% and 222J, respectively. Moreover, the prior austenite grain, martensite packet and block are the finest, with the size of 14.9, 6.9 and 1.32μm, respectively, which are 14.3, 5.2 and 0.35μm finer than those after quenching at 950℃ and tempering at 650℃, respectively. And it is found that finer prior austenite grain boundaries, packet boundaries and block boundaries can effectively inhibit the crack propagation and improve the low temperature toughness, resulting in the ductile brittle transition temperature of DZ2 steel significantly reduced from -103℃ to -136℃.     

Effect of Martensite Morphology on Impact Toughness of Ultra-High Strength 25CrMo48V Steel Seamless Tube Quenched at Different Temperatures

A 25CrMo48V steel for ultra-deep oil/gas well casings was quenched at 900-1 200 ℃ and tempered at 650 ℃. The lath martensitic structures were characterized by optical microscope (OM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the transverse impact energy at 0 ℃ was measured from the as-quenched and tempered specimens. The results show that with the quenching temperature decreased, the prior austenite grain, martensitic packet and block are refined, while the lath width seems to remain unchanged. The enhancement of impact toughness with the decreasing quenching temperature can be attributed to refinement of the martensitic structure with high-angle boundaries, and the block is the minimum structure unit controlling impact toughness. The transverse impact energy [ECVN (0 ℃) ≥100 J] required for seamless casings with ultra-high strength (Rp0.2≥932 MPa) has been finally achieved with the experimental steel quenched at 900-1 000 ℃ and tempered at 650 ℃.     

屈服强度1100 MPa级超高强钢热处理组织及性能

摘要：随着工程机械向大型化轻量化方向发展,超高强钢的市场需求越来越大且综合性能要求越来越严格。结合5000mm宽厚板生产线及热处理装备,研究淬火过程中淬火温度对屈服强度1100MPa级超高强度钢组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,淬火温度决定了合金元素的溶解和分布状态、原始奥氏体晶粒尺寸,影响试验钢的综合力学性能。不同淬火温度下,基本微观组织为板条马氏体。随着淬火温度的升高,原奥氏体晶粒尺寸增大;当淬火温度由840℃升高至990℃时,原奥氏体晶粒平均尺寸由9.0μm增加到22.5μm。采用900～930℃淬火及350℃回火的热处理工艺,试验钢可获得最佳的强韧性匹配,此时屈服强度为1125～1155MPa、抗拉强度为1306～1335MPa、断后伸长率为12.5%～14.0%,布氏硬度为415～419,－40℃冲击功为80～100J,抗拉强度与布氏硬度比值范围在3.10～3.20之间,满足标准GB/T 28909—2012对Q1100E的要求。     

Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Property of Cr13 Super Martensitic Stainless Steel

 The microstructures and mechanical properties of Cr13 super martensitic stainless steel after different heat treatments were studied. The results show that the structures of the steel after quenching are of lath martensite mixed with a small amount of retained austenite. With the raising quenching temperature, the original austenite grain size increases and the lath martensite gradually becomes thicker. The structures of the tempered steel are mixtures of tempered martensite and reversed austenite dispersed in the martensite matrix. The amount of reversed austenite is from 754% to 2249%. After different heat treatments, the tensile strength, the elongation and the HRC hardness of the steel are in the range of 813-1070 MPa, 101%-212% and 2133-3237, respectively. The steel displays the best comprehensive mechanical properties after the sample is quenched at 1050 ℃ followed by tempering at 650 ℃.     

调质工艺对G115钢组织性能的影响

新型马氏体耐热钢G115是我国630~650℃超超临界燃煤发电机组重要的候选材料。研究了不同调质工艺对G115棒材组织性能的影响。结果表明,采用两次调质工艺,室温拉伸和650℃高温拉伸强度均提高,冲击功提升尤为显著。随着两次调质工艺中第一次淬火温度的升高,强度和冲击功均有提升趋势。采用金相显微镜、扫面电镜观察分析了不同调质工艺的组织差异,两次调质工艺的晶粒明显细于一次调质,且回火板条组织保留更明显,碳化物形貌更细小、分布更弥散。随着两次调质工艺中第一次淬火温度的升高,晶粒变粗但均匀性更好。     

淬火工艺对马氏体高强钢组织和性能的影响

摘要：采用拉伸、冲击、金相、电子背散射衍射、透射电镜、X射线衍射等试验手段,研究了在线直接淬火+回火（DQT）与离线再加热淬火+回火（RQT）工艺对马氏体高强钢组织性能的影响。结果表明,2种试验钢组织均为板条马氏体,RQT试验钢原奥氏体晶粒及板条束呈等轴状,板条块较短,板条较宽,DQT试验钢原奥氏体晶粒呈扁平状,板条束贯穿整个晶粒,板条块呈细长状,板条宽度较小;位错强化是DQT试验钢强度较RQT高的主要原因;板条束为控制DQT和RQT试验钢韧性的最小单元;DQT试验钢大角晶界比例较低,其具有较大的马氏体板条束尺寸以及更高的位错密度,断裂应力较低,低温韧性较差。     

回火温度对COST-FB2转子钢析出相与力学性能的影响

 为了调整COST-FB2转子钢的强韧性,采用OM、SEM和TEM等手段研究了回火温度对COST-FB2转子钢的析出相类型与力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着回火温度由350 ℃升高到750 ℃,试验钢的强度、硬度不断下降,塑性和冲击功上升;试验钢350 ℃和570 ℃回火后的高强低韧性可通过再次在700 ℃回火改善。淬火后COST-FB2转子钢中的残余奥氏体,可通过在570 ℃回火消除;在350 ℃和570 ℃回火后马氏体板条内部有大量针状的M₃C,700 ℃回火后的显微组织中M₃C消失,M₂₃C₆在原奥氏体晶界和马氏体板条界上析出,750 ℃回火后晶界上的M₂₃C₆有聚集粗化的现象,部分马氏体板条存在回复现象。     

淬火-回火工艺对X80管件钢组织性能的影响

采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子背散射衍射分析技术(EBSD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等实验手段,研究了不同淬火-回火热处理工艺制度对X80管件钢组织性能的影响.结果表明:一次930℃淬火后,随着回火温度的升高,实验钢屈服强度先升高后降低,在630℃达到最大值588MPa;抗拉强度随回火温度升高持续下降,680℃时降至630MPa.二次两相区淬火,经630℃回火后,X80管件钢有最佳的综合力学性能,-50℃冲击韧性显著提高,Ak达到210J.这是由于二次淬火温度在860℃两相区时,组织中奥氏体晶粒大幅细化,经630℃回火后,细晶马氏体组织中出现位错亚结构的回复软化、板条边界钝化和块状M-A组元分解产生的析出强化机制综合作用的结果.     

淬火温度对30CrNiMoV钢板组织和性能的影响

试验研究了30CrNiMoV钢板经不同奥氏体化温度加热淬火并在200℃回火后的组织和力学性能。结果表明:30CrNiMoV钢在790~930℃范围内淬火、200℃回火后,均能保持正常的板条马氏体组织,实际晶粒度保持10级,钢板具有良好的综合力学性能以及冷弯工艺性能,其抗拉强度不低于1 650MPa,伸长率不低于10%,并能承受90°冷弯成型。实际生产中,在设定淬火加热温度时应考虑不同厚度的钢板在加热出炉后存在不同降温,应使钢板在喷水冷却开始时,其实际温度不低于790℃,但最高加热温度应不超过930℃。     

Strong and Ductile Martensitic Steels for Automotive Applications

The limits of strength and ductility of a medium‐carbon silicon chromium spring steel are investigated for the case of conventional heat treatment including austenitization, quenching and tempering. The effect of phosphorus and austenite deformation prior to quenching was studied by measuring mechanical properties after quenching and tempering and by microstructural investigation. Strong influence of phosphorus on the ductility is observed for the quenched and tempered martensite without prior austenite deformation. The minimum in ductility found after tempering at 350°C is explained by the formation of cementite and grain boundary segregation of phosphorus. Two thermomechanical treatments were tested involving different austenite conditions produced by variation of the deformation temperature. The deformed conditions, recrystallized or work‐hardened, exhibit higher ductility at all tempering temperatures tested. A combined thermomechanical treatment is proposed that provides the highest ductility after tempering at 300°C independent of the phosphorus content. All thermomechanical treatments described in this study refine or eliminate carbide films at prior austenite grain boundaries. It was found possible to increase the tensile strength and the fatigue limit by deformation of austenite prior to quenching while maintaining or increasing the ductility level.