电磁搅拌对马氏体不锈钢连铸坯组织和表面质量的影响

根据工业规模生产试验的结果,分析了结晶器电磁搅拌(M-EMS)对马氏体不锈钢连铸坯(150mm×150mm)中心疏松、等轴晶、缩孔及表面质量的影响,并对电磁搅拌对铸坯凝固的影响机理进行了探讨。结果表明:经结晶器电磁搅拌后,当平均磁感应强度B为660GS时,铸坯中心等轴晶率平均达到了50%,最高达57%,中心疏松均在1.5级以下,中心缩孔90%在1.0级内;铸坯表面由使用二冷区电磁搅拌的85%提高到97%,为在结晶器电磁搅拌应用中工艺参数的优化及设计提供了一定的依据。     

电磁搅拌对不锈钢铸坯质量的影响研究

在工业试验条件下研究了低频旋转型电磁搅拌对奥氏体不锈钢及马氏体不锈钢连铸坯凝固组织的影响.结果表明:在低频电磁场合适的电磁搅拌参数作用下,不锈钢宏观组织及表面质量得到了明显改善,铸坯的柱状晶和等轴晶得到了显著的细化,消除了穿晶现象,中心缩孔、中心疏松明显降低;马氏体不锈钢铸坯中心等轴晶率平均达到了50%,最高达57%,中心疏松均在1.5级以下,中心缩孔90%在1.0级内.多次试验发现,不锈钢铸坯所需的搅拌强度应高于一般钢种.这为电磁搅拌在生产应用中工艺参数的优化及设计提供了一定的依据.     

电磁搅拌对水平连铸奥氏体不锈钢组织的影响

研究了低频旋转型电磁搅拌对水平连铸奥氏体不锈钢凝固组织的影响。结果表明，在低频电磁场作用下，合适的电磁搅拌参数使奥氏体不锈钢宏观组织在一定程度上得到了明显改善，铸坯的柱状晶和等轴晶得到了显著的细化，消除了穿晶现象，等轴晶区扩大，中心缩孔、疏松级别明显降低；多次试验发现，对于奥氏体不锈钢，所需的搅拌强度应高于一般钢种，即使搅拌器的中心磁感应强度平均值达90mT（幅值达到141mT），当频率为3-4Hz时，搅拌后对钢液的组织影响较小。     

辊式电磁搅拌器在包钢电工钢上的应用

通过辊式电磁搅拌器的实际应用,以及硫印、酸洗等方法研究了辊式电磁搅器对电工钢铸坯质量的影响。通过理论分析和试验结果表明,电工钢施加辊式电磁搅拌器后,铸坯的等轴晶率有明显的提高,可以达50%以上,夹杂物的分布有所改善,电工钢的成品质量得到很大的提高。     

电磁搅拌优化对不锈钢连铸过程凝固组织的影响

应用磁流体力学,结合数值模拟,对不锈钢连铸二冷区电磁场搅拌器的结构进行了优化设计,并对连铸过程中的电磁场与钢水流动的关系进行了定量分析。结果发现,电磁搅拌是控制和改善铁素体不锈钢连铸坯组织的有效手段,合理的电磁搅拌控制参数如下:当电流为600~800A,频率为8~12Hz时,坯壳内部钢水流动速度达到0.6m/s时可以显著提高连铸坯搅拌区域的等轴晶率。     

二冷区辊式电磁搅拌在安钢板坯的试验和应用

依据制定的正交试验表,进行电磁搅拌工艺试验。通过酸蚀检验铸坯低倍试样和钻孔分析元素的偏析指数,确定了安钢第一炼轧厂二冷区辊式电磁搅拌的最优工艺参数。经过1年多的生产应用表明,该辊式电磁搅拌器可以明显改善铸坯的凝固组织,提高铸坯的内部质量。     

连铸工艺参数对430铁素体不锈钢等轴晶率的影响

在工业试验条件下分析了电磁搅拌电流强度、中包过热度和二冷水强度对430不锈钢连铸坯等轴晶率的影响规律.结果表明:430不锈钢连铸坯低倍组织由柱状晶和等轴晶组成;等轴晶率随电流强度的增大而依次增大,随过热度的减小而依次增大;采用较小的二冷水强度,430不锈钢低倍组织中的等轴晶率高.在电流强度为1 700A、中包过热度为20℃、二冷水比水量为0.95 L/kg时,430连铸坯生产的制品表面无起皱现象发生.     

电磁搅拌对不锈钢连铸坯等轴晶率的影响

分析了在工业试验条件下,电磁搅拌对430不锈钢、409L不锈钢和2205双相不锈钢连铸坯等轴晶率的影响。结果表明,施加电磁搅拌后,3个钢种的等轴晶率比不施加电磁搅拌都有明显增加,各个钢种的等轴晶率跟钢种特性有关。     

结晶器电磁搅拌对马氏体不锈钢连铸坯组织和表面质量的影响

试验和分析了结晶器电磁搅拌(M-EMS)对马氏体不锈钢150mm×150mm连铸坯的中心疏松、等轴晶、缩孔及表面质量的影响,并对电磁搅拌对铸坯凝固影响的机理进行探讨.结果表明,经结晶器电磁搅拌后,铸坯中心等轴晶率平均达到50%、最高57%,中心疏松均在1.5级以下,中心缩孔90%在1.0级内;铸坯表面质量由使用结晶器电磁搅拌的85%提高到97%.     

板坯连铸铸流电磁搅拌辊的设计与应用

利用有限元分析软件对板坯连铸铸流电磁搅拌辊的磁路结构及应用参数进行设计。根据连铸机辊列图,计算了铸流电磁搅拌辊的安装位置及各使用工艺参数下等轴晶率。在满足安装空间的基础上,计算了一定铁芯尺寸下的最佳安匝数、磁场强度、电磁搅拌辊各组件温度分布、辊套变形量等参数。模拟结果表明,电磁搅拌辊安装在扇形段1号段的1号位和9号位能得到47.6%～61.6%的等轴晶率。在辊套直径240 mm的尺寸下,结合绕线空间及安装空间,铁芯直径最大尺寸为127 mm,此铁芯尺寸下的最大电流为400 A。计算的搅拌辊温度分布、辊套变形量指导了工程冷却水量设计及机械结构设计。试验结果表明,数值模拟的磁感应强度与实际测试的磁感应强度基本一致。通过实际运行结果发现,设计的冷却水量满足冷却要求。浇注断面为200 mm×1 000 mm的400系不锈钢铸坯在拉速为0.9 m/min时,铸坯的等轴晶率为55%,这与设计值基本一致。模拟结果正确指导了板坯连铸铸流电磁搅拌辊的设计与应用。     

Effect of electromagnetic stirring on solidification structure of austenitic stainless steel in horizontal continuous casting

An investigation on the influence of low frequency rotary electromagnetic stirring on solidification structure of austenitic stainless steel in horizontal continuous casting was experimentally conducted and carried out on an industrial trial basis. The results show that application of appropriate electromagnetic stirring parameters can obviously improve the macrostructure of austenitic stainless steel, in which both columnar and equiaxed grains can be greatly refined and shrinkage porosity or cavity zone along centerline can be remarkably decreased due to eliminating intracrystalline and enlarging equiaxed grains zone. The industrial trials verify that the electromagnetic stirring intensity of austenitic stainless steel should be higher than that of plain carbon steel. Electromagnetic stirring has somewhat affected the macrostructure of austenitic stainless steel even if the magnetic flux density of the electromagnetic stirring reaches 90 mT (amplitude reaches 141 mT ) in average at frequency f=3-4Hz, which provides a reference for the optimization of design and process parameters when applying the rotary electromagnetic stirrer     

铁素体不锈钢板坯连铸机技术要点

结合铁素体不锈钢连铸过程高温凝固特性,拟新建的双流铁素体不锈钢板坯连铸机采用直弧型连续弯曲连续矫直的特殊技术,选用全程无氧化浇铸、大容量中间包、结晶器自动液面控制减少钢水中夹杂物;采用摩擦力监测、结晶器漏钢预报保证浇铸的连续性;合理设计动态一冷和二冷配水等提高铸坯表面质量,并设计采用电磁制动、低过热度浇铸、二冷电磁搅拌、二冷动态轻压下技术提高铸坯内部质量。     

不锈钢连铸板坯表面清理机的开发及应用

针对不锈钢连铸在生产过程中,板坯表面会产生氧化铁皮和保护渣的混合物问题,开发出不锈钢连铸板坯在线表面清理机,并成功投入生产,为不锈钢连铸板坯在线表面清理提供了一种有效的、可靠的方法。     

Continuous dynamic recrystallization of AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel

The high-temperature deformation behavior of AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel was studied by torsion tests. The deformation tests were performed in the temperature range of 900–1100°C and strain rate range of 5.0×10⁻² −5.0/sec. The evolutions of flow stress and microstructure show the characteristics of continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX). The flow stress gradually decreased with strain over the peak stress without steady state. Below the 100% effective strain, grains appeared in small angle grain boundaries with a misorientation of 3–9°. In addition, when heavy deformation (>300%) was applied, higher misorientation (∼15°) was achieved. The tendency of CDRX increased with increasing strain rate and decreasing temperature. The dependence of CDRX grain size on the strain rate and temperature was discussed.     

铁素体不锈钢铸坯凝固特性及等轴晶率控制

具有较高等轴晶率的铁素体不锈钢连铸坯可以显著避免冷成型加工过程中的皱折缺陷。采用了低倍组织观察、第二相特征分析以及凝固模型计算的方法研究了含Ti、Nb双稳定化超纯铁素体不锈钢的凝固特性以及等轴晶率控制机理。结果表明,当Ti和Nb加入到铁素体不锈钢中,连铸的等轴晶率显著提高;模型表明铸坯凝固参数的变化规律基本一致,然而钢中第二相粒子的成分及形貌发生显著变化,第二相粒子的非均质形核能力显著增强。本研究建立的凝固模型可以较好预测连铸坯的CET转变,同时指出稳定地提高铁素体不锈钢连铸坯的等轴晶率需要对钢中微量元素含量、核心形核效果以及冶炼过程进行合理设计。     

近终形连铸设备在不锈钢生产中的应用

目前全世界已投产、在建和拟建的薄板坯连铸生产设备约有５０套，其中主要用于或一部分用于生产不锈钢的设备有６套。最近十年随着国民经济的发展，我国不锈钢板带材的需要量以年均１８％左右的速度增长。根据我国不锈钢板带材产销现状，借鉴国外成功的经验，提出加速发展我国不锈钢带材的建议。     

2205双相不锈钢铸坯皮下夹杂物含量探讨

采用金相显微镜(OM)夹杂物自动图像分析软件统计了 2205双相不锈钢铸坯皮下3 mm位置处夹杂物数量和分布,并用扫描电镜(SEM)及X射线能谱仪(EDS)分析了夹杂物形貌和成分.结果表明:2205双相不锈钢铸坯中的夹杂物大小以5～15 μm为主,沿着铸坯宽度方向由表层到1/4位置夹杂物数量有增加的趋势;铸坯中的夹杂物...     

Influence of filler wire composition on weld microstructures of a 444 ferritic stainless steel grade

Seven compositions of metal cored filler wires for gas metal arc welding (GMAW), containing the same weight percent of chromium (Cr) and molybdenum (Mo) as 444 steel, but with different titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) contents were investigated. Experimental results pointed out that the filler wire Ti content required to be twice time more than the amount expected in the deposited metal. This was due to the low Ti transfer ratio during arc welding. Moreover, Ti increased the wetting angle and promoted penetration. It was supposed that Ti affected the weld pool surface tension what led to inward Marangoni convection.Columnar to equiaxed grain transition (CET) was also promoted thanks to the precipitation in the weld pool of Ti rich refractory compounds which act as heterogeneous nucleation sites for equiaxed grains. A minimum 0.3% Ti was required in the filler wire to form a completely equiaxed grain structure in the fusion zone. Niobium in the filler wire did not seem to have any effect on penetration, wetting and grain structure of the fusion zone.     

Characterisation of ferritic stainless steel by Barkhausen techniques

Magneto-acoustic emission (MAE) and magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) sensing techniques were developed and employed to characterise plastically deformed and heat-treated AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel samples. These results have been compared to the mechanical hardness, coercivity and residual stress of the samples. MAE and MBN were shown to decrease with increasing permanent material deformation. It was found that the inverse of MAE (absolute energy) and MBN (RMS) are linearly proportional to hardness. With increased deformation, the resultant change in dislocation density was found to effect material coercivity. It has been shown that the inverse of MAE absolute energy and MBN have an exponential relationship to the change in material coercivity. The results are explained in terms of the different mechanisms that effect dislocation-domain wall interactions. A new measurement parameter has been developed for microstructural characterisation called MAE absolute energy and has proved to be a useful quantitative method in MAE waveform measurement.